1、BEC商务英语（高级）阅读模拟试卷 98及答案与解析 一、 PART ONE 0 Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about what they should try to learn and how effective organizational learning takes place and is translated into action.Which article(A, B, C, D or E)does each statement 1 8 refer to?For ea
2、ch statement 1 8, mark one letter(A, B, C, D or E)on your Answer Sheet.You will need to use some of these letters more than once.There is an example at the beginning, (0).AThe learning organization is one where the organization is developing the core competencies that will give it competitive advant
3、age in the marketplace. These core competencies are of two kinds: technical competencies which provide the key to the organizations market position; and management competencies which are vital to its performance as an integrated organization.BThe key aspects of individual management development, suc
4、h as recruitment, training, career development, job rotation, special assignments, meaningful work, relevant reward systems, need to be embedded in organizational systems, structures, values and policies and consistently applied in practice. In a learning organization, management development is not
5、an on again, off again activity.CAn organization full of change effective managers only, or of operational managers only, is likely to be headed towards bankruptcy. A balance is needed between operational and reshaping competencies. Part of that balance needs to be found within individuals, part of
6、it in the respective strengths of individuals, and parts within the embedded processes and resources of the organization. This has important implications for the placing of managers in jobs and also for moving them when their key skills are no longer so relevant and the managerial needs of their pos
7、itions change. It also has implications for the composition of top teams. Unless the top team includes some powerful members who are committed to long-term performance, the organization is unlikely in the longer term to build those reshaping competencies that will ensure its own renewal that is, to
8、become a learning organization.DForward-looking organizations are increasingly identifying potential change leaders early in their careers, giving them responsibilities for smaller change projects and the opportunity to work closely with effective change practitioners so that they can develop the ra
9、nge of reshaping competencies that the firms increasingly need. Some firms are also taking some of their most effective managers off-line and giving them project responsibilities that encourage them to augment their existing high levels of operational competencies with reshaping competencies. Ensuri
10、ng that many managers at critical stages of their careers have the experience of managing transitions is vital to developing a managerial mindset that balances the relative importance of maintaining effective ongoing operations with transforming them. It is this mindset that supports the need for cu
11、rrent performance with the openness to change that underlies a learning organization.EIn some cases, reshaping competencies may detract from immediate business results. Reshaping competencies requires considerable investment of resources, effort and time sometimes for little or no immediate benefit.
12、 Their expected benefits are often difficult to quantify or measure and the results only show up over time. Furthermore, continual investment is needed to maintain them. The benefits of creating learning organizations do not come free. They also do not come unmanaged. To be effective in meeting the
13、organizations purposes, organizational learning needs to be a managed process and organizational learning a key responsibility of top management. The creation and use of reshaping competencies, both personal and corporate, is the key characteristic of the learning organization. 1 The development of
14、individual managers must itself become a corporate competence. 2 Courses can make an important contribution but need to be combined with apprenticeship, experiential learning and mentoring. 3 That a firm succeeds or not depends on what it chooses to do rather than the environment it operates. 4 Resh
15、aping competencies adds little to immediate business results. 5 A firm performs well if it develops a “distinctive competence“ over time. 6 A company needs to give its managers as many opportunities as possible to access other tasks. 7 Reshaping competencies may not bring great benefit to the corpor
16、ation immediately. 8 Managers do not need identical sets of competencies. 二、 PART TWO 8 Read this text taken from an article about business and social responsibilityChoose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.For each gap 9 14, mark one letter(A H)on your Answer Sheet.Do not use any letter mor
17、e than once.There is an example at the beginning, (0). Business and Social ResponsibilityToday more and more people believe that business should play an active role in improving society and solving social problems. For example, we expect that businesses will take care not to pollute the air we breat
18、he or the water we drink.(0)_B Many companies recognize this and have stated publicly that they will act as a good citizen. They support local arts, build parks, raise funds for charities, and try to put back some of their profits into the community that has made their success possible.A good reason
19、 for businesses to be socially responsible is that society gives business organizations the right to exist.(9)_It is only right for businesses to participate in making the community in which they operate a better place.In addition, being socially responsible benefits businesses.(10)_Customers actual
20、ly vote for products and companies when they make a purchase. If a product is of good quality and priced fairly, they will probably buy it more than once. However, when customers find out that a manufacturer produces only inferior or shoddy products that cheat them out of their money, they may becom
21、e so angry that they will never purchase another one of their products.(11)_When enough people believe a business no longer serves societys best interests, they may pressure the firm into its doom by boycotting its goods or services, influencing officials against it, condemning it in the media, or p
22、atronizing other firms.(12)Only business that are concerned about society as well as about maintaining profitability are likely to invest voluntarily in socially responsible activities. For example, the former president of Pizza Hut, Orr Gunther, implemented a program called “Book-it“. This program
23、rewarded children with a free pizza for reading a certain number of books.(13)_To be successful, a business must determine what customers and society want or expect in terms of social responsibility. Although social responsibility may seem an abstract idea, managers consider it on a daily basis as t
24、hey deal with real issues.(14)_A Consumers may also shun firms that pollute the environment or engage in unethical practices by not purchasing their products.B We also expect them to offer fair wages and employee benefits and to provide a satisfactory product or service at a reasonable price.C A bus
25、iness whose goal is to maximize profits is not likely to act out of a sense of social responsibility even though its activity will probably be legal.D A social setting or environment, with its laws, customs, and other social and cultural norms, allows businesses to form and function.E In many cases,
26、 a company will make greater profits in the long run if it considers the benefits to society.F A business must monitor changes and needs in society in order to behave in a socially responsible way.G When a business is owned entirely by one person, the business is called a sole proprietorship.H Such
27、a business may win the trust and respect of its customers and in the long run increase profits. 三、 PART THREE 14 Read the following extract from an article about the advantages of making the first offer/demand in negotiation. For each question 15 20, mark one letter(A, B, C, or D)on your Answer Shee
28、t for the answer you choose. Making the first offer/demand can give a psychological advantage. During a negotiation, issues, positions, and even interests shift and realign in accordance with a managed disclosure of information. Understanding the power of perception is paramount. If one person acqui
29、res the power to manipulate the perception of others, that person enjoys a subtle but powerful advantage. Making the first significant move can be a powerful statement and can affect others perceptions of the one making the offer and of the situation in general. In military terms, the opening gambit
30、 is “taking the initiative“. Once one party takes the initiative, the other side frequently finds it difficult to regain its own momentum. Making a competent first offer/demand can take control of the entire negotiation. A competent opening gambit goes hand in hand with the idea of creating a psycho
31、logical advantage. The concept is analogous to the theory of “primacy“ in a courtroom trial. That is, once a participant gets the initiative and competently runs with it, the other side usually remains in a reactive mode. There are techniques that good strategists can sometimes use to regain the ini
32、tiative, but such procedures tend to be “dicey“. Unless recovery strategies are executed deftly by an experienced negotiator, the party trying to regain the initiative runs the risk of turning a negotiation into a confrontational/adversarial event. Such an outcome gives rise to a host of difficultie
33、s. Making a well-thought-out first offer/demand shows confidence in your position. It has been said that the law is what is forcefully stated and plausibly maintained. Likewise, in negotiation, if one party makes a strong plausible opening, that opening can often convince the other party that this o
34、ffer merits careful consideration that it is credible. If presented in the right way, a well-thought-out first offer can send a message that the party making the offer is strong and confident. Such an offer can cause the other party to rethink his or her position. It is important to note, however, t
35、hat this confidence factor edge is limited to a good faith offer made with the intent of actually making a deal. If the offer or demand is merely a fishing expedition, that is tantamount to positioning by making a very low or very high opening. Then the tone and words used to couch the offer should
36、be chosen so that they effectively transmit the intent behind the offer. Giving unsupportable figures wrapped in a mantle of credibility is very confusing and could sabotage the whole negotiation process. Making an effective first offer/demand shows preparation. A well prepared, strong, confident op
37、ening offer/demand sends a message that “This person did his/her homework“. Unfortunately, too many times the parties do not adequately prepare for a negotiation. When one party prepares well and the other does not, the result can be intimidating to the less prepared person. Without even intending t
38、o, the better prepared party takes the initiative and does not lose it. The prepared negotiator is usually the one who claims the larger surplus in a given negotiation. However, in some circumstances a better prepared person might choose to wait and let the other party make the first offer. Such a s
39、trategy still can be consistent with the overall theme presented here, namely, that the first move the opening gambit should be a thoughtful, considered move. It should not be a default. 15 What might be the first significant move in negotiating process? （ A） Creating a psychological advantage. （ B）
40、 A powerful statement that manipulates the perception of others. （ C） Taking the initiative. （ D） Gaining the momentum. 16 What is created by both a competent first offer/demand and “primacy“ in a courtroom trial? （ A） The perception of others. （ B） A reactive mode. （ C） A confrontational event. （ D
41、） A psychological advantage. 17 What is not true about regaining the initiative according to the passage? （ A） Good strategists can surely use some techniques to regain the initiative. （ B） Trying to regain the initiative runs the risk of giving rise to a host of difficulties. （ C） Though recovery s
42、trategies are executed deftly by an experienced negotiator, the procedures tend to be risky. （ D） Though recovery strategies are executed deftly by an experienced negotiator, the negotiation may turn into an adversarial event. 18 If one party makes a strong plausible opening in the right way, that o
43、pening can often （ A） cause the other party to rethink his or her position. （ B） lead to an adversarial event. （ C） sabotage the whole negotiation process. （ D） cause the other party to lose confidence. 19 What kind of an offer could let the whole negotiation process go smoothly? （ A） A very low or
44、very high opening. （ B） Unsupportable figures wrapped in a mantle of credibility. （ C） A good faith offer. （ D） A strong plausible opening. 20 Which of the following situations is a thoughtful, considered first move? （ A） A better prepared person waited and let the other party make the first offer i
45、n some cases. （ B） A well prepared party gave unsupportable figures wrapped in a mantle of credibility trying to claim the larger surplus. （ C） A well prepared party was using the negotiable tone and words to couch the offer. （ D） A well prepared party was using recovery strategies with the help of
46、an experienced negotiator. 四、 PART FOUR 20 Read the article below about job market.Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.For each question 21 30. mark one letter(A, B, C, or D)on your Answer Sheet.There is an example at the beginning, (0).In just eight years, by 2010,
47、 there will be 58 million jobs in the United States, (0)D the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The bureau(21)_between now and 2010 some 22 million new jobs will be created. And 36 million more (22)_will result from retirements and others who drop out of the workforce.Nearly all that job(23)_, incidentall
48、y, will come in the service sector. Manufacturing jobs will grow at only(24)_of a percent annually. Thats not because those jobs are going overseas, by the way. Blame the slow growth in manufacturing(25)_the fast growth in manufacturing productivity.Ed Potter, president of the Employment Policy Foun
49、dations in Washington, said the foundations analysis of job growth and whats(26)_ happening in education show there could be as(27)_as 3.5 million professionals at the end of this decade.Despite the current recession and layoffs, a(28)_of employers by the National Association of Manufacturers found 80 percent of companies say a severe shortage of qualified job(29)_already exists. And 60 percent of those companies said the lack of skilled workers was(30)_ their ability to produce.（ A） persists （ B）
