1、BFT阅读（综合）模拟试卷 35及答案与解析 一、 Part 3 0 Millions of Americans lack health insurance and, with the economy floundering, that is likely to increase, the National Academy of Sciences reported Thursday. “Unless health insurance is made more affordable, the number of uninsured Americans is likely to continue
2、growing over time,“ said Mary Sue Coleman, co-chairwoman of the committee that wrote the report. The report is the first of six planned by the Institute of Medicine over two years. The series is planned to find out who lacks health insurance and why, determine what the consequences are and provide t
3、he groundwork for debate on how to correct the problem. The institute is part of the academy, a private organization charactered by Congress to advise the government of scientific matters. This first report seeks to draw a picture of the millions who lack insurance. It does not offer any recommendat
4、ions. “Much of what Americans think they know about the uninsured is wrong,“ said Dr. Arthur Kellermann, a public health professor at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, who also worked on the report. The Census Bureau reported last month that 38. 7 million Americans went without coverag
5、e for all of 2000, compared with 39. 3 million the year before, thanks to the booming economy. Experts say the trend is likely to reverse this year, given that the economy was slowing even before the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. “Unfortunately, the recent economic slowdown might have reversed the mod
6、est gains in coverage for shorter periods. “ The report said that with insurance costs rising, more employers and individuals may conclude they are unable to afford coverage. Premium increases were often absorbed by employers in the strong economy of the 1990s, but that may not continue as the econo
7、my softens, the report said. The panel found that about 13.6 million of the uninsured work for employers that do not offer health insurance. Individually purchased coverage may be prohibitively costly. In the case of such public insurance programs as Medicaid and the State Childrens Health Insurance
8、 Program, the report said that stringent eligibility requirements and enrollment processes can make coverage difficult to obtain and hard to keep. 1 The number of uninsured Americans increases because of_. （ A） indifference of private employers （ B） economic decline （ C） negligence of Americans （ D）
9、 mass unemployment 2 According to Mary Sue Coleman, one way of keeping the number of insured Americans is _. （ A） reducing insurance cost （ B） raising employers salaries （ C） reducing taxes （ D） setting up a special fund 3 The first of the six reports, the chief objective of this report is to _. （ A
10、） find out who lack health insurance （ B） explain why certain groups of people lack health insurance （ C） determine the consequences from the lack of health insurance （ D） provide suggestions to address the health insurance issue 4 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
11、（ A） People who are not working are not usually covered by health insurance. （ B） The number of people covered by health insurance increased from 1999 to 2000. （ C） People over the age of 65 are all covered by health insurance. （ D） Most Americans mistakenly think that many of them are not health-in
12、sured. 5 It is implied in the last paragraph that _. （ A） eligibility for public insurance programs should be made stringent （ B） individuals should not be prohibited from buying their own health insurance （ C） 27% of the families have lost their insurance coverage due to economic slowdown （ D） publ
13、ic insurance programs can do little to correct the present situation 6 In the strong economy of the 1990s, increased premium is offered by_. （ A） government （ B） employers （ C） employees （ D） work units 7 What is the best title of the passage? （ A） Millions of Americans Lack Health Insurance. （ B） W
14、hy Many Americans Are Losing Their Insurance. （ C） How Economic Situation Affects Health Insurance. （ D） How Health Insurance Is Purchased. 7 It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for the most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always
15、 complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern way; that they are possessive and dominant; that they dont trust their children to deal with the crisis; that they talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child rel
16、ationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off f
17、rom adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture of society of their own. Then, it turns out that their music and entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents. This gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at leas
18、t in a small way, and they are leaders in style and taste. Sometimes you are resistant and proud because you dont want your parents to approve what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are an underdog: you cant
19、win but at least you can keep your honor. There is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you are completely under your patents control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control you
20、r life, cooperation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress your parents with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do. 8 The author is primaril
21、y addressing to _. （ A） newspaper readers （ B） teenagers （ C） parents of teenagers （ D） those who give advice to teenagers 9 The first paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents （ B） the dominance of the parents over their children （ C） the teenagers abil
22、ity to deal with crises （ D） the teenagers criticism of their parents 10 Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they _. （ A） have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste （ B） have no other way to enjoy themselves better （ C） want to irritate their parents （ D） want to
23、 show their existence by creating a culture of their own 11 Teenagers do not want their parents to approve of whatever they do because they _. （ A） feel that they are superior in a small way to the adults （ B） are not likely to win over the adults （ C） have already been accepted into the adult world
24、 （ D） have a desire to be independent 12 According to the author, which statement the passage DIDT refer to? （ A） Parents often underestimate their teenage children. （ B） Young people make their parents angry because of their choices in clothes and hairstyles. （ C） Young people want to communicate w
25、ith their parents. （ D） Teenagers dont want their parents to approve of what they do. 13 According to the author in what way teenagers can be given authority to do what they want to do? （ A） Wear special clothes. （ B） Create a culture and society of their own. （ C） Impress others with their sense of
26、 responsibility and initiative. （ D） Not under the parents control. 14 Whats the main idea of this passage? （ A） Parents should give more authorities to their children. （ B） Teenagers should listen to parents words. （ C） Teenagers want to get rid of their parents minds. （ D） Teenagers want to become
27、 different. 14 Rewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and preserve cultural values. In all cultures, parents must teach their children to avoid danger and to observe the communitys moral precepts. Adults also condition each others observa
28、nce of social norms, using methods ranging from mild forms of censure, such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark, to imprisoning or executing individuals for behavior considered deviant or dangerous. The caning of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore for vandalism in 1994
29、 brought wide media attention to cultural differences in the application of punishment. Faced with increasing violence at home, many Americans endorsed Singapores use of corporal punishment to maintain social order. Was Fays punishment effective? Whether he subsequently avoids vandalism is unknown,
30、but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singapore which he left promptly. The operant techniques societies use to maintain social control vary in part with the dangers and threats that confront them. The Gusii of Kenya, with a history of tribal warfare, face threats not only from
31、outsiders but also from natural forces, including wild animals. Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on rewards in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children. Caning, food deprivation, and withdrawing shelter and protection are common forms of punishment. In co
32、ntrast, the Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca, Mexico, are a highly cohesive community, with little internal conflict, and social norms that encourage cooperation. Their social patterns appear adaptive, for the Mixtecans are dominated by the nearby Spanish Mexicans, who control the official government and ma
33、ny economic resources in their region. The Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or jail sentences or use physical punishment to deter aggression in either adults or children. Rather, they tend to rely on soothing persuasion. Social ostracism is the most feared punishment, and social ties within t
34、he community are very strong, so responses that reinforce these ties are effective in maintaining social order. In the United States, fear of social ostracism or stigma was once a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior, especially in small communities. Today, even impris
35、onment does not appear to be an adequate deterrent to many forms of crime, especially violent crime. Although one reason is the inconsistent application of punishment, another may be the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the intense stigma it once had, so that prison is no longer as an effect
36、ive punishment. 15 The best title of this passage would be _. （ A） Crime and Punishment （ B） Reward and Punishment （ C） Social Order （ D） Two Case Studies: Gusii of Kenya and Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca 16 According to the passage, what is a universal cultural norm in maintaining social order? （ A） Chi
37、ldren must be obedient to their parents. （ B） People must publicly complain when someone misbehaves. （ C） People should do their parts to ensure that others comply with social rules. （ D） People should publicly humiliate the wrongdoers. 17 What can be inferred from the Michael Fay case? （ A） Many Am
38、ericans were opposed to the corporal punishment that Michael Fay received in Singapore. （ B） The American media did not pay any attention to cultural differences until 1994. （ C） The caning was effective because Michael Fay subsequently refrained from vandalism. （ D） Michael Fay left Singapore immed
39、iately after the caning punishment. 18 What is most likely to be the reason that Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment in conditioning their childrens social behavior? （ A） The Gusii face more danger and threat in their life. （ B） The Gusii are an uncivilized tribe. （ C） The Gusii parents pr
40、efer to treat their children cruelly. （ D） The Gusii parents thought reward useless. 19 According to this passage, which is the most severe method used in maintaining social order? （ A） Censure. （ B） Torture. （ C） Sentence of death. （ D） Imprisonment. 20 What would a Gusii mother from Kenya most lik
41、ely do to punish her children? （ A） To stop giving them pocket money. （ B） To persuade them in a gentle way. （ C） To verbally humiliate them. （ D） To threaten to expel them from the home. 21 The word “stigma“(Line 1, Para. 4)most probably means _. （ A） irony （ B） verbal abuse （ C） persuasion （ D） ba
42、d reputation 21 If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy wit
43、h their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosse
44、s. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone i
45、s very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“ came
46、the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor. “ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the cha
47、irmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If y
48、ou feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised ey
49、ebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. 22 To make your humor work, you should _. （ A） take advantage of different kinds of audience （ B） mak
