1、BFT阅读（综合）模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 一、 Part 3 0 What will it mean to know the complete human genome. Eric Lander of MITs Whitehead Institute compares it to the discovery of the periodic table of the elements in the late 1800s. “Genomics is now providing biologys periodic table. “ says Lander. “Scientists will kn
2、ow that every phenomenon must be explainable in terms of this measly list“ which will fit on a single CD-ROM. Already researchers are extracting DNA from patients, attaching fluorescent molecules and sprinkling the sample on a glass chip whose surface is speckled with 10,000 known genes. A laser rea
3、ds the fluorescence, which indicates which of the known genes on the chip are in the mystery sample from the patient. In only the last few months such “gene expression monitoring“ has diagnosed a muscle tumor in a boy thought to have leukemia, and distinguished between two kinds of cancer that requi
4、re very different chemotherapy. But decoding the book of life poses daunting moral dilemmas. With knowledge of our genetic code will come the power to reengineer the human species. Biologists will be able to use the genome as a parts list much as customers scour a list of china to replace broken pla
5、tes and may well let prospective parents choose their unborn childs traits. Scientists have solid leads on genes for different temperaments, body builds, statures and cognitive abilities. And if anyone still believes that parents will recoil at praying God, and leave their babys fate in the hands of
6、 nature recall that couples have already created a frenzied market in eggs from Ivy League women. Beyond the profound ethical issues are practical concerns. The easier it is to change ourselves and our children, the less society may tolerate those who do not; warns Lori Andrews of Kent College of La
7、w. If genetic tests in uterus predict mental dullness, obesity, short stature or other undesirable traits of the moment will society disparage children whose parents let them be born with those traits? Already, Andrews finds, some nurses and doctors blame parents for bringing into the world a child
8、whose birth defect was diagnosable before delivery; how long will it be before the same condemnation applies to cosmetic imperfections? An even greater concern is that well-intentioned choices by millions of individual parents-to-be could add up to unforeseen consequences for all of humankind. It ju
9、st so happens that some disease genes also confer resistance to disease: carrying a gene for sickle cell anemia, for instance, brings resistance to malaria. Are we smart enough, and wise enough, to know how knocking out “bad“ genes will affect our evolution as a species? 1 The main similarity betwee
10、n the biologys periodic table and the periodic table of the elements is _. （ A） they are both lists （ B） they can be used to explain every phenomenon in their own fields （ C） they can be used to diagnose diseases （ D） they are both used to cure diseases 2 In the second paragraph, “the book of life“
11、refers to _. （ A） a book written by a prophet （ B） a book written by a biologist （ C） the periodic table of the elements （ D） the human genome 3 We can infer that some couples are eager to get eggs from Ivy league women because _. （ A） they cant give birth to children （ B） they want to have a good-l
12、ooking child （ C） they want to have a clever child （ D） curiosity drives them to do that 4 What is mainly discussed in the passage? （ A） The biologys periodic table. （ B） The possible influence of decoding human genome on humans life. （ C） Moral dilemmas posed by decoding human genome. （ D） Gene exp
13、ression monitoring. 5 What result might it lead to for all of humankind when parents could choose their unborn childs traits in the future? （ A） Desirable. （ B） Perfect. （ C） Unpredictable. （ D） Immoral. 6 It can be learned from the passage that _. （ A） gene expression monitoring is helpful in curin
14、g diseases （ B） all of the disease genes are harmful to human beings （ C） short people may be more looked down upon in future （ D） scientists are encouraged to do research on human genome 7 The authors attitude towards knowing the complete human genome can be described as _. （ A） critical （ B） objec
15、tive （ C） positive （ D） indifferent 7 The Planning Commission asserts that the needed reduction in acute care hospital beds can best be accomplished by closing the smaller hospitals, mainly voluntary and proprietary. This strategy follows from the argument that closing entire institutions saves more
16、 money than closing the equivalent number of beds scattered throughout the health system. The issue is not that simple. Larger hospitals generally are designed to provide more complex care. Routine care at large hospitals costs more than the same care given at smaller hospitals. Therefore, closure o
17、f all the small hospitals would commit the city to paying considerably more for in-patient care delivered at acute care hospitals than would be the case with a mixture of large and small institutions. Since reimbursement rates at the large hospitals are now based on total costs, paying the large ins
18、titutions a lower rate for routine care would simply raise the rates for complex care by a comparable amount. Such a reimbursement rate adjustment might make the charges for each individual case more accurately reflect the actual costs, but there would be no reduction in total costs. There is some e
19、vidence that giant hospitals are not the most efficient. Service organizations and medical care remains largely a service industry frequently find that savings of scale have an upper limit. Similarly, the quality of routine care in the very largest hospitals appears to be less than optimum. Also, th
20、e concentration of all hospital beds in a few locations may affect the access to care. Thus, simply closing the smaller hospitals will not necessarily save money or improve the quality of care. Since the fact remains that there are too many acute care hospital beds in the city, the problem is to dev
21、ise a proper strategy for selecting and urging the closure of the excess beds. However many it may turn out to be. The closing of whole buildings within large medical centers has many of the cost advantages of closing the whole of smaller institutions, because the fixed costs can also be reduced in
22、such cases. Unfortunately, many of the separate buildings at medical centers are special-use facilities. The relocation of which is extremely costly. Still a search should be made for such opportunities. The current lack of adequate ambulatory care facilities raises another possibility. Some floors
23、or other large compact areas of hospital could be transferred from in-patient to ambulatory uses. Reimbursement of ambulatory services is chaotic, but the problem is being addressed. The overhead associated with the entire hospital should not be charged even pro rate to the ambulatory facilities. Ev
24、en if it were, the total cost would probably be less than that of building a new facility. Many other issues would also need study, especially the potential overcentralization of ambulatory services. The Planning Commission language seems to imply that one reason for closing smaller hospitals is tha
25、t they are “mainly voluntary and proprietary“. Thus, preserving the public hospital system by making the rest of the hospital system absorb the needed cuts. It is important and not hidden behind arguments about hospital size. If indeed that was the meaning. 8 The best title for this passage would be
26、 _. （ A） The Issue of Planning Commission （ B） Methods of Selecting Hospital Beds to Be Closed （ C） Protecting the Proprietary and Voluntary Hospitals （ D） Economic Efficiency in Hospital Bed Closings 9 The Planning Commission is accused by the author of being _. （ A） unfair （ B） racist （ C） foolish
27、 （ D） shortsighted 10 On the subject of the number of hospital beds the author _. （ A） is in complete agreement with the Planning Commission （ B） wishes to see large numbers of beds closed （ C） is unsure of the number of excess beds there really are （ D） wishes to forestall the closing to any more h
28、ospital beds 11 All of the following statements are reasons the author opposes the Planning Commissions recommendation EXCEPT _. （ A） service industries have an upper limit for savings of scale （ B） public hospitals have a unique contribution to make and should not be closed （ C） the smaller hospita
29、ls recommended for closure provide services more cheaply than larger hospitals （ D） hospitals are service organizations 12 With which of the following would the author probably NOT agree? （ A） Large medical centers provide better and much complex care than smaller hospitals do. （ B） Reimbursement ra
30、tes do not necessarily reflect the actual costs of providing medical care to a given patient. （ C） Patients needing only routine medical care can often be distinguished from those requiring complex care prior to hospitalization. （ D） Access to medical care is an important issue. 13 The authors purpo
31、se in discussing ambulatory care is to _. （ A） discuss alternatives to closing hospital beds （ B） present a method or reducing the fiscal disadvantages ages or closing only parts of large hospitals （ C） attack the inefficient use of space in larger hospitals （ D） show another opportunity for saving
32、money 14 How does the author feel that his suggestions for closing in-patient beds could impact on the ambulatory care system? （ A） A reduction of hospital beds will increase the demand for ambulatory services. （ B） Small hospitals will have to cut back ambulatory services to stay fiscally viable. （
33、 C） The use as ambulatory facilities of the space made available in large hospitals by bed closings might result in having too many ambulatory services based in large hospitals. （ D） Ambulatory care costs will probably reduced. 14 Recently, a man who was always in good health, spent a week in bed wi
34、th severe flu. It was the worst illness in his life. The previous week, he and his wife separated. It seems his unusual ill health was connected with how badly he was feeling. Humans have long been aware that our health is linked with our thought, emotions and relationships. Now science is catching
35、up with our intuition. A new field of scientific investigation has developed. The name for this new field is: psychoneuroimmunology(psycho = mind, neuro = nerves, and immuno = to do with the bodys immune system). Simply put, its the study of how our thoughts and feelings work with our immune and ner
36、vous systems. It is a recognition that how people feel about their lives should also be a part of traditional medical science. There are already researchers at medical schools who are devoted to the study of psychoneuroimmunology. They are discovering surprising connections between mind and body. Th
37、is is some of what they have discovered and it is something we can try for ourselves. Disclosing our painful feelings by writing about them is good for our health. When we write about personal, painful things that have happened to us, or are happening to us, there is an increase in the activity of o
38、ur immune systems. Our body is more able to make antibodies(those cells that help keep us healthy)when we acknowledge the emotional pain in our lives. More antibodies mean more protection for our bodies. Keeping negative feelings inside us is bad for our health. One researcher has been working with
39、breast cancer patients. She has been looking at the psychological factors in their illness and treatment. She has discovered that women who did not like to talk about the emotions created by their illness had more chance of dying in under five years after treatment. Of a group of 52 patients, 16 wom
40、en died. All 16 women had said they usually found it difficult to talk to people about their illness. So, simply speaking, it is bad for our health to keep negative feelings inside us. We need to talk about them to our family and friends. Getting rid of stress is an answer to remaining healthy. Othe
41、r research shows that stress really can make us sick. People who lead stressful lives are more likely to fall ill with colds and flus and other illnesses. But, if we have lots of good quality relationships with family and friends in our life, then we are less likely to fall ill, even though the circ
42、umstances of our life might be difficult. Having a strong sense of self-identity keeps our body strong and healthy. The researchers also say that if we have a clear idea of who we are and what gives meaning to our life(that is, if we have a strong self-identity), then our body has a better chance of
43、 protecting itself. Talking about what is happening to us will make us feel better. Doctors are now changing the way they treat their patients. They are spending more time listening to the stories the patients tell about what is happening in their life. This time spent listening to the patient may b
44、e even more important than the time spent examining the patient and giving them drugs. So, if we think we are getting sick, why dont we find a friend and spend some time talking about our feelings and emotions. We might find that the next day we wake up feeling much better. 15 According to the autho
45、r, the man mentioned in the first paragraph got ill because _. （ A） he is not a healthy man （ B） his bad feeling influenced his health （ C） his wife separated with him （ D） flu is easy to be developed 16 In the second paragraph, the word “psychoneuroimmunology“ means _. （ A） the study of psychology
46、（ B） the study of immune and nervous system （ C） the study of how our thoughts and feelings work with our immune and nervous systems （ D） the study of the relationship between immune and nervous system 17 The author cites the treatment of 52 breast cancer patients to explain _. （ A） how to treat bre
47、ast cancer effectively （ B） the death rate of breast cancer （ C） why women develop breast cancer （ D） the harm of keeping negative feelings inside 18 Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in this passage? （ A） Relaxing is helpful for ones health. （ B） Writing down our painful feeling is
48、 good for our health. （ C） Regular exercise is helpful in keeping a strong body. （ D） Keeping good social relationships is good for our health. 19 Disclosing our painful feelings by writing about them is good for our health because _. （ A） the emotional burden has been got rid of （ B） the immune sys
49、tems will become more active （ C） writing is a good physical exercise （ D） writing will make one cheer up 20 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. （ A） doctors will not give patients medicine in the treating process （ B） its not necessary to go to the hospital when one is ill （ C） talking about ones feelings and emotions is a helpful alternative in curing diseases （ D） friends are important in ones life 21 This passage is about _. （ A） why people fall ill （ B） the influence o
