1、BFT（阅读）模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 Part 1 0 Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(AH)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Sleeping in Space A voyage to Mars would take about eight months on a
2、modern spaceship. That might seem like a great opportunity to catch up on your sleep. 【 R1】 _ “If we at some point really want to go to Mars and we want to send humans, then we need to know how they will cope,“ Mathias Basner told Science News. He is a sleep researcher at the University of Pennsylva
3、nias Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia. 【 R2】 _ Their experiment was like a long-running game of make-believe: Six men spent 520 days a little more than 74 weeks on a pretend voyage to Mars. In fact, the crew spent the entire time confined inside a small, windowless capsule in Moscow, Russ
4、ia. 【 R3】 _ During their “trip,“ the travelers pretended to land on Mars and to carry out science tests. Throughout the pretend trip, other scientists collected data on the travelers. 【 R4】 _Once every minute, that device recorded the mans motions. From these data, Basners team found that the volunt
5、eers were less active and slept more as the pretend mission continued. During the last 18.5 weeks of the trial, most participants were sleeping more each day than they had during the first 18.5 weeks. 【 R5】 _One mans natural sleep cycle shifted from a roughly 24-hour day to almost 25 hours long.(By
6、coincidence, that time is closer to the length of a day on Mars.)This meant that he was sometimes awake when his crew members were asleep, and vice versa.【 R6】 _Tests showed that he became less alert. Messing with sleep can have serious consequences, says Jeffrey Sutton.【 R7】_He also directs the Cen
7、ter for Space Medicine at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. “When you are doing high-risk behavior in space, a performance deficit can be life threatening, he told Science News. The decrease in activity found by Basners team could also prove problematic in space, says Sutton. 【 R8】 _ A Hes
8、a doctor and scientist who worked on the study. B Another one of the six pretend travelers slept less over time. C His team published its new findings in early January. D Each participant wore a device on his wrist. E Astronauts may need to increase their exercise to stay healthy. F But a recent exp
9、eriment finds that people may develop sleep problems on a long space journey or at least on the pretend trip in these tests. G Four of the men also developed sleep problems. H The goal of this trial: to learn how people would cope with living in close quarters during travel to and from the Red Plane
10、t. 1 【 R1】 2 【 R2】 3 【 R3】 4 【 R4】 5 【 R5】 6 【 R6】 7 【 R7】 8 【 R8】 二、 Part 2 8 Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18. 1. The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing advice to the poor countries that they restrain their birthrates. However, there has hardly been a year since
11、 1957 in which birthrates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children
12、of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples. 2. It is true the American dont typically plan their birth to set an example for developing nations. They are more affected by womens liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid job and careers available, they are les
13、s willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marit
14、al breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone. 3. These circumstances women working outside the home and the instability of marriage tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes
15、 social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 4. Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the food harvest of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the
16、 cities of developing nations struggling under the weight of twice present population by the year 2000. 5. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the worl
17、d. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspirations will exceed resources. All this will lead to population in the 21st century smaller than was feared years ago. For those anxious to see the population brought under control, the news is encouraging. Questions 9-13 For questions
18、 913, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(15), mark one letter(AG)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. The factors bringing down the birthrate in Europe. B. Womens liberation affects the birthrate. C. Birthrate in US raised after the war.
19、 D. Bringing population under control is possible. E. The birthrate in United States is low. F. Food shortage and urbanization brought population under control. G. The reasons that low-birthrate involved. 9 Paragraph 1: _ 10 Paragraph 2: _ 11 Paragraph 3: _ 12 Paragraph 4: _ 13 Paragraph 5: _ 13 Usi
20、ng the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18, with a word or phrase from the list below. For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(AG)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. A. peoples desire to seek fortune in cities B. lack of food C. was falling D. in stable marriage E.
21、 not a serious problem as expected F. womens desire for independence G. womens improved status 14 During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birthrate of the United States_. 15 What influences the birthrate most in the United States is_. 16 The chief factor in bringing down the birthrate in Europe in t
22、he 19th century is_. 17 Bringing population under control in the 21st century is_. 18 Presently the stable population of rich countries is due to_. 三、 Part 3 18 Read the following passage and answer questions 1925. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on th
23、e Answer Sheet. Training must have purpose, which is defined a firm analyses of its training needs. A review of manpower planning should include a training analysis, which looks carefully at the training at the point of view of the company, its various department and personnel. This may show the wea
24、knesses existing in some departments and that, as a result, training is needed for their staff. Training needs are based on an analysis of the job description and job specification. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a specific job, and job specifications s
25、hould give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected by an employee who works in it. When all of these have been collected, it is possible to begin the training. This specifies what the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also th
26、e best methods to use in the training period. There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages to all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently sai
27、d that learning about skills take place “off the job“ in the classroom; but in training in using these skills take place “on the job“ by means of such activities as job rotation and planned experience. It is always difficult to evaluate the cost and savings of a training program. The success of such
28、 program depends not only on the methods but also on the quality of the staff that do the training. A company can often check on saving in time and cost by examine the manual work performed by operators and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management and a supervi
29、sory training is much more complex than that. In order to test the result of management and supervisory training, many companies have looked at such things as the number of management and supervisory staff who leave their employment and the number who stay away from the work for the reason of health
30、. 19 According to the passage, an analysis of training needs is based on _. （ A） the performance required for a general job （ B） the work knowledge and skills expected in a person （ C） the costs and savings of a training program （ D） both the performance and knowledge and skills expected in a job 20
31、 From the passage, we learn that “training in using them“ take place _. （ A） in the classroom （ B） in the laboratory （ C） on the job （ D） at the training department 21 According to the passage, if a company wants to achieve a successful staff training, they have to _. （ A） have a certain purpose （ B
32、） understand the difference between learning skills and training in using them （ C） train specification （ D） give details of the performance 22 The main idea of the third paragraph is _. （ A） different training methods （ B） how to train work staff successfully （ C） how to chose the training method （
33、 D） the content of training 23 If a company wants to evaluate the costs of a training program, the two things it has to know are _. （ A） the training methods used and the staff who do the training （ B） checking on the saving in time regularly （ C） examination of the manual work performed （ D） evalua
34、tion of the management and supervisory training 24 If a company wants to make it possible to make a training specification, it should _. （ A） know successful performance of the job （ B） make it clear the best methods to use （ C） collect job descriptions and job specifications （ D） have proper behavi
35、or, knowledge and skills 25 The best title of this passage is _. （ A） Staff Training （ B） How to Give a Staff Training （ C） Staff Training Cost Evaluation （ D） Way of Staff Training 四、 Part 4 25 Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each space. For questions 2645, mark one let
36、ter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet. Both【 C1】 _and zoology are parts of a more general field of science, biology. The two are studies of【 C2】 _things, which share certain characteristics,【 C3】_they are plants or animals. Botany deals with plants, whose organisms that can【 C4】 _their own food by th
37、e use of sunlight. Zoology on【 C5】 _hand, deals with animals, those organisms that cannot manufacture their own food and are thus dependent【 C6】 _plants for their food. 【 C7】 _plants and animals share many abilities, the extent【 C8】 _which plants can exercise some of those abilities is【 C9】 _. For e
38、xample, both plants and animals need food, water, and warmth for growth,【 C10】 _plants can move to【 C11】 _those needs only by the slow extraction of their leaves and roots, while animals can move relatively【 C12】 _distances in relatively little time. When an animal is hurt with needle, the animal wi
39、ll【 C13】 _the part of the body【 C14】_. This ability to draw back【 C15】 _pain or irritation, called irritability, is found only to a very limited extent in plants. If plants【 C16】 _the same【 C17】 _as animals, animals would have had a more difficult time finding food. If animals were as limited as pla
40、nts, they might【 C18】 _a means of manufacturing their own food, as plants do now. The world would be a very different place【 C19】 _it is if the characteristics of plants and animals were【 C20】 _. 26 【 C1】 （ A） biology （ B） botany （ C） chemistry （ D） mathematics 27 【 C2】 （ A） livable （ B） alive （ C）
41、living （ D） lively 28 【 C3】 （ A） whether （ B） and （ C） both （ D） all 29 【 C4】 （ A） sustain （ B） waste （ C） consume （ D） manufacture 30 【 C5】 （ A） other （ B） the other （ C） another （ D） each other 31 【 C6】 （ A） on （ B） in （ C） at （ D） with 32 【 C7】 （ A） But （ B） Although （ C） And （ D） Furthermore 33
42、【 C8】 （ A） in （ B） to （ C） with （ D） on 34 【 C9】 （ A） definite （ B） indefinite （ C） limited （ D） unlimited 35 【 C10】 （ A） because （ B） therefore （ C） but （ D） and 36 【 C11】 （ A） acquire （ B） require （ C） admit （ D） constitute 37 【 C12】 （ A） many （ B） little （ C） large （ D） small 38 【 C13】 （ A） share
43、 （ B） achieve （ C） extend （ D） withdraw 39 【 C14】 （ A） been hurt （ B） hurt （ C） being hurt （ D） have hurt 40 【 C15】 （ A） out （ B） from （ C） in （ D） to 41 【 C16】 （ A） have （ B） would have （ C） will have （ D） had 42 【 C17】 （ A） mobility （ B） approach （ C） stake （ D） organ 43 【 C18】 （ A） evolve （ B） ha
44、ve evolved （ C） be evolved （ D） be evolving 44 【 C19】 （ A） than （ B） what （ C） which （ D） that 45 【 C20】 （ A） re-examined （ B） revised （ C） reversed （ D） reviewed BFT（阅读）模拟试卷 14答案与解析 一、 Part 1 1 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 空格的前两句说的是去往火星的旅程需要 8个月，好像是一个补充睡眠的好机会。而本文后面提到在一个模拟去火星的旅程中，实验者出现了睡眠问题，因此，此处选择带有转折标志的 F句 (最近
45、的实验表明，长时间的太空旅行会导致睡眠问题 )，这样在第一段就完整地表达了本文的观点。 2 【正 确答案】 C 【试题解析】 空格处需要填对研究人员 Mathias Basner的介绍。 A句和 C句都可以作为介绍的句子。但是空格前句已经说明了 Basner是睡眠研究者，并且下一个自然段以 “他们的研究 ”开始。 C句符合上下文的逻辑。 3 【正确答案】 H 【试题解析】 本段介绍了模拟去火星的实验，包括实验开展的时间、参与人数和方式， H句介绍本次实验的目的，故选此项。 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 在空格后有一个指示代词 that，说的是刚刚提到的那个装置能够记录参与实验者的运动。于
46、是 选择带有 device的 D句： “每一名被试都在腕部戴一个装置，用于记录他们的运动 ”。 5 【正确答案】 G 【试题解析】 空格后面一句说的是某个被试者所产生的睡眠问题，选择 G句，除了第五自然段中提到的被试者出现了比平时睡眠增多的现象之外，六名被试者中，四名被试者也产生了睡眠问题。 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 空格处需要填写除了之前提到的四名被试者之外，另一名被试者睡眠不足。空格后是睡眠不足导致的后果，即变得没有以前活泼。除此之外，空格后面的句子提到 “he”，即是 “another one of the six pretend travelers”。 7 【正确答案】 A
47、【试题解析】 介绍了这个模拟太空旅行的睡眠研究之后，此处空格是对 Jeffrey Sutton的介绍，他是这个研究领域的科学家。另外，通过空格后面的一句， Sutton这个人同时负责太空药品中心，可以推断出空格所填的句子的主语仍是 Sutton。 8 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 空格前句中， Sutton表明了自己的担心，太空旅行模拟实验中出现被试者睡眠不足、不活跃会在实际的太空中出现问题。于是， E句提 到的宇航员需要加强锻炼并保持健康， E句作为结尾十分自然。 二、 Part 2 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 1段第 1句点明主题： “战后人口出生率增长避免了美国人口的负增长
48、。 ”这说明美国的人口一直是负增长，战后才有所回升，因此答案是 C。 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第 2段主要讲影响美国人口出生率的主要因素是妇女解放思想，因此答案是 B。 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此段的两句话是讲欧洲人口下降的主要原因，因此选 A。 12 【正确答案】 F 【试 题解析】 由第 4段： “1976年与 1977年储存的粮食消费之后就会有另一场饥荒，和城市化一起使人口控制成为一种可能 ”可知，答案是 F。 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 参照原文中心句即最后一句： “以上提到的所有因素都使人口下降，这对希望控制人口的人来说无疑是一个福音。 ”因此答
49、案是 D。 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 参照第 1段第 3句： “However,there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birthrates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries， and in 1976 the fallwas especially sharp ”意思是在美国和一些富有国家从 1957年以来人口出生率几乎逐年下降，尤其在 1976年，出生率骤然下降。因此答案是 C。 15 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 参照第 2段第 2句： “We are more affected by women
