1、GMAT（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 24及答案与解析 0 As the economic role of multinational, global corporations expands, the international economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by govern- ments or international institutions, but by the interaction between governments and global corporations, especially in
2、the United States, Europe, and Japan. A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional trading blocs of nations, which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading system. Two examples of this trend are the United States- Canada Free Trade Agre
3、ement(FTA)and Europe 1992, the move by the European Community(EC)to dismantle impediments to the free flow of goods, services, capital, and labor among member states by the end of 1992. However, although numerous political and economic factors were operative in launching the move to integrate the EC
4、s markets, concern about pro- tectionism within the EC does not appear to have been a major consideration. This is in sharp contrast to the FTA, the overwhelming reason for that bilateral initiative was fear of increasing United States protectionism. Nonetheless, although markedly different in origi
5、n and nature, both regional developments are highly significant in that they will foster integration in the two largest and richest markets of the world, as well as provoke questions about the future direction of the world trading system. 1 The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to （ A） de
6、scribe an initiative and propose its continuance. （ B） chronicle a development and illustrate its inconsistencies. （ C） identify a trend and suggest its importance. （ D） summarize a process and question its significance. （ E） report a phenomenon and outline its probable future. 2 According to the pa
7、ssage, all of the following are elements of the shifting world economy EXCEPT （ A） an alteration in the role played by governments. （ B） an increase in interaction between national governments and international regulatory institutions. （ C） an increase in the formation of multi-national trading alli
8、ances. （ D） an increase in integration in the two richest markets of the world. （ E） a fear of increasing United States protectionism. 3 The passage suggests which of the following about global corporations? （ A） Their continued growth depends on the existence of a fully integrated international mar
9、ket. （ B） Their potential effect on the world market is a matter of ongoing concern to international institutions. （ C） They will have to assume quasi-governmental functions if current economic trends continue. （ D） They have provided a model of economic success for regional trading blocs. （ E） Thei
10、r influence on world economics will continue to increase. 4 According to the passage, one similarity between the FTA and Europe 1992 is that they both （ A） overcame concerns about the role of politics in the shifting world economy. （ B） originated out of concern over unfair trade practices by other
11、nations. （ C） exemplify a trend toward regionaliza-tion of commercial markets. （ D） place the economic needs of the trading bloc ahead of those of the member nations. （ E） help to ensure the continued economic viability of the world community. 5 Which of the following can be inferred from the passag
12、e about the European Community prior to the adoption of the Europe 1992 program? （ A） There were restrictions on commerce between the member nations. （ B） The economic policies of the member nations focused on global trading issues. （ C） There were few impediments to trade between the member nations
13、 and the United States. （ D） The flow of goods between the member nations and Canada was insignificant. （ E） Relations between multinational corporations and the governments of the member nations were strained. 6 The author discusses the FTA and Europe 1992 most likely in order to （ A） point out the
14、 similarities between two seemingly disparate trading alliances. （ B） illustrate how different economic motivations produce different types of trading blocs. （ C） provide contrasting examples of a trend that is influencing the world economy. （ D） identify the most important characteristics of succes
15、sful economic integration. （ E） trace the history of regional trading blocs. 7 Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? （ A） An argument is put forth and evidence for and against it given. （ B） An assertion is made and opposing evidence presented. （ C） Two hypotheses ar
16、e described and shown to inconsistent with one another. （ D） A phenomenon is identified and illustrations of this phenomenon offered. （ E） A specific case of a phenomenon is discussed a generalization drawn. 7 In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool indu
17、stry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled arti- sans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machin- ists wielded in the industry was intolerable t
18、o management. Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of “ de-skilling “ the use of technology to replace skilled laboi to the automation of the machine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digital
19、ized “ numerical-control“ (N/C) technolo- gy, rather than to artisan-generated “record-playback“(R/P)technology. Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowl- edgment of workers skills: unlike N/ C, its programs were produced not by en
20、gineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to “teach“ machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble s only evidence of conspiracy is that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he con- c
21、ludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it, but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor. 8 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with （ A） reexamining a political position and defending its validity.
22、 （ B） examining a management decision and defending its necessity. （ C） analyzing a scholarly study and pointing out a central weakness. （ D） explaining a trend in automation and warning about its dangers. （ E） chronicling the history of an industry and criticizing its development. 9 According to in
23、formation in the passage, the term “de-skilling“ refers to the （ A） loss of skills to industry when skilled workers are replaced by unskilled laborers. （ B） substitution of mechanized processes for labor formerly performed by skilled workers. （ C） labor theory that automation is technologically comp
24、arable to skilled labor. （ D） process by which skilled machinists “teach“ machines to perform certain tasks. （ E） exclusion of skilled workers from participation in the development of automated technology. 10 Which of the following best characterizes the function of the second paragraph of the passa
25、ge? （ A） It develops a topic introduced in the first paragraph. （ B） It provides evidence to refute a claim presented in the first paragraph. （ C） It gives examples of a phenomenon mentioned in the first paragraph. （ D） It presents a generalization about examples given in the first paragraph. （ E） I
26、t suggests two possible solutions to a problem presented in the first paragraph. 11 The passage suggests which of the following about N/C automation in the machine-tool industry? （ A） It displaced fewer skilled workers than R/P automation did. （ B） It could have been implemented either by experience
27、d machinists or by computer engineers. （ C） It was designed without the active involvement skilled machinists. （ D） It was more difficult to design than R/P automation was. （ E） It was technically superior to R/P automation. 12 Which of the following phrases most clearly reveals the attitude of the
28、author of the passage toward Noble s central argument? （ A） conspired against(line 8) （ B） intolerable to management (lines 10-11) （ C） impressive when he applies the Marxist concept(lines 13- 14) （ D） clearly prefers(lines 23-24) （ E） only evidence of conspiracy(line 31) 13 The author of the passag
29、e commends Noble s book for which of the following? （ A） Concentrating on skilled as opposed to unskilled workers in its discussion of the machine-tool industry. （ B） Offering a generalization about the motives behind the machine-tool industrys decision to automate. （ C） Making an essential distinct
30、ion between two kinds of technology employed in the machine-tool industry. （ D） Calling into question the notion that managers conspired against labor in the automation of the machine-tool industry . （ E） Applying the concept of de-skilling to the machine-tool industry. 14 Which of the following bes
31、t characterizes Forces of Production as it is described in the passage? （ A） A comparison of two interpretations of how a particular industry evolved. （ B） An examination of the origin of a particular concept in industrial economics. （ C） A study that points out the weakness of a particular interpre
32、tation of an industrial phenomenon. （ D） A history of a particular industry from an ideological point of view. （ E） An attempt to relate an industrial phenomenon in one industry to a similar phenomenon in another industry. 14 The sensation of pain cannot accurately be described as “located“ at the p
33、oint of an injury, or, for that matter, in any one place in the nerves or brain. Rather, pain signalsand pain relief are delivered through a highly complex interacting circuitry. When a cell is injured, a rush of prostaglandin s sensitizes nerve endings at the injury. Prostaglandins are chemicals pr
34、oduced in and released from virtually all mammalian cells when they are injured: these are the only pain signals that do not originate in the nervous sys- tern. Aspirin and other similar drugs(such as indomethacin and ibuprofen)keep prostaglandins from being made by interfering with an enzyme known
35、as prostaglandin synthetase, or cyclooxy- genase. The drugs effectiveness against pain is proportional to their success in blocking this enzyme at the site of injury. From nerve endings at the injury, pain signals move to nerves feeding into the spinal cord. The long, tubular membranes of nerve cell
36、s carry electrical impulses. When electrical impulses get to the spinal cord, a pain-signaling chemical known as substance P is released there. Substance P then excites nearby neurons to send impulses to the brain. Local anesthetics such as novo-caine and xylocaine work by blocking the electrical tr
37、ansmission along nerves in a particular area. They inhibit the flow of sodium ions through the membranes, making the nerves electrically quiescent; thus no pain signals are sent to the spinal cord or to the brain. Recent discoveries in the study of pain have involved the brain itself the supervising
38、 organ that notices pain signals and that sends messages down to the spinal cord to regulate incoming pain traffic. Endorphins- the brain s own morphine are a class of small peptides that help to block pain signals within the brain itself. The presence of endor- phins may also help to explain differ
39、ences in response to pain signals, since individuals seem to differ in their ability to produce endorphins. It now appears that a number of techniques for blocking chronic pain such as acupuncture and electrical stimulation of the central brain stem involve the release of endorphins in the brain and
40、 spinal cord. 15 The passage is primarily concerned with （ A） analyzing ways that enzymes and other chemicals influence how the body feels pain. （ B） describing the presence of endorphins in the brain and discussing ways the body blocks pain within the brain itself. （ C） describing how pain signals
41、are conveyed in the body and discussing ways in which the pain signals can be blocked. （ D） demonstrating that pain can be influenced by acupuncture and electrical stimulation of the central brain stem. （ E） differentiating the kinds of pain that occur at different points in the body s nervous syste
42、m. 16 According to the passage, which of the following is one of the first things to occur when cells are injured? （ A） The flow of electrical impulses through nerve cells at the site of the injury is broken. （ B） The production of substance P traveling through nerve cells to the brain increases. （
43、C） Endorphins begin to speed up the response of nerve cells at the site of the injury. （ D） A flood of prostaglandins sensitizes nerve endings at the site of the injury. （ E） Nerve cells connected to the spinal cord become electrically quiescent. 17 Of the following, which is most likely attributabl
44、e to the effect of endorphins as described in the passage? （ A） After an injection of novocaine, a patient has no feeling in the area where the injection was given. （ B） After taking ibuprofen, a person with a headache gets quick relief. （ C） After receiving a local anesthetic, an injured person rep
45、orts relief in the anesthetized area. （ D） After being given aspirin, a child with a badly scraped elbow feels better. （ E） After acupuncture, a patient with chronic back pain reports that the pain is much less severe. 18 It can be inferred from the passage that if the prostaglandin synthetase is on
46、ly partially blocked, which of the following is likely to be true? （ A） Some endorphins will be produced, and some pain signals will be intensified. （ B） Some substance P is likely to be produced , so some pain signals will reach the brain. （ C） Some sodium ions will be blocked, so some pain signals
47、 will not reach the brain. （ D） Some prostaglandins will be produced, but production of substance P will be prevented. （ E） Some peptides in the brain will receive pain signals and begin to regulate incoming pain traffic. GMAT（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 24答案与解析 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 主题类型： A “propose its continuance
48、”从原文看不出。B “chronicle a development”无。 C正确。确认一潮流，并指出其重要性。符合本文，此潮流即 L913所述。重要性在最后阐明。 D “question its significance”无。 E易混。报道一现象 (对 )，并指出其将来的特点 (无 )。 outline：给出某物的主要轮廓、特点。 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 以下哪一个不是变化中的世界经济的特点 ?A政府职能的转变，见文章 L27。 B正确。国家政府和国际组织合作的增加。原文 L27明确指出，如今此两者的作用下降。 C多 国经济集团形成。原文 L27。 D两大最富市场的融合。见 L3
49、338。 E对美国保护主义的担心。见 L2830。 3 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 关于全球性公司的观点： A其持续增长依赖于统一的国际市场。情理中对，原文无。 B其对世界市场的影响，是国际组织一直考虑的问题。无。C当前潮流若继续，它们将发挥准政府作用。无。 D为地区贸易集团提供一样板。无。原文两者同为当今世界经济的趋势。 E正确。对世界经济的影响会持续增多。见原文 L1一 8。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据原文 ， FTA和 “欧洲 1992”的一个共同点是： A克服了对政治在不断变化的世界经济情况中的作用的关切。文中无，实际上这两个运动也都离不开政治的影响。 B起源于对其他国家不公正贸易的关切。据文 L2730，只有 FTA有此担心。 C正确。代表了商业市场区域化的潮流。原文 FTA和 “欧洲1992”都是为了证明 L913的观点而举的例子。 D将联盟的利益置于成员国利益之上。无。 E能保证世界共同体持续经济变化。无。 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从文中可推断出，欧洲 1992运动实施之前有何情况 ?实施之前的 情况，将此运动的目标取非即可。 A正确。成员国之间贸易存在限制。 B、 C、D、 E均不合原文论述。 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解
