1、GMAT（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 27及答案与解析 0 Historians of womens labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily b
2、ecause it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women s work“ in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less pro- found than expected, for not even industria
3、l wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace. To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocatio
4、n is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying womens employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the
5、new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that
6、 womens “real“ aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be per- ceived as “female. “ More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twe
7、ntieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as “female,“ employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources ful
8、ly, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the “male“ jobs that women had been permitted to master. 1 According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was （ A） greatly d
9、iminished by labor mobilization during the Second World War. （ B） perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women s employment in wage labor. （ C） one means by which women achieved greater job security. （ D） reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantage
10、s were obvious. （ E） a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry. 2 According to the passage, historians of women s labor focused on factory work as a more promising area of research than service-sector work because factory work （ A） involved the payment of higher wages. （ B） req
11、uired skill in detailed tasks. （ C） was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregation. （ D） was more readily accepted by women than by men. （ E） fitted the economic dynamic of industrialism belter. 3 It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women s labor in the United State
12、s paid little attention to womens employment in the service sector of the economy because （ A） the extreme variety of these occupations made it very difficult to assemble meaningful statistics about them. （ B） fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory work. （ C） the wages pa
13、id to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sector. （ D） womens employment in the service sector tended to be much more short-term than in factory work. （ E） employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with
14、homemaking. 4 The passage supports which of the following statements about the early mill owners mentioned in the second paragraph? （ A） They hoped that by creating relatively unattractive “female“ jobs they would discourage women from losing interest in marriage and family life. （ B） They sought to
15、 increase the size of the available labor force as a means to keep mens to keep mens wages low. （ C） They argued that women were inherently suited to do well in particular kinds of factory work. （ D） They thought that factory work bettered the condition of women by emancipating them from dependence
16、on income earned by men. （ E） They felt guilty about disturbing the traditional division of labor in family. 5 It can be inferred from the passage that the “ unfinished revolution“ the author mentions in lines 18-19 refers to the （ A） entry of women into the industrial labor market. （ B） recognition
17、 that work done by women as homemakers should be compensated at rates comparable to those prevailing in the service sector of the economy. （ C） development of a new definition of femininity unrelated to the economic forces of industrialism. （ D） introduction of equal pay for equal work in all profes
18、sions. （ E） emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation. 6 The passage supports which of the following statements about hiring policies in the United States? （ A） After a crisis many formerly “male“ jobs are reclassified as “female“ jobs. （ B） Industrial employers genera
19、lly prefer to hire women with previous experience as homemakers. （ C） Post-Second World War hiring policies caused women to lose many of their wartime gains in employment opportunity. （ D） Even war industries during the Second World War were reluctant to hire women for factory work. （ E） The service
20、 sector of the economy has proved more nearly gender-blind in its hiring policies than has the manufacturing sector. 7 Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passage concerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks? （ A）
21、 patient(line 29) （ B） repetitive(line 30) （ C） hoary(line 32) （ D） homemaking(line 33) （ E） purview(line 34) 8 Which of the following best describes the relationship of the final paragraph to the passage as a whole? （ A） The central idea is reinforced by the citation of evidence drawn from twentiet
22、h-century history. （ B） The central idea is restated in such a way as to form a transition to a new topic for discussion. （ C） The central idea is restated and juxtaposed with evidence that might appear to contradict it. （ D） A partial exception to the generalizations of the central idea is dismisse
23、d as unimportant. （ E） Recent history is cited to suggest that the central ideas validity is gradually diminishing. 8 According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granite-like bodies deep be
24、neath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the
25、gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earths surface and were found because they had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still lead to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet dis
26、covered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geo
27、logical overview; geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical , and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated; and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technol
28、ogy methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees
29、on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These, models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are
30、 critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 9 The author is primarily concerned with （ A） advocating a return to an older methodology. （ B） explaining the importance of a rec
31、ent theory. （ C） enumerating differences between two widely used methods. （ D） describing events leading to a discovery. （ E） challenging the assumptions on which a theory is based. 10 According to the passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems is that such systems （ A） we
32、re formed from metarnorphic fluids. （ B） originated in molten granite-like bodies. （ C） were formed from alluvial deposits. （ D） generally have surface expression. （ E） are not discoverable through chemical tests. 11 The passage implies that which of the following steps would be the first performed
33、by explorers who wish to maximize their chances of discovering gold? （ A） Surveying several sites known to have been formed more than two billion years ago. （ B） Limiting exploration to sites known to have been formed from metamorphic fluid. （ C） Using an appropriate conceptual model to select a sit
34、e for further exploration. （ D） Using geophysical methods to analyze rocks over a broad area. （ E） Limiting exploration to sites where alluvial gold has previously been found. 12 Which of the following statements about discoveries of gold deposits is supported by information in the passage? （ A） The
35、 number of gold discoveries made annually has increased between the time of the original gold rushes and the present. （ B） New discoveries of gold deposits are likely to be the result of exploration techniques designed to locate buried mineralization. （ C） It is unlikely that newly discovered gold d
36、eposits will ever yield as much as did those deposits discovered during the original gold rushes. （ D） Modern explorers are divided on the question of the utility of simple prospecting methods as a source of new discoveries of gold deposits. （ E） Models based on the theory that gold originated from
37、magmatic fluids have already led to new discoveries of gold deposits. 13 It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is easiest to detect? （ A） A gold-quartz vein system originating in magmatic fluids. （ B） A gold-quartz vein system originating in metamorphic fluids. （ C） A gold
38、deposit that is mixed with granite. （ D） A gold deposit that has shed alluvial gold. （ E） A gold deposit that exhibits chemical halos. 14 The theory mentioned in line 1 relates to the conceptual models discussed in the passage in which of the following ways? （ A） It may furnish a valid account of or
39、e-forming processes, and, hence, can support conceptual models that have great practical significance. （ B） It suggests that certain geological formations, long believed to be mineralized, are in fact mineralized, thus confirming current conceptual models. （ C） It suggests that there may not be enou
40、gh similarity across Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems to warrant the formulation of conceptual models. （ D） It corrects existing theories about the chemical halos of gold deposits, and thus provides a basis for correcting current conceptual models. （ E） It suggests that simple prospecting method
41、s still have a higher success rate in the discovery of gold deposits than do more modern methods. 15 According to the passage, methods of exploring for gold that are widely used today are based on which of the following facts? （ A） Most of the Earths remaining gold deposits are still molten. （ B） Mo
42、st of the Earths remaining gold deposits are exposed at the surface. （ C） Most of the Earths remaining gold deposits are buried and have no surface expression. （ D） Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration, since the other types of gold deposits are found in regions difficult to reach. （ E
43、） Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration, since the other types of gold deposits are unlikely to yield concentrated quantities of gold. 16 It can be inferred from the passage that the efficiency of model-based gold exploration depends on which of the following? I . The closeness of the m
44、atch between the geological features identified by the model as critical and the actual geological features of a given area. II. The degree to which the model chosen relies on empirical observation of known mineral deposits rather than on theories of ore-forming processes. III. The degree to which t
45、he model chosen is based on an accurate description of the events leading to mineralization. （ A） I only （ B） II only （ C） I and II only （ D） I and III only （ E） I , II and III 16 While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled economy into a free one, the experience of
46、the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which state-owned industries are sold to private companies. By 1979, the total borrowings and losses of state-owned industries were running at about 3 billion a year. By selling many of these industries, the gover
47、nment has decreased these borrowings and losses, gained over 34 billion from the sales, and now re- ceives tax revenues from the newly privatized companies. Along with a dramatically improved overall economy, the government has been able to repay 12. 5 percent of the net national debt over a two-yea
48、r period. In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but has also raised the level of performance in ev- ery area. At British Airways and British Gas, for example, productivity per employee has risen by 20 percent. At associated British
49、 Ports, labor disruptions common in the 1970 s and early 1980 s have now virtually disappeared. At British Telecom, there is no longer a waiting list as there always was before privatization to have a telephone installed. Part of this improved productivity has come about because the employees of privatized industries were given the opportunity to buy shares in their own companies. They responded enthusiast i- cally to the offer of shares; at British Aerospace, 89 percent of the eligible work force bought shares; at Associated British Ports, 90 percent; and at B
