1、GMAT（ VERBAL）阅读练习试卷 7及答案与解析 1 In an attempt to improve the overall performance of clerical workers, many companies have introduced com- puterized performance monitoring and control systems (CPMCS) that record and report a workers computer- (5) driven activities. However, at least one study has shown
2、 that such monitoring may not be having the desired effect. In the study, researchers asked monitored clerical workers and their supervisors how assessments of productivity affected supervisors ratings of workers performance. In (10)contrast to unmonitored workers doing the same work, who without ex
3、ception identified the most important element in their jobs as customer service, the monitored workers and their supervisors all responded that productivity was the critical factor in assigning ratings. This finding suggested (15) that there should have been a strong correlation between a monitored
4、workers productivity and the overall rating the worker received. However, measures of the relationship between overall rating and individual elements of perfor- mance clearly supported the conclusion that supervisors (20) gave considerable weight to criteria such as attendance .accuracy, and indicat
5、ions of customer satisfaction. It is possible that productivity may be a “hygiene factor.” that is, if it is too low, it will hurt the overall rating. But the evidence suggests that beyond the point at (25) which productivity becomes “good enough.” higher productivity per se is unlikely to improve a
6、 rating. 1 According to the passage, before the final results of the study were known, which of the following seemed likely? （ A） That workers with the highest productivity would also be the most accurate （ B） That workers who initially achieved high productivity ratings would continue to do so cons
7、istently （ C） That the highest performance ratings would be achieved by workers with the highest productivity （ D） That the most productive workers would be those whose supervisors claimed to value productivity （ E） That supervisors who claimed to value productivity would place equal value on custom
8、er satisfaction 2 It can be inferred that the author of the passage discusses “unmonitored workers”(line 10) primarily in order to_ （ A） compare the ratings of these workers with the ratings of monitored workers （ B） provide an example of a case in which monitoring might be effective （ C） provide ev
9、idence of an inappropriate use of CPMCS （ D） emphasize the effect that CPMCS may have on workers perceptions of their jobs （ E） illustrate the effect that CPMCS may have on workers ratings 3 Which of the following, if true, would most clearly have supported the conclusion referred to in lines 19-21?
10、 （ A） Ratings of productivity correlated highly with ratings of both accuracy and attendance. （ B） Electronic monitoring greatly increased productivity. （ C） Most supervisors based overall ratings of performance on measures of productivity alone. （ D） Overall ratings of performance correlated more h
11、ighly with measures of productivity than the researchers expected. （ E） Overall ratings of performance correlated more highly with measures of accuracy than with measures of productivity. 4 According to the passage, a “hygiene factor” (lines 22-23) is an aspect of a workers performance that_ （ A） ha
12、s no effect on the rating of a workers performance （ B） is so basic to performance that it is assumed to be adequate for all workers （ C） is given less importance than it deserves in rating a workers performance （ D） if not likely to affect a workers rating unless it is judged to be inadequate （ E）
13、is important primarily because of the effect it has on a workers rating 5 The primary purpose of the passage is to_ （ A） explain the need for the introduction of an innovative strategy （ B） discuss a study of the use of a particular method （ C） recommend a course of action （ D） resolved a difference
14、 of opinion （ E） suggest an alternative approach 6 Schools expect textbooks to be a valuable source of information for students. My research suggests, however, that textbooks that address the place of Native Americans within he history of the United States distort history to suit (5) a particular cu
15、ltural value system. In some textbooks, for example, settlers are pictured as more humane, complex, skillful, and wise than Native American. In essence, textbooks stereotype and deprecate the numerous Native American cultures while reinforcing the attitude that the (10) European conquest of the New
16、World denotes the superi- ority of European cultures. Although textbooks evaluete Native American architecture, political systems, and home- making. I contend that they do it from an ethnocentric, (15) European perspective without recognizing that other per- spectives are possible. One argument agai
17、nst my contention asserts that, by nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply underestimating childrens ability to see through these (20) biases. Some researchers even claim that by the time students are in high school, they know they cannot take textbooks literally. Yet substantia
18、l evidence exists to the contrary. Two researchers, for example, have conducted studies that suggest that childrens attitudes about particular (25) culture are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in schools. Given this, an ongoing, careful review of how school textbooks depict Native American
19、is certainly warranted. 6 Which of the following would most logically be the topic of the paragraph immediately following the passage? （ A） Specific ways to evaluate the biases of United States history textbooks （ B） The centrality of the teachers role in United States history courses （ C） Nontradit
20、ional methods of teaching United States history （ D） The contributions of European immigrants to the development of the United States （ E） Ways in which parents influence childrens political attitudes 7 The primary purpose of the passage is to_ （ A） describe in detail one research study regarding th
21、e impact of history textbooks on childrens attitudes and beliefs about certain cultures （ B） describe revisions that should be made to United States history textbooks （ C） discuss the difficulty of presenting an accurate history of the United States （ D） argue that textbooks used in schools stereoty
22、pe Native Americans and influence childrens attitudes （ E） summarize ways in which some textbooks give distorted pictures of the political systems developed by various Native American groups 8 The author mentions two researchers studies (lines22-25) most likely in order to_ （ A） suggest that childre
23、ns political attitudes are formed primarily through textbooks （ B） counter the claim that children are able to see through stereotypes in textbooks （ C） suggest that younger children tend to interpret the messages in textbooks more literally than do older children （ D） demonstrate that textbooks car
24、ry political messages meant to influence their readers （ E） prove that textbooks are not biased in terms of their political presentations 9 The authors attitude toward the content of the history textbooks discussed in the passage is best described as one of_ （ A） indifference （ B） hesitance （ C） neu
25、trality （ D） amusement （ E） disapproval 10 It can be inferred from the passage that the researchers mentioned in line 19 would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements? （ A） Students form attitudes about cultures other than their own primarily inside the school environment. （ B
26、） For the most part, seniors in high school know that textbooks can be biased. （ C） Textbooks play a crucial role in shaping the attitudes and beliefs of students. （ D） Elementary school students are as likely to recognize biases in textbooks as are high school students. （ E） Students are less likel
27、y to give credence to history textbooks than to mathematics textbooks. 11 The author implies tha5t which of the following will occur if textbooks are not carefully reviewed? （ A） Children will remain ignorant of the European settlers conquest of the New World. （ B） Children will lose their ability t
28、o recognize biases in textbooks. （ C） Children will form negative stereotypes of Native Americans. （ D） Children will develop an understanding of ethnocentrism. （ E） Children will stop taking textbooks seriously. 12 Until recently, scientists did not know of a close verte- brate analogue to the extr
29、eme form of altruism abserved in eusocial insects like ants and bees, whereby individuals cooperate, sometimes even sacrificing their own oppor- ( 5) tunities to survive and reproduce, for the good of others. However, such a vertebrate society may exist among under- ground colonies of the highly soc
30、ial rodent Heterocephalus glaber, the naked mole rat. A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasps nest, or (10) termite mound, is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female. Other adult female mole rats neither ovulate nor breed. The queen of the largest member of the colony, and she maintains her
31、 breeding status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably, chemical control. Queens have (15) been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or are removed from a colony one sees violent fighting for breed- ing status among the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a new queen.
32、Eusocial insect societies have rigid caste systems, each (20)insectss role being defined by its behavior,body shape, and physiology. In naked mole rat societies, on the other hand, differences in behavior are related primarily to reproductive status (reproduction being limited to the queen and a few
33、 males), body size, and perhaps age. Smaller nonbreeding (25) members, both male and female, seem to participate pri- marily in gathering food, transporting nest material, and tunneling. Larger nonreaders are active in defending the colony and perhaps in removing dirt from the tunnels. Jarvis work h
34、as suggested that differences in growth rates (30)may influence the length of time that an individual performs a task, regardless of its age. Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in verte- brates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively breeding vertebrates (except the wild dog, Lycaon
35、 pictus) (35) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female. The division of labor within social groups is less pronounced among other vertebrates than among naked mole rats, colony size is much smaller, and mating by subordinate females may not be totally suppressed, (
36、40) whereas in naked mole rat colonies subordinate females are not sexually active, and many never breed. 12 Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage? （ A） Naked mole rat colonies are the only known examples of cooperatively breeding vertebrate societies. （ B） Naked
37、 mole rat colonies exhibit social organization based on a rigid caste system. （ C） Behavior in naked mole rat colonies may well be a close vertebrate analogue to behavior in eusocial insect societies. （ D） The mating habits of naked mole rats differ from those of any other vertebrate species. （ E） T
38、he basis for the division of labor among naked mole rats is the same as that among eusocial insects. 13 The passage suggests that Jarvis work has called into question which of the following explanatory variables for naked mole rat behavior? （ A） Size （ B） Age （ C） Reproductive status （ D） Rate of gr
39、owth （ E） Previously exhibited behavior 14 It can be inferred from the passage that the performance of tasks in naked mole rat colonies differs from task performance in eusocial insect societies in which of the following ways? （ A） In naked mole rat colonies, all tasks ate performed cooperatively. （
40、 B） In naked mole rat colonies, the performance of tasks is less rigidly determined by body shape. （ C） In naked mole rat colonies, breeding is limited to the largest animals. （ D） In eusocial insect societies, reproduction is limited to a single female. （ E） In eusocial insect societies, the distri
41、bution of tasks is based on body size. 15 According to the passage, which of the following is a supposition rather than a fact concerning the queen in a naked mole rat colony? （ A） She is the largest member of the colony. （ B） She exerts chemical control over the colony. （ C） She mates with more tha
42、n one male. （ D） She attains her status through aggression. （ E） She is the only breeding female. 16 The passage supports which of the following inferences about breeding among Lycaon pictus? （ A） The largest female in the social group does not maintain reproductive status by means of behavioral con
43、trol. （ B） An individuals ability to breed is related primarily to its rate of growth. （ C） Breeding is the only task performed by the breeding female. （ D） Breeding in the social group is not cooperative. （ E） Breeding is not dominated by a single pair of dogs. 17 According to the passage, naked mo
44、le rat colonies may differ from all other known vertebrate groups in which of the following ways? （ A） Naked mole rats exhibit an extreme form of altruism. （ B） Naked mole rats are cooperative breeders. （ C） Among naked mole rats, many males are permitted to breed with a single dominant female. （ D）
45、 Among naked mole rats, different tasks are performed at different times in an individuals life. （ E） Among naked mole rats, fighting results in the selection of a breeding female. 18 One function of the third paragraph of the passage is to_ （ A） state a conclusion about facts presented in an earlie
46、r paragraph （ B） introduce information that is contradicted by information in the fourth paragraph （ C） qualify the extent to which two previously mentioned groups might be similar （ D） show the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions of a specific study （ E） demonstrate that, of three explan
47、atory factors offered, two may be of equal significance 19 Joseph Glarthaars Forged in Battle is not the first excel- lent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers letters and diaries including rare material from Black soldiersand concen- (5) rates
48、 more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of its predecessors. Glathaars title expresses his thesis: loyalty, friendship, and respect among White officers and Black soldiers were fostered by the mutual dangers they faced in combat. (10 ) Glarthaar accurately describes t
49、he governments discrim- inatory treatment of Black soldiers in pay, promotion, medi cal care, and job assignments, appropriately emphasizing the campaign by Black soldiers and their officers to get the opportunity to fight. That chance remained limited through (15) out the war by army policies that kept most Black units serving in rear-echelon assignments and working in labor battalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was only one-third that of White units, their mortality rate from disease, a major killer in his war, was
