1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a wh
2、ole. 1 The primary impulse of each human being is to_himself, but the secondary impulse is to venture out of the self, to correct its provincialism and heal its loneliness. （ A） sully （ B） actualize （ C） reject （ D） declare （ E） withdraw 2 The teacher has_catering to some students, but to retain his
3、 tenure, which effects only after a teacher has unanimously gratified his students, he offers his complaints_. （ A） a hesitancy about carelessly （ B） an aptitude for sparingly （ C） a repugnance toward tactfully （ D） an enthusiasm about zealously （ E） a blitheness about carefully 3 Current estimates
4、put thirteen percent of global flora at risk of extinction, but this number does not include_plants from tropical regions, where the majority of the worlds plants grow. （ A） apocryphal （ B） deciduous （ C） rare （ D） innumerable （ E） vanished 4 Although scientists have_long the human appendix as_organ
5、, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the appendix does in fact have a significant function as a part of the bodys immune system. （ A） overestimated a minor （ B） discounted a vestigial （ C） valued a major （ D） ignored a pivotal （ E） studied an inaccessible 5 It is difficult to concei
6、ve how, even for those people well disposed to rule themselves, the attempt to achieve happiness should be rendered so_by one single curse, that of a bad form of government. （ A） laudatory （ B） ineffectual （ C） corrupt （ D） disorganized （ E） ill-tempered 6 The monarch and his followers thought of th
7、e court as_how the kingdom ought to be, the harmonious expression of a larger social order centred on the monarch. （ A） a miscalculation of （ B） irrelevant to （ C） a microcosm of （ D） recognizable as （ E） isometric to 7 Even if the public ate up every_detail about their leaders, that same public gre
8、w offended that the news media would actually pander to their baser impulses. （ A） mesmeric （ B） lofty （ C） supine （ D） resonant （ E） lubricious SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select
9、 the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 ROLE: UNDERSTUDY: （ A） chairman : general （ B） lawyer : magistrate （ C） position : benchwarmer （ D） physician : sufferer （ E） employer : employee 9 GREENHOUSE: PLANT: （ A） bottle : tonic （ B） incu
10、bator: microorganism （ C） orchard : underbrush （ D） pipeline : gas （ E） washroom : hygiene 10 GLARING : LIGHT : （ A） piquant : odor （ B） ruined : building （ C） grating : sound （ D） infamous: performance （ E） epidemic : malady 11 SIGHT : BLUR: （ A） length: increase （ B） destruction : disintegrate （ C
11、） dilemma : jumble （ D） writing : pontificate （ E） speech : slur 12 PAINTER : BRUSH: （ A） sculptor : chisel （ B） obstetrician : scalpel （ C） caricaturist : publication （ D） hangman : gibbet （ E） judge: gavel 13 EAGLE : TALON : （ A） person : foot （ B） sheep : horn （ C） crab: pincer （ D） serpent : fan
12、g （ E） rattler : tail 14 STORY: MIME : （ A） quack : falsehood （ B） jest : enigma （ C） word : charade （ D） direction : signal （ E） geometry : sign 15 ARROGANCE: DEFER: （ A） contumeliousness : attack （ B） clarity : convince （ C） fidelity : protect （ D） lassitude : stir （ E） pompousness : annoy 16 SASH
13、 : WAIST : （ A） sock : hand （ B） fringe : ankle （ C） ring: wrist （ D） epaulet : shoulder （ E） tie : bust SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a
14、passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 16 Periodic realignment of the Earths magnetic field occurs two ways: the first, “field regeneration“, or the creation of new magnetic fields from the ambient geomagnetic field, takes place because magnetic field lines are trapped Lin
15、e in effective electrical conductors. The field is trapped in molten iron which (5) moves in response to the forces imposed upon it and as the core moves, the field lines are stretched and twisted, creating a new magnetic field. The second process is the diffusion of the magnetic fields: in the same
16、 way that a drop of dye will soon diffuse throughout a swimming pool, a concentration of magnetic field lines diffuses throughout the planets outer core. On the large scale of (10) stars and planets, the field lines are caught up in the fluid motion and distorted, generating a new magnetic field bef
17、ore diffusing away. This rarer type of field reversal is likely caused by unexplained larger changes in the flow in the outer core, though scientists have suggested such fluctuations may simply be extreme examples of fluctuations in the dynamo processes-an El Nino in the weather of (15) the outer co
18、re. 17 The passage is chiefly concerned with （ A） offering an explanation of the process that causes a phenomenon, and a counter-explanation （ B） demonstrating how two processes act in symbiotic coordination in causing a phenomenon （ C） establishing how one process causes a phenomenon which is resis
19、ted by a second process （ D） explaining two separate processes which cause a mostly identical phenomenon （ E） outlining the essential differences between two distinct phenomenon that issue from a single cause 18 Which of the hypothetical discoveries would MOST likely shed doubt on the authors claim
20、that “field regeneration“ could be responsible for the earths magnetic reversals? （ A） Extreme fluctuations in the dynamo processes are discovered to be exceedingly rare, if they occur at all. （ B） Magnetic field lines are discovered to diffuse very poorly through the earths outer core. （ C） Realign
21、ment of the earths magnetic polarity is discovered to occur much more frequently than was previously believed. （ D） Molten iron is discovered to be a poorer electrical conductor than was previously believed. （ E） The earths core is found to move at a much faster rate than had previously been measure
22、d. 19 The passage suggests which of the following about changes in the earths magnetic alignment? （ A） They are infrequent events, whose causes are yet to be conclusively established. （ B） They occur infrequently but at regular intervals, more often through the diffusion process than “field regenera
23、tion“. （ C） They occur regularly, more often through the “field regeneration“ process than through diffusion. （ D） They occur frequently but irregularly, because “field regeneration“ is more often the cause. （ E） They occur irregularly, largely because they are dependent on the rare large changes in
24、 the flow of the earths core. 20 The author employs all of the following in the passage EXCEPT （ A） An illustrative analogy （ B） An admission of uncertainty （ C） A comparison of processes （ D） The coining of a new term （ E） A counter-example 20 As the political consequences of Nazism and the liberal
25、 tone of the postwar world proved inhospitable to Darwinist thinking, so the disintegration of the postwar order, the end of traditional leftwing politics, a growing social Line conservatism and disillusionment with the idea of social progress has led to its (5) return. As anthropologist Foley expou
26、nded, the history of the twentieth century has transformed our vision of humanity, leading to a loss of confidence in the notion that humans may be raised on a taxonomical pedestal above the swamp of animal brutishness. In deriding any social explanation of human behavior, and implying that emotions
27、 are biologically shaped, hence universal, (10) scientists have come to odds with cultural anthropologists, who ridicule any biological interpretation of human behavior and view humans in strictly cultural terms. There is convincing evidence that the anthropologists are correct, for even something a
28、s fundamental as an emotion is far more than simply an evolutionary (15) trait, given that only some emotions anger, disgust, sadness, enjoyment and fear are known to be universal, while others, such as jealousy and envy, vary in their expression and are arguably not emotions at all. Even emotions k
29、nown to be universal cannot be regarded as simply “natural“, given that the evocation of a particular emotion is both culturally and historically specific. The (20) connotation of anger or sadness and the elicitors of these emotions may vary across cultures and throughout human history. There are al
30、so culturally bound “display rules“, often unconscious, which dictate the means or time of displaying emotion. For instance, Japanese and American students are privately shown very similar emotions in response to similar stimuli, but their public (25) expressions are far from identical, a fact that
31、may owe to the Japanese cultural tendency of remaining demure in public expression. Even more contentious is the question of what emotions animals possess, of whether they are aware of such emotions, and of the relationship between animal responses and human emotions. The way of responding to these
32、debates (30) depends as much upon ones philosophical inclinations as on the facts: scientists philosophically disposed to minimize the gap between humans and animals are more likely to perceive animals as having emotions, as being aware of them, while those anthropologists who seek an unbridgeable g
33、ap between humanity and lower life forms are likely to see appreciable differences between human (35) emotions and animal responses. Thus, the scientific idea of the human is not simply an objective truth, but shaped by wider issues such as the prevailing ideas of progress, notions of racial differe
34、nce, and the comprehension of the relationship between Man and Nature. All that may safely be concluded is that what constitutes a human is not only innate, but also nurtured. 21 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with （ A） refuting the notion that emotions are socially constructed （ B
35、） delineating the difference between relative and universal behavior （ C） describing how anthropologists identify emotions in foreign cultures （ D） measuring the extent to which emotions can be equated with evolutionary traits （ E） comparing how emotions are expressed in various cultures 22 Accordin
36、g to the passage, which of the following is true concerning the cultural determination of emotions? （ A） Emotional expression varies between individuals to a significantly greater extent than it does between cultures. （ B） Neither anthropologists nor Darwinists have successfully established a scient
37、ific method for comparing one emotion with another. （ C） The cause of the emotion may vary from one historical time or geographical place to another. （ D） It is impossible to say whether any given emotion is in fact an emotion, or merely a biological response. （ E） It is difficult to distinguish bet
38、ween culturally-acquired emotions and innate ones determined by biology. 23 The author would most likely agree with which of the following descriptions of the conflict between Darwinists and cultural anthropologists over the nature of animal emotions? （ A） The concept of animal emotions suggests tha
39、t human emotions are based on instinctual biology. （ B） Cultural relativists dispute the notion that animal emotions are innate and not be learned. （ C） Darwinists view the events of the twentieth-century as a triumph of animal instinct over rational human behavior. （ D） Darwinists wish to draw a li
40、ne between emotional behavior and culturally acquired behavior. （ E） Cultural relativists support the idea of an animal behavior dictated by behavioral rules. 24 Which of the following hypothetical scientific discoveries would best support the cultural relativist view of emotion? （ A） Biological dif
41、ferences are noted in the parts of the brain governing emotional expressions in various races. （ B） Animals are discovered to express fear or excitement in an emotional manner when threatened. （ C） Japanese students are found to express certain emotions in a manner identical to Chinese students. （ D
42、） African tribesmen are unable to identify the emotional facial expressions on actors in a film with Western characters. （ E） The rules governing the expression of emotion can be expressed and translated from one language to another. 25 The authors attitude toward the theory of emotion as a purely e
43、volutionary trait can best be described as （ A） unrestrainedly supportive （ B） extremely critical （ C） perfectly neutral （ D） intellectually dishonest （ E） tentatively receptive 26 According to Foley, which of the following aspects of the political and historical events of the late twentieth-century
44、 confirm Darwinian theory? （ A） Social conservatism demands that human beings conform to established standards of behavior. （ B） As a movement, Nazism was doomed to perish by the same evolutionary forces that govern the expression of human emotions. （ C） The events of the twentieth century prove tha
45、t social and biological thinking are incommensurate with one another. （ D） The disintegration of the postwar order was brought about by faulty relativist thinking. （ E） The decline of social progress indicates that social goals are limited by biological forces. 27 The author of the passage describes
46、 human emotions as each of the following EXCEPT （ A） relative in their meaning （ B） varying in type （ C） innately acquired （ D） ruled by social mores （ E） varying in degree SECTION 4 Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phra
47、ses. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 28 AMELIORATE: （ A） exacerbate （ B） ap
48、ply （ C） incriminate （ D） safeguard （ E） contribute 29 RUEFUL: （ A） unforgiving （ B） pensive （ C） jealous （ D） unrepentant （ E） striving 30 STIPULATION: （ A） unspoken obligation （ B） grueling job （ C） animated talk （ D） supreme worry （ E） mistaken analysis 31 ABDICATE: （ A） suggest （ B） command （ C）
49、 oppose （ D） undertake （ E） protect 32 FORESTALL: （ A） condemn （ B） harass （ C） protect （ D） assist （ E） consent 33 GRANDILOQUENT: （ A） vulgar （ B） valuable （ C） guarded （ D） indefinite （ E） idiomatic 34 AWE: （ A） disrespect （ B） apprehension （ C） miscellany （ D） consideration （ E） culpability 35 VESTIGIAL: （ A） impressionable （ B） consistently formed （ C） pretentious （ D） declining （ E） entirely matured 36 MOLLIFY: （ A） contest （ B） censure （ C） provoke （ D） condemn （ E） disagr
