1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a wh
2、ole. 1 The reality of governance is rarely_institutions do not operate according to mechanical laws, they evolve organically. （ A） static （ B） noble （ C） protean （ D） documented （ E） inconsistent 2 The real problem is not the economic crisis that dominates the headlines, but a pair of intertwined lo
3、ng-term concerns: the shrinking work force, and money squandered on life support for_industries and backward regions. （ A） relevant （ B） moribund （ C） nascent （ D） deserving （ E） thriving 3 Skeptics have debated whether welfare rights, including those to medical care or employment training,_solidari
4、ty and fellow-feeling, or whether they erode initiative and_dependency. （ A） decrease encourage （ B） affect reject （ C） retract invite （ D） control diminish （ E） express inculcate 4 This writing is clearly the product of_art, but it has the flame of spontaneity and the grit of independence both as t
5、o mode and spirit. （ A） passionate （ B） critical （ C） sedulous （ D） interesting （ E） considerable 5 Jack Kerouac was neither a demon nor a saint but a_, notably gentle, deeply conflicted and finally self-destructive person whose dream from childhood was to be a writer. （ A） muse （ B） martyr （ C） cad
6、ge （ D） fallible （ E） ascetic 6 Despite his failings, Langs father was commercially_and fantastically hardworking, and under his_the construction business flourished. （ A） inexperience bumbling （ B） astute aegis （ C） competitive pretense （ D） incompetent talents （ E） savvy misdirection 7 Having been
7、_as immoral by some reviewers of Tess of the D Urberilles four years earlier, Hardy subsequently_to preface his work with declamatory caveats. （ A） decried opted （ B） established failed （ C） answered chose （ D） regarded relinquished （ E） ignored desired SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following
8、 questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 SATIRE : LAMPOON : （ A） morality : contriving （ B） comportment : gait （ C） poem : limer
9、ick （ D） collage : material （ E） ethic : manner 9 GUILT : EXCULPATE : （ A） obligation : absolve （ B） assistance: enlist （ C） fidelity : establish （ D） colloquy : lecture （ E） presence : decorate 10 WAVER : RESOLUTE: （ A） deceive : enigmatic （ B） flag : vigorous （ C） discover : surreptitious （ D） acq
10、uiesce : detestable （ E） consume : extravagant 11 INSINUATE: INTRODUCE : （ A） assert : state （ B） infiltrate : enter （ C） foray : encroach （ D） scrutinize : catalogue （ E） communicate : promulgate 12 CONSOLE: SYMPATHY : （ A） gibe : derision （ B） wink : nonchalance （ C） hector : adulation （ D） shiver
11、 : prostration （ E） genuflect : fascination 13 PILLAR : SUPPORT : （ A） form : shape （ B） ballast : stability （ C） pipe : petroleum （ D） loom: wool （ E） blotch : detergent 14 SQUANDER : ENERGY : （ A） gamble : money （ B） accomplish : attainment （ C） shelter : security （ D） aggress : territory （ E） mal
12、inger : duty 15 DOCUMENTS: FORGE: （ A） funds : embezzle （ B） sufferer: defeat （ C） obstruction : hamper （ D） struggle : conquer （ E） infusion: exert 16 YOKEL : SOPHISTICATION: （ A） arbiter : mediation （ B） malefactor : spite （ C） boor : sensitivity （ D） tutor : esteem （ E） politician : honesty SECTI
13、ON 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 16 Are responses to odors acquired as a func
14、tion of the emotional context in which they are initially perceived? Researchers recently conducted a study in which a novel odor was paired with either a positive or negative emotional Line experience. Ratings associated with the test odor varied in accordance with the (5) paired emotion, such that
15、 the odor was perceived as either congenial or noisome, depending upon the quality of paired experience the participant had. Olfactory sensory attributes may produce an unlearned impact when odors are irritating; in these cases discomfort is experienced simultaneously to odor sensation, an event occ
16、urring when stimulation of the trigeminal nerve occurs (10) coterminous with olfactory sensation. Many odors elicit trigeminal stimulation to varying degrees, so that the subjective distinction between pure odor and trigeminal irritation is not possible to make, though scientists have precipitously
17、ventured to suggest methods. While these cases may help explain why one may be immediately repelled by a certain scent, they unfortunately do not allow most (15) scientists to establish which smells trigger innate reactions. 17 According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about t
18、he role of the trigeminal nerve in the experience of odors? （ A） The trigeminal nerve plays a much more significant role in the experience of an irritating odor than does actual olfactory sensation itself. （ B） The trigeminal nerve produces a negative experience of an irritating odor independently o
19、f the emotional context in which the odor was initially perceived. （ C） The trigeminal nerve tends to cause an experience of discomfort in the cases of odors that are initially paired with negative emotional experiences. （ D） The functioning of the trigeminal nerve tends to be largely conditioned ac
20、cording to the pairing process simulated in the experiment. （ E） The trigeminal nerve generally does not play a role in the experiencing of odors that create innate reactions. 18 The primary purpose of the passage is to （ A） point out that theories about the functioning of olfactory sensation have f
21、ailed to change despite experimental inquiry （ B） suggest means by which the impact of odors that irritate human subjects may eventually be lessened （ C） describe the attempt of scientists to understand the degree to which odor perception is learned or innate （ D） demonstrate that efforts to underst
22、and the psychobiological basis for human perception is too difficult for modern laboratory techniques （ E） describe how the emotional pairing process in odor sensation can lead to the experience of irritation 19 It can be inferred from the passage that “most scientists“ assume which of the following
23、 concerning “innate reactions“ (line 15)? （ A） Innate reactions to smells do not include the stimulation of the trigeminal nerve per say. （ B） Only smells which have not previously been paired with emotional experiences trigger innate reaction. （ C） Irritating smells are the only ones which are cons
24、idered likely to produce innate, or unlearned, reactions. （ D） Most subjects can distinguish between pure odor sensation and trigeminal nerve sensation enough to determine which reactions are innate. （ E） Innate reactions are produced when the trigeminal nerve catalyzes an emotional experience. 20 T
25、he authors reaction to the attempts to create experimental means to distinguish trigeminal response and pure odor response can best be described as one of （ A） enthusiasm （ B） expectation （ C） dismay （ D） skepticism （ E） antipathy 20 Many nutritionists, having known for decades that saturated fat, f
26、ound in abundance in red meat and dairy products, raises blood cholesterol levels that are in turn associated with a high risk of coronary heart disease, have fallen Line victim to the temptation of simplifying dietary recommendations to facilitate (5) public nutrition education. After decades of pr
27、omoting the consumption of all complex carbohydrates and eschewing all fats and oils, much of this theory has been discredited. Controlled feeding studies in which the participants eat carefully prescribed diets for several weeks substantiated that saturated fat increases cholesterol (10) levels, an
28、d that polyunsaturated fat-found in vegetable oils and fish-reduces cholesterol. Dietary advice should therefore emphasize the replacement of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat, not total fat reduction. The subsequent doubling of polyunsaturated fat consumption that this advice might inspire cou
29、ld potentially contribute to a halving of coronary heart disease rates. (15) Indeed, the argument that fat in general is to be avoided has been hastily extrapolated from observations that affluent Western countries have both high intakes of fat and high rates of coronary heart disease. This correlat
30、ion is limited to saturated fat, however, for societies in which people eat relatively large portions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat (whose health benefits are nearly identical) (20) tend to have lower rates of heart disease. On the Greek island of Crete, for instance, where the traditio
31、nal diet contained much olive oil, a rich source of monounsaturated fat, and fish, a source of polyunsaturated fat, fat constituted 40 percent of the calories in this diet, but the rate of heart disease was lower than the rate for those who followed the traditional diets of Japan, where fat (25) com
32、poses only 8 to 10 percent of the calories. Furthermore, international comparisons of overall fat intake can be misleading: many negative influences on health, such as smoking, physical inactivity and high amounts of body fat, are also correlated with Western affluence. Many nutritionists decided it
33、 would be too difficult to educate the public about these subtleties, instead advocating a (30) clear, simple message that fat was insalubrious. The wisdom of this practice has further come into question as researchers discover that the two main cholesterol-carrying chemicals, low-density lipoprotei
34、n (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), have very different effects on the risk of coronary heart disease, such that increasing the ratio of (35) LDL to HDL in the blood raises the risk, whereas decreasing the ratio has the opposite effect. Unfortunately, certain controlled feeding studies have
35、 shown that when a person replaces calories from saturated fat with an equal amount of calories from carbohydrate-rich polyunsaturated fats, not only the levels of LDL and total cholesterol diminish, but also the level of HDL, and thus in only a (40) limited reduction in risk accrues from shifting t
36、o a polyunsaturated fat diet. 21 With which of the following statements concerning the traditional public education efforts of nutritionists would the author most likely agree? （ A） They have erred by publicly presenting the dietary model of the Japanese as healthier than that of the Greeks. （ B） By
37、 advocating the avoidance of vegetable oils and fish, they could potential contribute to a fifty percent reduction in coronary heart disease rates. （ C） They have tended to overemphasize the dangers of fat consumption at the expense of subtle but important distinctions among categories of fats. （ D）
38、 They have afforded too much importance to non-dietary negative influences on Western health. （ E） They have failed to observe the similarity of effects resulting from the consumption of low and high density lipoproteins. 22 It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true con
39、cerning the consumption of fat consumption in Greece versus that of Japan? （ A） The traditional diet of Japan involves a higher general intake of fat, as a dietary calorie percentage, than does the traditional diet of Crete. （ B） The traditional diet of Japan involves a higher intake of saturated fa
40、t, measured by calories, than does the traditional diet of Crete. （ C） The traditional diet of Japan involves a lesser intake of unsaturated fat, measured by calories, than does the traditional diet of Crete. （ D） The traditional diet of Japan includes a higher ratio of monounsaturated fat intake to
41、 polyunsaturated fat intake than does the traditional diet of Crete. （ E） The traditional diet of Japan involves a lower general intake of fat, as a dietary calorie percentage, than does the traditional diet of Crete. 23 According to the passage, which of the following is characteristic of lipoprote
42、ins? （ A） The dangers of lower density lipoproteins and the dangers of higher density lipoproteins are remarkably similar in the case of coronary heart disease. （ B） A higher ratio of higher density lipoproteins to lower density lipoproteins has a salubrious effect on heart disease. （ C） A shift fro
43、m a polyunsaturated fat diet to a saturated fat diet tends to increase the risk of coronary heart disease stemming from high-density lipoproteins. （ D） A shift from a polyunsaturated fat diet to a saturated fat diet tends to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease stemming from low-density lipop
44、roteins. （ E） Controlled feeding studies have yet to establish the feasibility of attempting to manipulate lipoprotein ratios through dietary change. 24 According to the following passage, which of the following statements is true of international comparisons of overall fat intake? （ A） They provide
45、 a reasonable indicator of the health benefits of polyunsaturated fats. （ B） They tend to conflate too many factors to provide an effective argument against reducing overall fat intake. （ C） They are rife with subtleties too complex for most nutritionists to be able to understand properly. （ D） They
46、 correctly tend to indicate the necessity for reducing overall fat intake reduction in affluent societies. （ E） They tend to lend too much attention to non-dietary causes of coronary heart disease. 25 Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph of the passage? （ A） It o
47、ffers evidence that contradicts the theory outlined in the previous paragraph. （ B） It presents a specific example of the application of the theory discussed in the previous paragraphs. （ C） It explains data that the researchers mentioned in the first two paragraphs have yet to successfully analyze.
48、 （ D） It qualifies the statistical evidence described in the previous paragraph. （ E） It begins a detailed description of the theory roughly outlined in the previous two paragraphs. 26 The passage suggests that which of the following would be LEAST important in determining whether a research subject
49、 is likely to contract coronary heart disease? （ A） The ratio of LDL to HDL in the subjects blood （ B） The subjects level of blood cholesterol （ C） The subjects percentage of body fat （ D） The subjects degree of physical inactivity （ E） The consumption ratio of polyunsaturated fats to monounsaturated fats 27 If the hypothesis stated in lines 36 - 40 is true, it can be inferred that nutritional theory should argue that the consumption of more polyunsaturated fats （ A） necessitates
