1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a wh
2、ole. 1 Hardly convincing was his_near the end of the play, where the swordplay, though scripted, took on a thoroughly amateurish aspect. （ A） ploy （ B） feint （ C） ad-lib （ D） error （ E） flourish 2 Where Linda has her_charm, and Robert has sense of verve and suavity, Polly has only her superficial_.
3、（ A） genteel uncertainty （ B） infectious pulchritude （ C） idolatrous pluck （ D） obsequious vivacity （ E） insufferable vapidity 3 The obtuse believe that to be truthful is a matter of_; only the artist, the great artist, knows that probity is acquired_. （ A） morality indiscriminately （ B） practice in
4、nately （ C） determination remotely （ D） luxury easefully （ E） taste obsessively 4 Baudelaire saw the writer as a detached_, a mocking dandy in the big-city crowd, alienated, isolated, anonymous, and thus_. （ A） socialitefree （ B） wanderer soulful （ C） trifler irresponsible （ D） idler melancholic （ E
5、） socialite unnoticed 5 Mild electric current had been thought to_overactive brain regions that cause disease, but in some cases, it may boost nerves activity and change their firing patterns. （ A） elucidate （ B） damage （ C） alter （ D） stifle （ E） confuse 6 By actual measurement ravens are the most
6、percipient of birds, and on_evidence they seem more_than most other living creatures. （ A） anecdotal cognizant （ B） reliable contumelious （ C） preliminary retiring （ D） subjective sapient （ E） unavailable intelligent 7 Nathan was a fiercely ambitious and competitive man, as quick to take offence as
7、to give it in his business dealings, and it is not difficult to imagine him responding _to such_. （ A） mysteriously an entreaty （ B） fractiously a pleasantry （ C） self-effacingly an invitation （ D） impetuously a contretemps （ E） gravely a leitmotif SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following ques
8、tions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 RATIOCINATION: LOGIC : （ A） comprehension : pedagogy （ B） interpretation: language （ C） orth
9、ography : philately （ D） badminton : athletics （ E） oration : elocution 9 ATOMS: CRYSTAL: （ A） substance : air （ B） water : density （ C） level: ramification （ D） numbers : matrix （ E） agents : reaction 10 SOUND : ECHO: （ A） sight: rainbow （ B） episode : television （ C） light: reflection （ D） affecti
10、on : attachment （ E） observation : microscope 11 ROE : FISH : （ A） skin : whale （ B） shell: mollusk （ C） pincer : crab （ D） egg : bird （ E） web : seal 12 SCRUTINIZE : ADMIRE : （ A） imprison: host （ B） forewarn : rage （ C） vacillate : resolve （ D） duplicate : imitate （ E） impel : push 13 SCHOOL: FISH
11、: （ A） television : programs （ B） pride : lions （ C） committee : organization （ D） fowl : birds （ E） corral : livestock 14 FLAX : LINEN : （ A） cinder : coal （ B） clay : china （ C） bar: gold （ D） mud : deposit （ E） porcelain : mosaic 15 VERIFY: DOUBTFUL: （ A） embellish : austere （ B） depurate : rare
12、（ C） vary : conspicuous （ D） compress : volatile （ E） instruct: awkward 16 PERFIDY : LOYAL: （ A） exorbitance : moderate （ B） perjury : ardent （ C） affection : faithful （ D） precision : accurate （ E） loathing : comely SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on
13、its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 16 Electronic computer speeds are restricted not only by the speed of electrons in matter but also by the escalating densi
14、ty of interconnections necessary to connect the electronic gates on microchips. Electrical engineers and physicists Line have been developing and augmenting the technologies of analog and digital (5) optical computing, in which the information is primarily carried by photons rather than by electrons
15、. Optical computing could, in principle, generate much higher computer speeds, but one of the problems it has encountered lies in accuracy, for these devices have practical limits of 8 to 11 bits of accuracy in basic operations. Recent research has evinced that digital partitioning (10) algorithms i
16、n tandem with error-correction codes, can substantially enhance the accuracy of optical computing operations. In the near term optical computers will most likely be hybrid optical/electronic systems that preprocess input data for computation and post-process output data via electronic circuits, but
17、nevertheless, the prospect of all-optical computing remains highly attractive. 17 According to the passage, which of the following is true concerning optical computers? （ A） Researchers have not yet discovered a means of transporting photons more efficiently. （ B） Their primary limitation is the den
18、sity of connections required between electronic microchip gates. （ C） Their accuracy level is poor at 8 to 11 bits, but still superior to that of electronic computers. （ D） They invariably rely on electronic circuits to preprocess input data for computation. （ E） Both analog and digital forms of opt
19、ic computing are presently being developed by scientists. 18 It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be more optimistic about optical computing if which of the following were true? （ A） Digital partitioning algorithms could be applied to electronic, and not just optical circuits. （
20、 B） The speed of photons could be shown to be significantly greater than that of electrons. （ C） The precision level in basic operations can be substantially increased without great expense. （ D） The accuracy of electronic circuits used to preprocess input data and post- process data could be greatl
21、y increased. （ E） The microchips optical computer systems were shown to require an increasing density of interconnections. 19 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the technology employed in optical computing? （ A） The technology is more expensive to develop than the technolo
22、gy that was required in electronic computing. （ B） The search for technology necessary for all-optical computing is considered unfeasible and has been largely abandoned. （ C） Optical computers systems that rely on digital partitioning algorithms in tandem with error-correction codes are considered h
23、ybrid technology. （ D） The technology necessary for digital optical computing appears within closer reach than the technology for analog optical computing. （ E） The most feasible version of optical computing at present is a synthesis of electronic and optical technology. 20 The passage suggests that
24、 the author would most probably agree with which of the following assessments of optical computing in its present form? （ A） Although the future of optical computing is impressive, its applications are too limited in scope to justify much optimism. （ B） The outlook of its development is positive on
25、the surface, but many claims made about it are misleading. （ C） Efforts to develop the technology have been sufficiently positive to maintain the interest of electrical engineers and physicists. （ D） Because of design flaws, the task of developing optical computing will require greater resources tha
26、n are presently available. （ E） The state of development of optical computing is too contradictory to allow for an easy assessment of its future. 20 It has been argued that art does not reproduce the visible-it makes things visible-but this does not go far enough. In fact, visual art explores and re
27、veals the brains perceptual capabilities and the laws governing it, among which two Line stand supreme: law of constancy and law of abstraction. According to the law of (5) constancy, the visual brains function is to seek knowledge of the constant properties of objects and surfaces: the distance, th
28、e viewing point, and the illumination conditions change continually, yet the brain is able to discard these changes in categorizing an object. It was an unacknowledged attempt to mimic the perceptual abilities of the brain that led the founders of Cubism, Picasso and (10) Braque, to alter the point
29、of view, the distance and the lighting conditions in their early, analytic period. The second law is that of abstraction, the process in which the particular is subordinated to the general, so that the representation is applicable to many particulars. This second law has strong affinities with the f
30、irst, because without (15) it, the brain would be enslaved to the particular; the capacity to abstract is also probably imposed on the brain by the limitations of its memory system, because it eliminates the need to recall every detail. Art, too, abstracts and thus externalizes the inner workings of
31、 the brain, so that its primordial function is a reflection of the function of the brain. (20) Through a process that has yet to be physiologically charted, cells in the brain seem to be able to recognize objects in a view-invariant manner after brief exposure to several distinct views synthesized b
32、y them. The artist, too, forms abstractions, through a process that may share similarities with the physiological processes now being unraveled but certainly goes beyond them, in (25) that the abstract idea itself mutates with the artists development. But abstraction, a key feature of an efficient k
33、nowledge-acquiring system, also exacts a heavy price on the individual, for which art may be a refuge and the abstract “ideal“ can lead to a deep discontent, because the daily experience is that of particulars. Michelangelo left three-fifths of his sculptures unfinished, (30) but he had not abandone
34、d them in haste: he often worked on them for years, because time and again the sublimity of his ideas lay beyond the reach of his hands, impressing on him the hopelessness of translating into a single work or a series of sculptures the synthetic ideals formed in his brain. Critics have written in em
35、otional and lyrical terms about these unfinished works, perhaps because, (35) being unfinished, the spectator can finish them and thus satisfy the ideals of his or her brain. This is only qualitatively different from finished works with the inestimable quality of ambiguity-a characteristic of all gr
36、eat art-that allows the brain of the viewer to interpret the work in a number of ways, all of them equally valid. 21 The author argues that aesthetic creation is useful to an understanding of the visual brain because it （ A） allows abstract ideas to mutate into new and hitherto untested forms （ B） h
37、elps scientists synthesize several distinct views of the operation of the brain （ C） manifests in an observable form the laws by which the brain functions （ D） subordinates the particular to the general, streamlining the artistic process （ E） establishes the constant and essential properties of obje
38、cts and surfaces 22 The author implies that the work of Picasso and Braque shifted over the course of their years in that it later came to （ A） render unseen objects in a visible manner, thus permitting access to the subconscious of the visual brain （ B） portray a variety of visual perspectives simu
39、ltaneously, displaying many sides of an object （ C） abandon and forswear the use of all techniques of lighting and distance in their artwork （ D） consciously apply the law of abstraction to their paintings to illustrate an understanding of the visual brain （ E） critique the brains ability to mimic b
40、y demonstrating the limits of visual representation 23 According to the passage, which of the following is true concerning the ability to create abstractions? （ A） The ability stems from the anatomical center of humans visual brain, whose location has yet to be identified. （ B） The ability steadily
41、develops in humans with the gradual acquisition of knowledge. （ C） The ability is best categorized as an innate, and therefore unlearned, ability that is rarely improved on over time. （ D） The ability to create abstractions is predicated on an enslavement to the particulars of those abstractions. （
42、E） The ability most likely has developed as a response to the limitations of the human memory. 24 The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT （ A） How is the law of constancy linked to the law of abstraction? （ B） What is the physiological process by which th
43、e brains tends to form abstractions? （ C） Does the process of forming abstractions ever go beyond its physiological processes? （ D） What artistic goal led Picasso and Braque to adapt their works sense of perspective? （ E） What effect, positive or negative, does abstraction often have upon the artist
44、ic individual? 25 The author regards the idea of ambiguity in a work of art as a feature that is （ A） invariably unfortunate （ B） universally mandatory （ C） overly complicated （ D） generally unnecessary （ E） scientifically revealing 26 According to the passage, Michelangelo was unable to finish thre
45、e-fifths of his artworks for which of the following reasons? （ A） He possessed a deep sense of ambiguity toward his own ideas that caused him to lose confidence in them. （ B） He displayed a tendency to work quickly on one project and then abandon it in haste for another. （ C） He generally felt a dis
46、satisfaction with the ideals that served as the model for his art works. （ D） He frequently felt unable to express his general ideals through a particular art work. （ E） A heavy price was exacted upon him as an artist by the process of continual abstraction. 27 Which of the following statements woul
47、d most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage? （ A） All human activity is ultimately a product of the organization of our brains, and subject to its laws. （ B） In art, something must always be left over for the imagination to perform. （ C） Art has been a creative refuge for other unsat
48、isfied ideals created by the brain through its abstractive process. （ D） The future branch of aesthetics will study the neural basis of artistic creativity and achievement. （ E） Arts richness lies in the fact that its power to disturb and arouse varies between individuals. SECTION 4 Directions: Each
49、 question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 28 PARSIMONY: （ A） authority （ B） taciturnity （ C） maneuver （ D） generosity （ E） di
