1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 37及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a wh
2、ole. 1 You may wonder how the expert on fossil remains is able to trace descent through teeth, which seem _ pegs upon which to hang whole ancestries. （ A） novel （ B） reliable （ C） specious （ D） inadequate （ E） academic 2 An essential purpose of the criminal justice system is to enable purgation to t
3、ake place; that is, to provide a _ by which a community expresses its collective _ the transgression of the criminal. （ A） catharsis.outrage at （ B） disclaimer.forgiveness of （ C） means.empathy with （ D） procedure.distaste for （ E） document.disapprobation of 3 When facts are _ and data hard to come
4、by, even scientists occasionally throw aside the professional pretense of _ and tear into each other with shameless appeals to authority and arguments that are unabashedly ad hominem. （ A） elusive.objectivity （ B） established.courtesy （ C） demonstrable.neutrality （ D） ineluctable.cooperation （ E） hy
5、pothetical.scholarship 4 In the tradition of scholarly _, the poet and scholar A.E. Housman once assailed a German rival for relying on manuscripts “as a drunkard relies on lampposts, for _ rather than illumination.“ （ A） animosity.current （ B） discourse.stability （ C） erudition.shadow （ D） invectiv
6、e.support （ E） competition.assistance SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 5 CUL
7、PABLE : GUILTY : （ A） marginal : necessary （ B） sociable : ambivalent （ C） venerable : esteemed （ D） factual : suspect （ E） reasonable : superlative 6 PILGRIMAGE : ZEALOT : （ A） chef : recipe （ B） journey : path （ C） sleet : hail （ D） genesis : citizen （ E） expedition : pioneer 7 UTILITARIAN : QUIXO
8、TIC : （ A） disconcerting : unsettling （ B） ephemeral : fleeting （ C） malevolent : kind （ D） loquacious : talkative （ E） obdurate : stubborn 8 FIRE : WOOD : （ A） motor : boat （ B） sunlight : forest （ C） oil : water （ D） gears : bicycle （ E） automobile : gasoline 9 OBLIQUE : INDIRECT : （ A） par : stan
9、dard （ B） inherent : direct （ C） resonant : equitable （ D） justified : logical （ E） circular : animated SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a p
10、assage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 9 The polar lights known as auroras are produced when charged subatomic Line particles, such as protons and electrons flowing from the sun through Earths magnetosphere, collide with atoms and molecules in Earths upper atmosphere. For r
11、easons not entirely understood, magnetic storms, called substorms, (5) occasionally occur where the flow of particles greatly increases and the interplanetary magnetic field becomes much stronger. These substorms are frequently visible on the Earth because they increase the intensity of the polar li
12、ghts. Recently, five identical probes were blasted into orbit in a $200 million US project known as the THEMIS mission. Scientists hope the probes will be able to (10) investigate a number of mysteries about the nature of the substorm instabilities, including when and where substorms begin, how the
13、individual components of the substorm interact, and how substorms power the auroras. The missions secondary objectives involve understanding and predicting variations in the flux of electrons in Earths outer radiation belt. These electrons pose a hazard to the (15) safety of both astronauts and spac
14、ecraft. Understanding substorm instabilities would thus improve success rates of future space missions. 10 The main purpose of the passage is to （ A） explain why it is important to invest in space research （ B） explain how magnetic substorms interfere with satellite communications （ C） define magnet
15、ic substorms and identify a recent scientific experiment to study them （ D） compare two alternative approaches to the study of magnetic substorms （ E） demonstrate that unmanned probes are the best way to conduct research in space 11 According to the passage, all of the following are objectives of th
16、e THEMIS mission EXCEPT: （ A） predicting variations in the flux of electrons in Earths outer radiation belt （ B） understanding how individual components of the substorm interact （ C） guaranteeing the success rates of future space missions （ D） investigating when and where substorms begin （ E） unders
17、tanding how substorms power the auroras 12 PROPAGATE : MULTIPLY : （ A） dilate : decrease （ B） discern : include （ C） expect : shift （ D） precipitate : happen （ E） deride : excel 13 People traveled hundreds of miles to be in the presence of the _ and listen to his _ words. （ A） scholar ludicrous （ B）
18、 dissident calming （ C） extrovert fabricated （ D） miscreant joyous （ E） sage astute 13 Despite the ubiquity of computer technology, most people are unaware that Line computers exist in two mutually exclusive, distinct categories: analog and digital. We are most familiar with digital computers, such
19、as laptops. On the one hand, digital computers process information using a binary number system that allows (5) them to calculate numbers in an accurate and exact manner. Analog computers, on the other hand, do not calculate per se; they measure and respond to a continuously changing input. Simple a
20、nalog computers, called astrolabes, were first developed by the Greeks to solve problems in astronomy. The devices proved very popular and (10) soon spread throughout the Roman world. By the 10th century, Muslim scholars had developed the astrolabe into a sophisticated mechanical device capable of c
21、alculating solutions to problems not only in astronomy, but also in astrology, navigation, surveying, and timekeeping. Modern scientific opinion was that the ancient Greeks had been (15) technologically unable to produce a similarly sophisticated computer, until a discovery was made just over a cent
22、ury ago. In 1900, divers discovered the wreck of a merchant ship, possibly dating back to 150 BCE, off the coast of the Greek island Antikythera. In the wreckage, they found the remains of a complex device apparently a thousand years ahead of its time. (20) Made of metal, this device, known as the A
23、ntikythera mechanism, is approximately the size of a shoebox. At the time of its discovery, it was in terrible shape, having been underwater for so long. Its pieces had merged into a broken mass and experts could discern only that it had something to do with astronomy. Thanks to a combination of adv
24、anced imaging methods and X-ray computer (25) tomography, however, scientists have since discovered much more. Originally, the mechanism had at least 30 bronze gears with as many as 225 hand-cut triangular teeth. It had three main dials, one on the front and two on the back, respectively marking the
25、 astronomical divisions of the Egyptian calendar, the Metonic cycle, and the Saros cycle. Each dial had subdials for greater (30) specificity. For example, the front dial contained a smaller dial that could be adjusted to account for leap years. There were also hands and gearing to account for the m
26、ovements of the planets. While the workings of the device are now fairly well understood, researchers are still puzzled by the reason it was made. Some postulate that it, like later (35) astrolabes, was used to create astrological charts, or to set feast days, or even to adjust the lunar and solar c
27、alendars. Others have thought it was a curiosity made solely for display. The devices relatively small size and the inclusion of a 3,000 character “users manual“ suggest that the mechanism was created to be portable and functional, but scientists are no closer to knowing for sure and can only (40) w
28、onder at the purpose of its superb design. 14 Which of the following would weaken the authors argument that the Antikythera mechanism was a thousand years ahead of its time? （ A） Items discovered on the Antikythera shipwreck were found to date back to 500 BCE. （ B） Similarly complex astrolabes were
29、recently found at a series of archeological sites dating between 100 and 500 CE. （ C） Complex machines involving pulleys and ropes were found at archeological sites on the Greek island of Antikythera. （ D） At the time of the Antikythera shipwreck, the island of Rhodes was famous for its collection o
30、f scientific devices. （ E） Ancient Romans were famous for their acquisitions of Greek art and architecture. 15 The author mentions that the front dial of the Antikythera mechanism contained a smaller, adjustable dial (line 30) most probably in order to （ A） illustrate the complexity of the mechanism
31、 （ B） describe exactly how the mechanism worked （ C） emphasize the importance of leap years in the study of astronomy （ D） argue that the mechanism was used only for very specific tasks （ E） allow readers to imagine what the device looked like 16 The passages statement that, by the 10th century, Mus
32、lim scholars had developed the astrolabe into a sophisticated mechanical device would justify which of the following conclusions? （ A） Muslim scholars were unaware of other scientific measuring devices. （ B） Muslim scholars developed a kind of technology that had never been known before. （ C） There
33、was no need for sophisticated mechanical devices such as the astrolabe before the 10th century. （ D） The astrolabes sophistication allowed for more exploration of the physical world. （ E） Muslim scholars had a need to solve complex problems in astronomy, navigation, surveying, and timekeeping. 17 Th
34、e passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions? （ A） Where was the mechanism made? （ B） What was the primary purpose of the Antikythera mechanism? （ C） How did ancient scientists know how to use the Antikythera mechanism? （ D） Precisely how many gears did the mechanism
35、 have? （ E） What is the purpose of computer tomography? 17 Modern science fiction movies are often known for their breathtaking special Line effects. These effects can show us a glimpse of the future, and frequently have tremendous dramatic force. Sometimes, however, special effects can leave the sc
36、ience behind to focus only on the fiction. One of the worst offenders is a films (5) depiction of explosions in outer space. On the Earth, explosions occur in some form of matter, usually air or water. The change in energy level in the matter creates the energy differential known as a shock wave. Th
37、e wave is what creates the characteristic “boom“ of an explosion. Since there is very little matter in outer space, the energy transfer never takes (10) place. Consequently, there is no sound. Further, because air and water are not perfect conduits for energy, they measurably slow the travel of the
38、explosive force. This allows the explosion to unfold in relatively slow motion, which renders it visible to the eye. In space, there is nothing to slow the energy, which would disperse almost immediately. The effect for an observer would be a bright (15) flash, gone almost as soon as it appeared, an
39、d nothing like the great billowing space clouds shown in the movies, suggesting that reality is insufficiently dramatic for cinematic representation. 18 The authors argument is developed primarily by the use of （ A） an attack on the misuse of scientific discoveries by modern film directors （ B） a cr
40、itique of technical developments in science fiction movie special effects （ C） an example of how science fiction directors distort science to increase dramatic effect （ D） an analogy between science fiction movie special effect and science education in schools （ E） a warning against an overreliance
41、on films to teach science to youngsters 19 According to the passage, which of the following is true about explosions in space? I. A lack of matter in space allows the energy from an explosion to travel very quickly. II. An explosion in space would be visible as a flash of bright light. III. Shock wa
42、ves created by an explosion in space would cause an audible “boom.“ （ A） I only （ B） II only （ C） I and II only （ D） II and HI only （ E） I, II, and III 20 Chriss interest in his action-figure collection began to _ as he completed elementary school and became a preteen; he was growing up. （ A） improv
43、e （ B） dilate （ C） exist （ D） wane （ E） thrive 21 OBTUSE: （ A） substantial （ B） trivial （ C） immense （ D） perceptive （ E） dense 22 QUOTIDIAN: （ A） circadian （ B） sporadic （ C） stark （ D） adverse （ E） exotic 23 INUNDATE : OVERWHELM : （ A） lambaste : beat （ B） extricate : tangle （ C） extol : criticize
44、 （ D） redo : expunge （ E） fathom : declare SECTION 4 Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the
45、questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 24 PANDEMONIUM: （ A） amusement （ B） indolence （ C） deceleration （ D） tranquillity （ E） tolerance 25 ENERVATE: （ A） aggravate （ B） stimulate （ C） edify （ D） applaud （ E）
46、 disregard 26 NEBULOUS: （ A） hypothetical （ B） querulous （ C） lamentable （ D） piquant （ E） distinct 27 DECORUM: （ A） lucidity （ B） flexibility （ C） impropriety （ D） duplicity （ E） severity 28 DENIGRATE: （ A） emancipate （ B） examine （ C） desecrate （ D） mollify （ E） extol SECTION 1 Directions: Each se
47、ntence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 29 While the disease is in state it is almost impo
48、ssible to determine its existence by （ A） a dormant.postulate （ B） a critical.examination （ C） an acute.analysis （ D） a suspended.estimate （ E） a latent.observation 30 Virginia Woolf conventional notions of truth: in her words, one cannot receive from any lecture “a nugget of pure truth“ to wrap up
49、between the pages of ones notebook and keep on the mantelpiece forever. （ A） anticipates （ B） articulates （ C） neglects （ D） mocks （ E） rationalizes SECTION 4 Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deci
