1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 49及答案与解析 一、 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a
2、 whole. 1 By recognizing commonalities among all the major political parties and by promoting a collaborative decision-making process, the prime minister has made good on his promise to cultivate a leadership style that emphasizes_. 2 In his unexpurgated autobiography, Mark Twain commented freely on
3、 the flaws and foibles of his country, making some observations so_that his heirs and editors feared they would damage Twains reputation if not withheld. 3 That the artist chose to remain in his hometown does not mean that he remained (i)_; on the contrary, he(ii)_the international artistic movement
4、s of his day. 4 An innovation of the eighteenth-century cookbook writer Mary Cole was that in her work she(i)_the earlier books from which her recipes were drawn.Even in those numerous instances in which she had collated into a single version, which she could have called her own, the recipes of seve
5、ral earlier writers, she(ii)_them. 5 The lizards snapped up insects that are so(i)_that other potential predators avoid them. Among the lizards prey were some beetles that they initially(ii)_because the insects were spraying their hot, irritant defense chemical at the time. Yet even these produced n
6、o apparent ill effects, since the lizards, having eaten, proceeded on their way(iii)_enough.6 When the normally(i)_film director was interviewed, it was only the topic of her next movie that(ii)_her flow of words. Her(iii)_on that subject suggested that it was an unwelcome one.7 Bureaucrats tend to(
7、i)_. So it is surprising that the European Commission is proposing to hand back some of its antitrust powers to national governments. Such a willingness to(ii)_power is quite(iii)_.Perhaps the commission, so often a byword for meddling, bungling, and even corruption, is starting to put its house in
8、order following the forced resignation of the previous lot of commissioners last year.二、 SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship si
9、milar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 In film studies a visually oriented discipline that is_backlit close-ups, eyeline matches, and voyeuristic gazes scholars have often been tone-deaf to the sounds of music. A fixated on B obsessed with C unconcerned with D amused by E bothered by F indi
10、fferent to 9 Consumers may think that genetic engineering of foods is something new, but humans have been modifying plants for ages; the_is not that new genes are introduced but that genes can now be moved from one species to another. A novelty B quandary C advantage D innovation E discrepancy F pre
11、dicament 10 Although the compound is abundant in the environment at large, its presence in the air is not_; only in the form of underwater sediment does it cause damage. A trivial B detectable C deleterious D substantive E detrimental F inconsequential 11 Deacon attempts what seems impossible: a boo
12、k rich in scientific insights, in a demanding discipline, that nevertheless is accessible to_. A skeptics B experts C nonspecialists D zealots E authorities F laypersons 12 Despite relying on the well-to-do for commissions, the portrait painter was no_: he depicted the character of those he painted
13、as he perceived it. A hypocrite B egotist C sycophant D adulator E braggart F coward 13 Despite a dramatic increase in the number of people riding bicycles for recreation in Parkville, a recent report by the Parkville Department of Transportation shows that the number of accidents involving bicycles
14、 has decreased for the third consecutive year. Which of the following, if true during the last three years, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy in the facts? （ A） The Parkville Department of Recreation confiscated abandoned bicycles and sold them at auction to any interested Parkville residents
15、. （ B） Increased automobile and bus traffic in Parkville had been the leading cause of the most recent increase in automobile accidents. （ C） Because of the local increase in the number of people bicycling for recreation, many out-of-town bicyclists ride in the Parkville area. （ D） The Parkville Pol
16、ice Department enforced traffic rules for bicycle riders much more vigorously and began requiring recreational riders to pass a bicycle safety course. （ E） The Parkville Department of Transportation canceled a program that required all bicycles to be inspected and registered each year. 13 What makes
17、 a worker ant perform one particular task rather than another? From the 1970s to the mid-1980s, researchers emphasized internal factors within individual ants, such as polymorphism, the presence in the nest of workers of different shapes and sizes, each suited to a particular task. Other elements th
18、en considered to have primary influence upon an ants career were its age it might change tasks as it got older and its genetics. However, subsequent ant researchers have focused on external prompts for behavior. In advocating this approach, Deborah Gordon cites experiments in which intervention in a
19、 colonys makeup perturbed worker activity. By removing workers or otherwise altering the nest conditions, researchers were able to change the tasks performed by individual workers. 14 According to the passage, which of the following factors were considered from the 1970s to the mid-1980s to influenc
20、e the division of labor among a colonys worker ants? （ A） Ants inherited traits （ B） The age of the ants （ C） The ants experiences outside the nest 15 It can be inferred from the passage that Gordon and earlier researchers would agree with which of the following statements about worker ants? （ A） Di
21、sruption of the nest can affect workers roles. （ B） Genetics predominates over other factors in determining a worker ants role. （ C） An individual workers tasks can change during its lifetime. 16 The last sentence has which of the following functions in the passage? （ A） It explains how the experime
22、nts performed by Gordon differed from those performed by earlier researchers. （ B） It justifies the methodology of the experiments cited by Gordon. （ C） It gives details showing how the experiments cited by Gordon support her position. 16 This passage is adapted from material published in 2001. In 1
23、998 scientists using the neutrino detector in Kamioka, Japan, were able to observe several thousand neutrinos elusive, tiny subatomic particles moving at nearly the speed of light and passing through almost everything in their path. The Kamioka findings have potentially far-reaching ramifications. T
24、hey strongly suggest that the neutrino has mass, albeit an infinitesimal amount. Even a tiny mass means that neutrinos would outweigh all the universes visible matter, because of their vast numbers. The findings also suggest that a given neutrino does not have one stable mass or one stable identity;
25、 instead it oscillates from one identity or “flavor“(physicists term describing how neutrinos interact with other particles)to another. This oscillation may explain why, although the Sun is a large source of neutrinos, detectors capture far fewer solar neutrinos than the best theory of solar physics
26、 predicts: the neutrinos may be changing to flavors undetectable by detectors. Finally, while the standard particle-physics model which describes all matter in terms of twelve fundamental particles and four fundamental forces does not allow for neutrinos with mass, there are theories that do. Furthe
27、r experiments to confirm that neutrinos have mass could help physicists determine which, if any, of these theories is correct. 17 The primary purpose of the passage is to （ A） evaluate the merits of a particular theory in light of new evidence （ B） discuss scientists inability to account for certain
28、 unexpected discoveries （ C） point out certain shortcomings in a long-standing theory （ D） compare several alternative explanations for a particular phenomenon （ E） consider some implications of certain scientific findings 18 According to the passage, one significant implication of the discovery tha
29、t neutrinos have mass is that such a discovery would （ A） cast doubt on the solar origins of many of the neutrinos that reach Earth （ B） help to establish the validity of the standard particle-physics model （ C） indicate that most of the visible matter of the universe is composed of neutrinos （ D） e
30、ntail that the total weight of all the visible matter in the universe is less than that of all the neutrinos in the universe （ E） mean that the speed with which neutrinos normally move can be slowed by certain types of matter 19 Mayor: Four years ago, when we reorganized the city police department i
31、n order to save money, critics claimed that the reorganization would make the police less responsive to citizens and would thus lead to more crime. The police have compiled theft statistics from the years following the reorganization that show that the critics were wrong. There was an overall decrea
32、se in reports of thefts of all kinds, including small thefts. Which of the following, if true, most seriously challenges the mayors argument? （ A） When city police are perceived as unresponsive, victims of theft are less likely to report thefts to the police. （ B） The mayors critics generally agree
33、that police statistics concerning crime reports provide the most reliable available data on crime rates. （ C） In other cities where police departments have been similarly reorganized, the numbers of reported thefts have generally risen following reorganization. （ D） The mayors reorganization of the
34、police department failed to save as much money as it was intended to save. （ E） During the four years immediately preceding the reorganization, reports of all types of theft had been rising steadily in comparison to reports of other crimes. 19 During the 1920s, most advocates of scientific managemen
35、t, Frederick Taylors method for maximizing workers productivity by rigorously routinizing their jobs, opposed the five-day workweek. Although scientific managers conceded that reducing hours might provide an incentive to workers, in practice they more often used pay differentials to encourage higher
36、 productivity. Those reformers who wished to embrace both scientific management and reduced hours had to make a largely negative case, portraying the latter as an antidote to the rigors of the former. In contrast to the scientific managers, Henry Ford claimed that shorter hours led to greater produc
37、tivity and profits. However, few employers matched either Fords vision or his specific interest in mass marketing a product automobiles that required leisure for its use, and few unions succeeded in securing shorter hours through bargaining. At its 1928 convention, the American Federation of Labor(A
38、FL)boasted of approximately 165,000 members working five-day, 40-hour weeks. But although this represented an increase of about 75,000 since 1926, about 70 percent of the total came from five extremely well-organized building trades unions. 20 The passage is primarily concerned with discussing which
39、 of the following? （ A） The relative merits of two points of view regarding a controversy （ B） The potential benefits to workers in the 1920s of a change in employers policies （ C） The reasons for a labor-management disagreement during the 1920s （ D） The status of a contested labor issue during the
40、1920s （ E） The role of labor unions in bringing about a reform 21 It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions “automobiles“(line 10)primarily to suggest that （ A） Fords business produced greater profits than did businesses requiring a workweek longer than five days （ B） Ford, unlike m
41、ost other employers, encouraged his employees to use the products they produced （ C） Ford may have advocated shorter hours because of the particular nature of his business （ D） unions were more likely to negotiate for shorter hours in some businesses than in others （ E） automobile workers unions wer
42、e more effective than other unions in securing a five-day workweek 22 It can be inferred that the author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following claims about the boast referred to in lines 12-13? （ A） It is based on a mistaken estimation of the number of AFL workers who were
43、allowed to work a five-day, 40-hour week in 1928. （ B） It could create a mistaken impression regarding the number of unions obtaining a five-day, 40-hour week during the 1920s. （ C） It exaggerates the extent of the increase between 1926 and 1928 in AFL members working a five-day, 40-hour week. （ D）
44、It overestimates the bargaining prowess of the AFL building trades unions during the 1920s. （ E） It is based on an overestimation of the number of union members in the AFL in 1928. 23 According to the passage, the “reformers“(line 5)claimed that （ A） neither scientific management nor reduced hours w
45、ould result in an improvement in the working conditions of most workers （ B） the impact that the routinization of work had on workers could be mitigated by a reduction in the length of their workweek （ C） there was an inherent tension between the principles of scientific management and a commitment
46、to reduced workweeks （ D） scientific managers were more likely than other managers to use pay differentials to encourage higher productivity （ E） reducing the length of the workweek would increase productivity more effectively than would increases in pay 23 In November 1753, the British author Sarah
47、 Fielding accepted half the payment for her novel The Cry and asked that the other half, when due, go to her “or to whomsoever I shall appoint,“ perhaps indicating that the remaining share was intended for someone else. Indeed, many think that the novel was a collaborative venture between Fielding a
48、nd Jane Collier. This particular collaboration was likely enough, as the two were close friends with common interests. They wrote jointly authored letters, were both published authors with a lively interest in each other s work, and were enthusiastic supporters of didacticism and innovation in ficti
49、on central concerns of The Cry. However, contemporaries ascribed the work solely to Fielding, and there is nothing in the novel that is incompatible with Fieldings other writings. 24 The passage presents which of the following as evidence in favor of Fielding and Colliers having collaborated in writing The Cry? （ A） Their friendship （ B） Their joint authorship of correspondence （ C） Their approach to fiction 25 It can be inferred that the author of the passage wo
