1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a who
2、le. 1 The reality of governance is rarely_ ; institutions do not operate according to mechanical laws, they evolve organically. （ A） static （ B） noble （ C） protean （ D） documented （ E） inconsistent 2 The real problem is not the economic crisis that dominates the headlines, but a pair of intertwined
3、long-term concerns: the shrinking work force, and money squandered on life support for _ industries and backward regions. （ A） relevant （ B） moribund （ C） nascent （ D） deserving （ E） thriving 3 Skeptics have debated whether welfare rights, including those to medical care or employment training,_ sol
4、idarity and fellow-feeling, or whether they erode initiative and_ dependency. （ A） decrease. encourage （ B） affect. reject （ C） retract. invite （ D） control. diminish （ E） express . inculcate 4 This writing is clearly the product of _ art, but it has the flame of spontaneity and the grit of independ
5、ence both as to mode and spirit. （ A） passionate （ B） critical （ C） sedulous （ D） interesting （ E） considerable 5 Jack Kerouac was neither a demon nor a saint but a _ , notably gentle, deeply conflicted and finally self-destructive person whose dream from childhood was to be a writer. （ A） muse （ B）
6、 martyr （ C） cadge （ D） fallible （ E） ascetic 6 Despite his failings, Langs father was commercially_ and fantastically hardworking, and under his_ the construction business flourished. （ A） inexperience. bumbling （ B） astute . aegis （ C） competitive . pretense （ D） incompetent. talents （ E） savvy .
7、misdirection 7 Having been _ as immoral by some reviewers of Tess of the DUrbervilles four years earlier, Hardy subsequently_ to preface his work with declamatory caveats. （ A） decried. opted （ B） established . failed （ C） answered. chose （ D） regarded . relinquished （ E） ignored. desired SECTION 2
8、Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 WEALTH: PENURIOUS ： （ A） liqueur： blameless （ B） pa
9、ssion： blithe （ C） polish： inauthentic （ D） tact： offensive （ E） pomp： barbaric 9 FAUNA: ANIMALS ： （ A） flora： plants （ B） vegetation： aboriginals （ C） fowl： amphibians （ D） livestock： oxen （ E） department： professors 10 ARTICULATE: SPEECH ： （ A） classified： detail （ B） attractive： satisfaction （ C）
10、 elegant： deportment （ D） amenable： mind （ E） servile： admiration 11 RENEGADE: FEALTY ： （ A） infidel： excommunication （ B） apostate： euphoria （ C） traitor： treason （ D） bigot： tolerance （ E） misanthrope： self-esteem 12 REDUNDANT: SUPERFLUITY: （ A） transient： evanescence （ B） malevolent： imperfection
11、 （ C） prevalent： universality （ D） proportionate： elegance （ E） abnormal： conspicuousness 13 TOADY: OBSEQUIOUS: （ A） brigand： arrogant （ B） malefactor： poised （ C） miser： stingy （ D） stickler： careful （ E） aristocrat： eloquent 14 CONIFER: NEEDLE： （ A） potato： tuber （ B） cactus： spine （ C） melon： gou
12、rd （ D） bud： stalk （ E） grove： timber 15 ACT: IMPROVISE ： （ A） fashion： adorn （ B） outline： sketch （ C） speak： extemporize （ D） demonstrate： display （ E） index： conclude 16 CARESS:AFFECTION： （ A） flush： decency （ B） salute： respect （ C） collapse： ennui （ D） obstruct： quandary （ E） apprehend： dread S
13、ECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 17 Scientists have long sought the reaso
14、ns for the relatively young age of the majority of Martian meteorites discovered on Earth in comparison with the age of Mars, an enigma exacerbated by the fact that the Martian rocks were ejected by only six or seven separate impact events. Previous tests had predicted that (5) driving meteorites to
15、 Earth would require a collision with an asteroid immense enough to make a crater 12-kilometers across, but because such huge impacts are extremely infrequent, it was unlikely that enough of them could have occurred to explain our planets Martian meteorite collection. Now astronomer James Heads high
16、er-resolution models demonstrate that (10) collisions making craters only three kilometers across can jettison 10 million fragments, each about 10 centimeters across, into space, a distribution sufficient to cause some of them to be found on Earth. Sections of the planet covered by debris (thus like
17、ly to be made up of older terrain) would require larger and hence rarer impacts, and thus meteorites which reach Earth are (15) predictably biased toward younger ages. 17 The passage is primarily concerned with （ A） presenting an argument to support a particular hypothesis （ B） suggesting an answer
18、to a theoretical question （ C） questioning the assumptions of a research project （ D） criticizing experimental results （ E） explaining the origin of certain scientific data 18 According to the passage, astronomers studying Martian meteors discovered on Earth were perplexed by them for which of the f
19、ollowing reasons? （ A） The meteors found on Earth were too young to have originated from the impacts in question. （ B） The meteors found on Earth were too old to be easily dated. （ C） Not enough impact events have been recorded in recent history to explain how any young meteors would have reached th
20、e Earth. （ D） Impacts on Mars have been so small that scientists question how any meteors have reached the earth. （ E） The age distribution of meteors found on Earth was inexplicably based toward youth. 19 The passage suggests that which of the following is true concerning the probability that a giv
21、en collision on Mars would eject fragments that will hit the Earth? （ A） The probability is higher if the impact produces a crater larger than three kilometers. （ B） The probability is lower if the impact produces a crater smaller than three kilometers. （ C） The probability is decreased when the imp
22、act comes from an area of Mars covered by debris. （ D） The probability is decreased when the fragments produced by the impact are larger than 10 centimeters. （ E） The probability is decreased when the fragments produced by the impact are younger. 20 Which of the following, if true, would cast most d
23、oubt on the conclusions drawn from Heads higher-resolution models? （ A） The results of geographical survey prove that no crater larger than twelve kilometers exists on the surface of Mars. （ B） Fragments from smaller impact events on Mars are highly unlikely to survive entry through the Earths atmos
24、phere. （ C） The velocity of rocks escaping from Mars gravity is greater when they have been loosened by a large impact. （ D） Huge impacts on Mars are proven to be less rare than was previously thought. （ E） A double-succession of large impacts is found to have occurred on Mars in a relatively short
25、period of time. 21 Darwin proposed the theory of sexual selection to explain the origin of ostentatious plumage in certain bird species, maintaining that the ornate features of males are a consequence of female mate selection based on an abstract aesthetic sense, not unlike the process of animal bre
26、eders producing (5) fancy-male varieties of pigeons by conscious artificial selection. Wallace suggested an alternative explanation: through greater physical energy the most highly adorned males are able to win the competition with rival males. Meanwhile Huxley pointed out that male adornment is ins
27、trumental in establishing dominance relationships among males: adornment reduces the (10) physical activity necessary to intimidate rivals. However, Jacobs later examined the process of female choice, concluding that what appeared to be choice of an adorned male by a female was really a mutual attra
28、ction to a certain reproductive site. Mate selection requires an awareness of features characteristic of a suitable breeding site, which might be (15) mirrored in the ornamentation of the male, and thus mate selection is related directly to adaptive niche specialization. From this insight, Austin pr
29、oceeded to develop a food-courtship theory of mate selection: the population most efficient in use of the energy available in a particular niche will be the fittest to survive there. Through natural selection, organisms will tend to become specialized to (20) form isolated populations, each adapted
30、to utilize the energy most efficiently that is available in a particular niche and this process of segregation and specialization of populations is facilitated by employing in the mating process samples of the food available in the preferred niche. In particular cases, the male may display the food
31、to the female or feed it to her in the courtship (25) ceremony, maybe bearing permanent representations of specific foods on his plumage, and the female may be attracted to the male for these representations of the territorial foods. Austins theory may be applied to the case for mate choice among pe
32、afowls, whose males “eyespotted“ tail feathers bear a striking resemblance (30) to blue berries. According to the food-courtship theory, it is because their plumage bears representations of food that peacocks attract peahens, which may explain why males with the most “eyespots“ on their tail have th
33、e greatest mating success. Not inconsistent with a possible role of the “eyespots“ in reproductive competition among males and in aesthetic selection, this (35) explanation seems more plausible than the suggestion that by selecting mates according to the perfection of their tail-feather “eyespots“,
34、peahens are able to identify mates with the greatest “fitness“. This process, bringing together males and females of similar tastes and physiologies, may lead to speciation. Some of the male display features may come to be involved in species (40) identification, and it has also been noted that male
35、 adornment could have a dual function, repelling rival males as well as attracting females. 21 The passage is primarily concerned with （ A） contrasting the role of domination and courtship in determining the evolution of bird plumage （ B） illustrating the effectiveness of a particular approach to ca
36、tegorizing various evolutionary innovations （ C） documenting the origins of a currently accepted scientific theory about food and courtship （ D） proposing a new explanation for the evolutionary reasons behind the ornamentation of male bird plumage （ E） showing that physical adaptation plays an integ
37、ral role in contributing to species identification of birds 22 According to the passage, which of the following determines the shape and coloring of the plumage of a given species of bird within a given ecological niche? （ A） The emergence of a competing species who rely upon the same food source as
38、 the first species （ B） The physical appearance of the food supply available in the niche to the given species （ C） The ability of the first species to collect and make use of the nutritional properties of the food within in the niche （ D） The physical appearance of rival males within the species wh
39、o compete for both the same food supply and females （ E） The physiological effects on fertility of the food available in the niche 23 It may be inferred from the passage that the most recently accepted theory of peafowl “eyespots“ contradicts, in particular, the ideas of （ A） Jacobs （ B） Wallace （ C
40、） Austin （ D） Darwin （ E） Huxley 24 Which of the following, if true, would provide the best proof of the food-courtship theory developed by Austin? （ A） The crested guan has a red throat pouch, giving the impression to its mate that the throat contains a red fruit found in its niche. （ B） The blue b
41、owerbird spreads food of the same color around his nest, teaching its female young to identify the food as nutritious. （ C） Insect-eating birds are less successful from an evolutionary perspective than birds which bear resemblance and subsist upon bright fruit. （ D） The purple finch relies upon a va
42、riety of food sources, but the most nutritious food for birds general happens to be the same color as the finchs coat. （ E） A species of endangered sparrows resembles a food source no longer available in its niche, but the species continues to survive. 25 According to the passage, theorists througho
43、ut history have considered all of the following as possible reasons for the ornamentation of male plumage EXCEPT （ A） Adornment attracts females on the basis of unconscious aesthetic preferences, increasing their evolutionary advantage. （ B） Adornment attracts females to males who resemble their pre
44、ferred food source, thus contributing to the mating process. （ C） Adornment among males signifies heightened physical activity to females, thereby indicating evolutionary superiority. （ D） Adornment reduces the amount of energy necessary to frighten rival males, thereby conserving resources. （ E） Ad
45、ornment in plumage frightens rivals away from a limited food source, thereby ensuring a dominant males survival. 26 The passage suggests that a semblance between a species plumage and the food available in a given ecological niche （ A） is an evolutionary advantage because it allows the males and fem
46、ales of the species to forage for food more efficiently （ B） is an evolutionary advantage because it tends to permit the isolation of the species population, thus increasing food supply （ C） is an evolutionary advantage because it reduces the necessity for rivalry between males of different species
47、by helping identify females （ D） is an evolutionary advantage because it minimizes the amount of energy necessary for the courtship process （ E） is an evolutionary advantage because it provides a marker for the species territory, thus reducing the energy necessary for controlling the niches food sup
48、ply 27 Which of the following illustrative devices is NOT used in the passage? （ A） A contrast of different points of view （ B） An analogy that seeks to illustrate （ C） An example of a theorys applications （ D） Expostulation of a theorys predictions （ E） Repetition of key ideas and expressions SECTI
49、ON 4 Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 28 IMMEDIATE: （ A） exhausting （ B） manifold （ C） prospective （ D） complicated （ E） inadequate 29 PREJUDICED: （ A） sappy （ B） uncomp
