1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a who
2、le. 1 The two reputable hydrogeologists drafted some highly optimistic projections with the _ that these were speculative and should of course be tested. （ A） caveat （ B） analysis （ C） hypothesis （ D） precis （ E） imprimatur 2 If a particular vaccine is produced only by one company at a single facili
3、ty, there is a possibility that the supply of vaccine could grow _ if the company decides to cease production. （ A） useless （ B） inexpensive （ C） abstruse （ D） repugnant （ E） scarce 3 It can not be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted, but scientists are _ to concede the inev
4、itability of that day, _ that new energies can be found in the near future. （ A） bound. assuming （ B） unprepared . skeptical （ C） hesitant. convinced （ D） likely. realizing （ E） eager . hypothesizing 4 Scientists have _ for years that turbulence within the gaseous clouds found throughout the Milky W
5、ay stymies star formation, but some of the forces behind this disturbance remain _ . （ A） doubted. insufferable （ B） posited. unknown （ C） argued. relative （ D） assumed. exoteric （ E） conveyed . insuperable 5 The vireos comeback may prove that habitat along streams in Southern California is recoveri
6、ng from the effects of pollution,_ indicator of environmental health in a state that has lost most of its _ woodlands. （ A） a leading . superfluous （ B） an apocryphal . ecological （ C） a partial . surfeit （ D） a telling . riparian （ E） an anecdotal . arboreal 6 His specialty is bringing to the foref
7、ront the strange and _ acts of depravity that only the impassive and imperturbable subconscious is _ to grasp and reckon with. （ A） withering. surprised （ B） orthodox . avid （ C） silly. unqualified （ D） unseemly. reluctant （ E） macabre.suited 7 Even though avant-garde attacks on the Victorian bourge
8、oisie were _ in rhetoric, deficient in evidence, and malicious in intent, it does not follow that they had no _ grounds. （ A） infantile. cogent （ B） florid. objective （ C） steeped . justificatory （ D） spare . intrinsic （ E） judicious. realistic SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following question
9、s, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 ADDENDUM: DOCUMENT ： （ A） duplication： original （ B） postscript： letter （ C） correspondence： epi
10、stolary （ D） canon： apocrypha （ E） epigraph： preface 9 CAVIL: CRITICIZE ： （ A） chafe： scrub （ B） entice： lure （ C） mandate： require （ D） inundate： deluge （ E） assume： suppose 10 DEHYDRATE: WATER ： （ A） infiltrate： insecurity （ B） wither： vitality （ C） ossify： strength （ D） desecrate： piety （ E） cont
11、aminate： viability 11 BREVITY: EPIGRAM ： （ A） pith： epitaph （ B） wit： ode （ C） paucity： diatribe （ D） fame： aphorism （ E） distortion： caricature 12 WARNING: ADMONITORY ： （ A） decision： ambiguous （ B） alibi： exculpatory （ C） deformity： congenital （ D） stratagem： antagonistic （ E） analysis： holistic 1
12、3 INSURGENT: REBEL ： （ A） architect： renovate （ B） fallacy： distract （ C） quartermaster： maintain （ D） private： marshal （ E） provocateur： agitate 14 CISTERN: LIQUIDS ： （ A） cantilever： crowbar （ B） stalagmite： grotto （ C） landfill： refuse （ D） armory： countermeasures （ E） breviary： wildlife 15 CONDE
13、NSATION: APHORISM ： （ A） subversion： assertion （ B） invention： neologism （ C） exaggeration： caricature （ D） truncation： heuristics （ E） extradition： legislation 16 EARMARK: FUNDS ： （ A） identify： culprit （ B） export： product （ C） schedule： time （ D） embezzle： bursar （ E） adjourn： meeting SECTION 3 D
14、irections: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 17 Air turbulence can substantially accelerate the
15、 appearance of large droplets triggering rain by presenting a new mechanism, the “sling effect“, which increases collisions of droplets that have become detached from the airflow. First, vapor condensation in cloud cores produces small droplets resembling one (5) another in size, which then expand t
16、o raindrop size by coalescing under the effects of air turbulence a force thought to cause collisions of similar-sized droplets whose radii exceed a few micrometers. Then, turbulent vortices act as small centrifuges that spin heavy droplets out, creating concentration heterogeneities and jets of dro
17、plets, both of which increase the mean collision (10) rate, which in turn accelerates rain initiation. One can conclude that rain prediction requires a quantitative description of droplet collision in turbulence, a mechanism which helps meteorologists to forecast rainfall, but detailed understanding
18、 of the phenomenon entails consideration of such factors as warm and cold fronts stretching over hundreds (15) of miles, individual clouds perhaps a mile or so across, and even, as the mechanism illustrates, tiny eddies perhaps a few centimeters or so in size. 17 The primary purpose of the passage i
19、s to （ A） explain and resolve a controversy among meteorologists （ B） present and describe a recently discovered phenomenon （ C） suggest and prove a theory on the cause of a phenomenon （ D） describe and confirm research findings under question （ E） discuss and evaluate the soundness of certain exper
20、imental observations 18 According to the passage, air turbulence generally does which of the following? . Creates small droplets of equal size to form in cloud cores. . Causes different concentrations of rain droplets to form in different places. . Speeds up the rate by which large droplets appear.
21、（ A） only （ B） only （ C） and only （ D） and only （ E） , , and 19 According to the passage, rain prediction requires a quantitative description of droplet collision in turbulence for which of the following reasons? （ A） The “sling effect“ remains unproven and requires experimental corroboration. （ B）
22、The degree to which droplets collide is the only reliable method of assessing air flow. （ C） The degree of turbulence may help forecast the formation of large-size droplets that precipitate rain. （ D） Such factors as warm and cold fronts and individual cloud formations could not be performed otherwi
23、se. （ E） The laws which govern the formation of concentration heterogeneities still need to be discerned. 20 It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes accurate weather predictions based solely on turbulence patterns would be （ A） revolutionary （ B） unreliable （ C） outdated （ D） de
24、rivative （ E） inconsequential 21 Taking the nation-state as our point of spatial reference, we can differentiate not only between historiographies on a sub-national level like villages and cities, but units on a supra-national level. Applied to concrete forms of historiography, however, we confront
25、at least three kinds of problems that (5) complicate this scheme, the first of which, the ideological load of some spatial concepts, was put on the agenda by Edward Saids analysis of the notion of the “Orient“. Said has shown that though most spatial concepts initially appear quite neutral and innoc
26、ent, they often carry important ideological and political implications. Like “the Orient“, the notion of “the primitive“, “the savage“ (10) and the “barbarian“ have fulfilled similar ideological functions in the colonial encounter, because like “the Orient“ they were used as the justification of the
27、 domination of “the primitive“ by its supposed opposite: the “civilized“ part of the world. The second problem is that the spatial scope of a historical work is not (15) always what it seems, especially instances when we would like to assess the relationship between regional and national historiogra
28、phies. The microcosm of the region functions may sometimes be substituted illegitimately for the macrocosm of the nation take for instance, the confusion of Holland for the whole of the Netherlands, a problem that has complicated the classification of (20) historiographies on basis of spatial marker
29、s. The third and perhaps most troubling problem in our spatial scheme is the essentially contested character of its central concept: the nation. The nation belongs to the same category as notions like “freedom“ and “democracy“ that also refuse unambiguous definition and the fundamental problem in th
30、e discourse on the nation is that the nation (25) does not necessarily coincide with the state or even with the nation-state. Sometimes spatial units at a sub-state level, like provinces or tribal areas are represented as nations, and sometimes nations are represented as supra-national units, units
31、exceeding the borders of a nation-state. It is not the task of professional historians to solve these practical issues (30) this is a matter of politics but to clarify the different historical representations in each case. Historians do not have a special task in solving political problems, but as p
32、rofessional specialists of the past they have the task of clarifying the historical roots of political problems, a practice that amounts to the identification and the integration of the different and often conflicting (35) perspectives pertaining to present day issues. It is neither realistic nor re
33、asonable to expect consensus in historiography; as in politics, the most we can strive for is a sound knowledge of the different points of view, leading to a maximum of empathy and to mutual understanding of past and present positions. 21 Which of the following best states the main point of the pass
34、age? （ A） The approach to the problem of spatial boundaries is plagued by a number of problems that historiographers are obliged to confront. （ B） Historiographers can benefit from studying the traditional geography of nations in greater depth. （ C） Historiographers should try to refrain from solvin
35、g the practical issues that arise in the resolution of spatial boundary issues. （ D） The categorization and demarcations of geography at the national level is more complicated than that of the sub-national or supra-national level. （ E） The spatial demarcation of nations is the most complicated issue
36、 in contemporary historiography. 22 It can be inferred from the passage that the author mentions the case of Holland and the Netherlands in order to （ A） cite the case of a “primitive“ or “barbaric“ nation being distinguished from a “civilized“ nation （ B） provide an example of a state whose borders
37、 do not perfectly coincide with those of a nation （ C） offer an example of the characteristics of a nation being applied to a particular area of the nation （ D） present a case of a single region being treated by historiographers as representative of an entire nation （ E） describe the case of a natio
38、n whose cultural and political identities distinguish it from a contiguous state 23 The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions? （ A） What do historiographers consider to be the precise difference between a nation and a nation-state? （ B） What concepts in the fiel
39、d of historiography are considered unambiguous? （ C） Are tribal areas without national spatial markers ever represented as nations? （ D） What is an example of a nation represented in supra-national units? （ E） How does the establishment of national spatial boundaries produce political problems? 24 T
40、he author mentions all of the following as examples of complications arising from the application of spatial markers EXCEPT （ A） An area of a country smaller than the nation considers itself to be a nation. （ B） A boundary is demarcated around a nation which does not include the people of the nation
41、. （ C） A continent is divided into two areas for implicit ideological purposes. （ D） Two nations dispute the exact geography of a border based on an ancient historical claim. （ E） The history of a nation is erroneously conflated with the character of one particular region. 25 The author of the passa
42、ge suggests that historiographers should view history primarily as （ A） a political conflict over spatial boundaries which can only be resolved through the input of historiographers （ B） a chorus of conflicting voices whose dissonances cannot be resolved, but to which historiographers must listen （
43、C） a field that complicates the assignment of geographic boundaries to the extent that such boundaries can never be resolved （ D） a conflict between nations whose sovereignty historiographers have the duty to assess （ E） a history of conflicts over spatial demarcation which are ultimately irrelevant
44、 to the truth of history 26 The author of the passage puts the word “savage“ and “barbarian“ (lines 9-10) in quotation marks most probably in order to （ A） signal his reservations about the way these terms have been used to define geography through human categories （ B） draw attention to the discrep
45、ancies between the way historiographers treat the supra-national and sub-national levels （ C） emphasize historiographys unique tendency to rely upon social categories to draw geographic distinctions （ D） question the notion of the spatial marker itself by asserting the general ambiguity of these ter
46、ms （ E） argue for the replacement of these terms by historiographers with more politically correct substitutes 27 In presenting his analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT （ A） Provide specific examples of the problems in historiography （ B） Describe some of the criteria employed in de
47、termining what makes a nation （ C） Question the adequacy of the historiographers present interpretation of spatial categories （ D） Propose solutions to some the problems in historiography （ E） Make general statements without reference to specific examples SECTION 4 Directions: Each question below co
48、nsists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all th
49、e choices before deciding which one is best. 28 ORIENT: （ A） threaten （ B） sully （ C） puzzle （ D） reject （ E） quicken 29 GERMANE: （ A） uneven （ B） irrelevant （ C） infertile （ D） confirmative （ E） interchangeable 30 DESECRATE: （ A） intensify （ B） confuse （ C） integrate （ D） sanctify （ E） ponder 31 HALLMARK: （ A） untypical characteristic （ B） premature occasion （ C） unlucky event （ D） serious problem （ E） worthless item 32 SEDULITY: （ A） hypocrisy （ B） indolence （ C） refutation of
