1、GRE（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 0 Although t
2、he passenger pigeons, now extinct, were abundant in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century America, archaeological studies at twelfth-century Cahokian sites in the present day United States examined household food trash and found that traces of passenger pigeon were quite rare. Given that the sites were
3、 close to a huge passenger pigeon roost documented by John James Audubon in the nineteenth century and that Cahokians consumed almost every other animal protein source available, Q2the archaeologists conducting the studies concluded the passenger pigeon population had once been very limited before i
4、ncreasing dramatically in post-Columbian America. Other archaeologists have criticized those conclusions on the grounds that passenger pigeon bones would not be likely to be preserved. But all the archaeological projects found plenty of bird bones- and even Q1tiny bones from fish. 1 The author of th
5、e passage mentions “tiny bones from fish” primarily in order to （ A） explain why traces of passenger pigeon are rare at Cahokian sites （ B） support a claim about the wide variety of animal proteins in the Cahokian diet （ C） provide evidence that confirms a theory about the extinction of the passenge
6、r pigeon （ D） cast doubt on the conclusion reached by the archaeologists who conducted the studies discussed in the passage （ E） counter an objection to an interpretation of the data obtained from Cahokian sites 2 Which of the following, if true, would most call into question the reasoning of “the a
7、rchaeologists conducting the studies”? （ A） Audubon was unable to correctly identify twelfth-century Cahokian sites （ B） Audubon made his observations before passenger pigeon populations began to decline. （ C） Passenger pigeons would have been attracted to household food trash （ D） Archaeologist hav
8、e found passenger pigeon remains among food waste at eighteenth-century human settlements （ E） Passenger pigeons tended not to roost at the same sites for very many generations 2 A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarsh
9、ip. Since nineteenth century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects, while others saw themselves as landscape painters. That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harl
10、ey called “the Old is Beautiful Paradigm,” scholars largely focused on maps made before 1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. Early mapmaking was considered art while modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. Alpe
11、rs, however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers. 3 According to the passage, Alpers would say that the assumptions underlying the “paradigm” were （ A） inconsistent with the way some mapmaker
12、s prior to 1800 understand their own work （ B） dependent on a seventeenth-century conception of mapmaking visual engineering （ C） unconcerned with the difference between the aesthetic and technical questions of mapmaking （ D） insensitive to divisions among cartographers working in the period after 1
13、800 （ E） supported by the demonstrable technical superiority of mapmaking made after 1800 4 It can be inferred from the passage that, beginning in the 1980s, historians of cartography （ A） placed greater emphasis on the beauty of maps made after 1800 （ B） expanded their range of study to include mor
14、e material created after 1800 （ C） grew more sensitive to the way mapmakers prior to 1800 conceived of their work （ D） came to see the visual details of maps as aesthetic objects rather than practical cartographic aids （ E） reduced the attention they paid to the technical aspects of mapmaking 4 Some
15、 researchers claim that cetaceanswhales and dolphinshave culture, which the researchers define as the ability to learn from one another. Skeptics, however, demand clear evidence that cetaceans can acquire new behaviors through some form of social learning, preferably clear-cut instances of imitation
16、 or teaching. But such evidence is difficult to obtain. While few people doubt that captive cetaceans are adept at imitation or that they reproduce behaviors taught by researchers, biologists seeking insight into cetaceans behavior in their natural habitats must rely on deduction rather than experim
17、ents. If members of a particular group share behaviors that do not result from genetic inheritance or environmental variation, then they have almost certainly learned them by watching, following, or listening to other animals. 5 Which of the following best describe the function of the highlighted se
18、ntence? （ A） It identifies a factor that complicates biologists ability to draw conclusions about the behavior of cetaceans in their natural environments. （ B） It illustrates the kind of deduction mentioned in the preceding sentence. （ C） It explains why skeptics have remained unpersuaded by evidenc
19、e that has been put forward in support of the claim that cetaceans have culture. （ D） It introduces a claim that would be dismissed by both supporters and opponents of the view that cetaceans have culture. （ E） It notes a previously overlooked factor that might shed light on the question of whether
20、cetaceans have culture. 6 The passage suggests which of the following about captive cetaceans? （ A） Whether they are engaged in social learning is a subject of disagreement among biologists. （ B） Their ability to imitate new behaviors is more extensive than that of noncaptive cetaceans. （ C） They ex
21、hibit few behaviors that have not also been observed in cetaceans in their natural habitats. （ D） They appear to adopt new behaviors more quickly than noncaptive cetaceans. （ E） They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural. 6 Writing about ninet
22、eenth-century womens travel writing, Lila Harper notes that the four women she discussed used their own names, in contrast with the nineteenth-century female novelists who either published anonymously or used male pseudonyms. The novelists doubtless realized that they were breaking boundaries, where
23、as three of the four daring, solitary travelers espoused traditional values, eschewing radicalism and womens movements. Whereas the female novelist criticized their society, the female travelers seemed content to leave society as it was while accomplishing their own liberation. In other words, they
24、lived a contradiction. For the subjects of Harpers study, solitude in both the private and public spheres prevaileda solitude that conferred authority, hitherto a male prerogative, but that also precluded any collective action or female solidarity. 7 Which of the following best characterizes the “co
25、ntradiction” that the author refers to? （ A） The subjects of Harpers study enjoyed solitude, and yet as travelers they were often among people. （ B） Nineteenth-century travel writers used their own names, but nineteenth-century novelists used pseudonyms. （ C） Womens movements in the nineteenth-centu
26、ry were not very radical in comparison with those of the twentieth-century. （ D） Nineteenth-century female novelists thought they were breaking boundaries, but it was the nineteenth-century women who traveled alone who were really doing so. （ E） While traveling alone in the nineteenth-century was co
27、nsidered a radical act for a woman, the nineteenth-century solitary female travelers generally held conventional views. 8 According to the passage, solitude had which of the following effects for the nineteenth century female travelers? （ A） It conferred an authority typically enjoyed only by men. （
28、 B） It prevented formation of alliances with other women. （ C） It relieved peer pressure to conform to traditional values. 8 There have long been dead zoneswater too low in oxygen to sustain most forms of lifein the Gulf of Mexico, which receives the waters of the Mississippi River. Scientists studi
29、ed sediment cores from areas where the gulfs most recent dead zone occurred. The scientists dated the sediment and counted species of foraminifera (marine protozoans) in the sediment; these species thrive in low-oxygen waters. As far back as 1823, the foraminifera thrived especially during Mississip
30、pi River flood years (during which nutrients levels increase), suggesting that nutrients in floodwaters can trigger low-oxygen water. The foraminifera in the core samples were most abundant after 1950, when farmers began using some fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients. Researchers believe that inc
31、reased use of fertilizer leads to more-extreme dead zones. 9 Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole? （ A） It reconciles two opposing theories that were discussed earlier in the passage. （ B） It suggests what the initial
32、 impetus was for the studies mentioned earlier in the passage. （ C） It undermines a hypothesis that was presented in the preceding sentence. （ D） It describes a problem with the methodology of the studies discussed in the passage. （ E） It provides evidence supporting the belief mentioned in the fina
33、l sentence of the passage. 10 It can be inferred from the passage that the “researchers” would agree with which of the following statements about the use of fertilizer? （ A） If farmers near the Mississippi River decreased the amount of fertilizer that they used, the severity of the dead zones could
34、be diminished. （ B） If farmers near the Mississippi River continue their dependence upon fertilizers, foraminifera population will eventually decline. （ C） If farmers near the Mississippi River stopped using fertilizers altogether, there would no longer be dead zones. GRE（ VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷 1答案与解析 SECTI
35、ON 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 1 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 E选项中的 an inte
36、rpretation指的是认为十二世纪的美国没鸽子的这个观点， objection指的是第三句，本题定位到第四句，这句话针对上句 话取反，因此 counter这个词使用无误。所以 E正确。 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 2 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 本题中 “从事研究的考古学家 ”指的是前两句话里认为十二世纪的美国没鸽子的考古学家。这些考古学家仅仅通过 Cahokian遗址在十二世纪没有鸽子踪迹就认为整个美国在十二世纪都没有鸽子，但是 E选项说鸽子不会在同一个地方待很长时间，这就意味着有可能十二世纪只是在 Cahokian遗址没有鸽子，但是在其他地方有鸽子。因此 E选项可以质疑考古学家观点。
37、 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 【 知识模块】 阅读短文章 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 paradigm指的是第四句里 “老的就是漂亮的典范 ”，这里的 “老 ”对应的是十九世纪之前的美学地图。因此这一 paradigm所依赖的假设就是地图制作存在美学和技术的区分。 A选项中 mapmakers prior to 1800指的是十七世纪的地图制作者，他们认为地图制作没区分。因此 Alpers会认为 paradigm的 “有区分 ”与十七世纪的 “没区分 ”是不一致的。 A正确。 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析 】 二十世纪八十年代之后的地图研究者更多地研究技术的
38、地图，而技术的地图是在 1800年之后制作的。因此 B正确。 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 句子功能题。对于这种题目的做法是：定位找到关键词句，找出其3s版本，对应答案。最后一句的 3s版本就是对于鲸的研究只能用推测，也就是前面第四句中提到的推测。同时还有两个线索需要注意： 1 the preceding sentence是特指这句话之前的那一句话，而不是前文的任意一句。 2 if引导的 条件状语从句，本身就是一种可能性的体现，可以对应文中的 deduction。 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 6 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 细节题。以
39、题干中的 captive cetaceans作为定位点，文章中只在第四句的 while部分出现了 captive cetaceans，这里认为 captive cetaceans可以很熟练地模仿和重现行为，换言之就是它们有学习能力，而这种能力在文中被研究者定义为 culture。特别注意的是这里的 qualify的释义为： be qualified as something means to have all the features that are needed to be that thing，被称作是。 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 7 【正确答案】 E/A 【试
40、题解析】 细节题。首先定位原文，在文中第四句话，关键信息提示是 in other words换言之，说明 contradiction在前文一定有所体现，而且这里的 they指代女性旅行者。而女性旅行者的矛盾就在于，一方面她们大胆地进行旅行，对应文中的 accomplishing their own liberation，而另一方面她们又避免激进，拥护传统，对应文中的 espoused traditional values。其他旅行者和小说家之间的对比选项都是错误的，其关键原因就在于 they的对应不准确。 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。根据关键词 sol
41、itude定位到文章最后一句。在最后一句中提到，孤独带给女性两方面影响 conferred authority， hitherto a male prerogative，对应 A选项； precluded any collective action or female solidarity，对应 B选项。答案选 AB。 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 【知识模块】 阅读短文章 9 【正确答案】 E 【试题解析】 高亮句子表明 foraminifera的数量增加是与使用肥料同步的，而科学家们又知道营养物可以促进低氧水的产生进而促进 foraminifera的生长，因此高亮句就是一个证据，最终引出了最后一句，肥料会促进死亡区域的产生这一结论。 【知识模块】 阅 读短文章 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章最后研究者们得到的结论就是肥料的增加会促进死亡区域的产生。因此，肥料的减少也必然会减少死亡区域的产生。 A正确。 本文只能看出，继续使用肥料，死亡区域会一直存在，因而 foraminifera会一直生长。至于以后 foraminifera会不会减少，文中看不出。 B不选。 【知识模块】 阅读短文章
