1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 103及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Modes of Transportation There are a variety of means for transportation. Usually, the choice of transport
3、ation depends on the【 1】 _ of goods 【 1】 _ and the points of distribution. There are five major means of transportation: railroads, airplanes, ships, trucks, and pipelines. Often, goods may be transported by a combination of【 2】 _. 【 2】 _ Railroads are best adapted to the transportation of 【 3】 _ pr
4、oducts that are low in value in relation to their 【 3】 _ weight. Truck lines are effective for transporting high-value goods short distances. With the【 4】 _, trucks can reach 【 4】 _ almost every destination without【 5】 _ goods. Air freight 【 5】 _ used to be a means to speed【 6】 _ or expensive but li
5、ght 【 6】 _ products, but this changed with the introduction of【 7】 _. 【 7】 _ Transportation by waterways is characterized by low cost and low speed. A new development is the use of【 8】 _ships. 【 8】 _ Pipelines are a special form of transportation mainly used to move gasoline, crude oil and【 9】 _, bu
6、t they can also 【 9】 _ move【 10】 _ like coal. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on
7、an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the burglaries mentioned? （ A） They are not serious ones. （ B） They are committed by young people.
8、（ C） They are the most common form of crimes in the area. （ D） The burglars generally have some record in the past. 12 Why does Brown find it difficult to deal with those recidivous criminals? （ A） Because they lack parental love. （ B） Because they are too young. （ C） Because they commit serious cri
9、mes. （ D） Because they are homeless. 13 In child-abuse cases, the court will _. （ A） dissolve the parental relationship （ B） put the child in a foster home （ C） punish the parents （ D） reconcile the child with his parents 14 It seems that Brown has a(n) _ attitude toward the way mental institutions
10、work. （ A） admiring （ B） respectful （ C） disapproving （ D） understanding 15 Brown impresses us as a _ judge. （ A） strict （ B） liberal （ C） traditional （ D） humane SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions t
11、hat follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 US. embassies in East Africa were attacked with bombs in _. （ A） 1989 （ B） 1990 （ C） 1998 （ D） 1999 17 Gujrat is notorious for _ in Pakistan. （ A） training terrorists （ B） human smuggling （ C） drug tra
12、de （ D） suicide bombing 18 Ghailani is a(n) _ by nationality. （ A） Tanzanian （ B） Pakistani （ C） Afghan （ D） Iraqi 19 The Messenger spacecraft was originally scheduled to be launched on _. （ A） Monday （ B） Sunday （ C） Tuesday （ D） Wednesday 20 Which planet is the spacecraft expected to orbit? （ A） M
13、ars （ B） Venus （ C） Mercury （ D） Jupiter 20 Since the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through costcutting programs.
14、(Cost-cutting here is definding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input did not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percen
15、t lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement costcutting, the more they lost their competitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the c
16、ostcutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a “40,40,20“ rule, roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and c
17、apacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional costcutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach including simplifying jobs a
18、nd retraining employees to work smarter, not harder do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown,
19、 an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in costcutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc
20、 with the results on which they are measured. Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny pinching, mechanistic culture in most factorie
21、s that has kept away creative managers. Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structu
22、re and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach, within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such st
23、rategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing. 21 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _. （ A） summarizing a thesis （ B） r
24、ecommending a different approach （ C） comparing points of view （ D） making a series of predictions 22 The author s attitude toward the culture is most factories in best described as _. （ A） cautious （ B） critical （ C） disinterested （ D） respectful 23 In the passage, the author includes all of the fo
25、llowing EXCEPT _. （ A） a business principle （ B） a definition of productivity （ C） an example of a successful company （ D） an illustration of a process technology 24 The author suggests that implementing manufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is _. （ A） flawed and ruinous （ B） shortsighted
26、 and difficult to sustain （ C） popular and easily accomplished （ D） useful but inadequate 24 At last her efforts bore fruit. Burton was appointed to Santos, in Brazil, where Isabel might also go. They made their farewell rounds and Isabel learnt Portuguese while she packed up. At Lisbon three-inch c
27、ock roaches seethed about the floor of their room. Isabel was caught off her guard, but Burton was brutal,“ I suppose you think you look very pretty, standing on that chair and howling at those innocent creatures.“ Isabels reaction was typical. She reflected that of course he was right; if she had t
28、o live in a country full of such creatures, and worse, she had better pull herself together. She got down and started lashing out with a slipper. In two hours she had got a bag of ninety-seven. On arrival in Brazil she found that Portuguese fauna had been nothing. Now there were spiders, as big as c
29、rabs. In the matter of tropical diseases it seems to have ranked with darkest Africa; there were slaves, too, and in a society where men drank brandy for breakfast, no one condemned the habit of chaining mad slave to the roof-top as a sort of domestic pet, or clown. There was cholera too, and the le
30、ss dramatic but agonizing local boils,“ so close you could not put a pin through them.“ The Emperor found the new Consul and his wife a great addition to the country, and once again Burtons wonderful conversation held his audience spellbound. But chic Brazilians looked askance at Isabel wading baref
31、oot in the streams, bottling snakes, painting and doing up a mined chapel, or accompanying Richard on expeditions to the virgin interior. There were gymnastics and cold baths, and Mass and market, “helping Richard with Literature“ (his writing was always in capitals to her) and the wearisome pages o
32、f Foreign Office reports she was always so loyal and dutiful in copying out for him. About now, a note of sadness creeps into Isabel s letters home. We sense an immense loneliness behind the courage with which she always faced life. Richard was going through a particularly trying phase. The explorer
33、 was dying hard, strangled in office tape. He would cut loose and disappear for weeks at a time, returning as bitter and restless as when he left. It was she who held everything together and kept up the facade, both with the Foreign Office, who were constantly making the most awkward enquiries, and
34、the local society, who were equally curious. There were few diversions for her. Richard preferred discussing metaphysics and astronomy with the Capuchin monks to going to the local dances. She was learning now to be self-sufficient, to manage, unobtrusively, the practical side of their lives, and to
35、 rough it, both physically and emotionally. She had to combine the shadow-like devotion of the Oriental woman with a fighting spirit seldom found in women, and certainly not in most Victorian women. 25 We can conclude that Isabel Burton _. （ A） had been trying to get her husband a job in a place whe
36、re she could go with him （ B） had been trying to get her husband a job in Brazil （ C） was always trying to plant fruit trees from Brazil （ D） was always trying to make great efforts in Brazil 26 When her husband laughed at her reaction, Isabel decided _. （ A） to hit her husband with a slipper （ B） t
37、o carry on calmly with what she was doing （ C） to pull herself towards the chair she was standing on （ D） to calm down and behave sensibly 27 Although he was employed by Foreign Office, Richard Burton was _. （ A） interested in becoming a monk or an emplorer （ B） very interested in his work and a num
38、ber of other things （ C） bored by his work and his duties （ D） bored by his work and his many other interests and activities 27 The year which preceded my fathers death made great change in my life. I had been living in New Jersey, working in defense plants, working and living among southerners, whi
39、te and black. I knew about the south, of course, and about how southerners treated Negroes and how they expected them to behave, but it had never entered my mind that anyone would look at me and expect me to behave that way. I learned in New Jersey that to be a Negro meant, precisely, that one was n
40、ever looked at but was simply at the mercy of the reflexes the color of ones skin caused in other people. I acted in New Jersey as I had always acted, that is as though I thought a great deal of myself I had to act that way with results that were, simply, unbelievable. I had scarcely arrived before
41、I had earned the enmity, which was extraordinarily ingenious, of all my superiors and nearly all my co-workers. In the beginning, to make matters worse, I simply did not know what was happening. I did not know what had done, and I shortly began to wonder what anyone could possibly do, to bring about
42、 such unanimous, active, and unbearably vocal hostility. I knew about Jim-crow but I had never experienced it. I went to the same self-service restaurant three times and stood with all the Princeton boys before the counter, waiting for a hamburger and coffee. It was always an extraordinarily long ti
43、me before anything was set before me: I had simply picked something up. Negroes were not served there, I was told, and they had been waiting for me to realize that I was always the only Negro present. Once I was told this, I determined to go there all the time. But now they were ready for me and, th
44、ought some dreadful scenes were subsequently enacted in that restaurant, I never ate there again. It was same story all over New Jersey, in bars, bowling alleys, diners, and places to live. I was always being forced to leave, silently, or with mutual imprecations. I very shortly became notorious and
45、 children giggled behind me when I passed and their elders whispered or shouted they really believed that I was mad. And it did begin to work on my mind, of course. I began to be afraid to go anywhere and to compensate for this I went places to which I really should not have gone and where, God know
46、s, I had no desire to be. My reputation in town naturally enhanced my reputation at work and my working day became one long series of acrobatics designed to keep me out of trouble. I cannot say that these acrobatics night, with but one aim: to eject me. I was fired once, and contrived, with the aid
47、of a friend from New York, to get back on the payroll; was fired again, and bounced back again. It took a while to fire me for the third time, but the third time took me. There were no loopholes anywhere. There was not even any way of getting back inside the gates. That year in New Jersey lives in m
48、y mind as though it were the year dining which, having an unsuspected predilection for it, I first contracted some dread, chronic disease, the unfailing symptom of which is a kind of blind fever, a pounding in the skull and fire in the bowels. Once this disease is contracted, one can never be really
49、 carefree again, for the fever, without an instants warning, can recur at any moment. It can wreck more important race relations. There is not a Negro alive who does not have this rage in his blood one has the choice, merely, of living with it consciously or surrendering to it. As for me, this fever has recurred in me, and d
