1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 107及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Cryptic Coloring Cryptic coloring is the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. Cryptic co
3、loring, may be either general or special. General 1) In general resemblance the animal through its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but no special adaptation of shape and【 1】 _ 【 1】_ is required. 2) General resemblance is commonly employed by the animal inhabiting some uniforml
4、y colored expanse of the earth s surface, such as【 2】 _. The 【 2】_ effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling【 3】 _. 【 3】 _ Special Special resemblance is far commoner than the general one and is the form usually met with on the diversified surface【 4】 _, a
5、s well as on the floating masses of algae 【 4】 _ on the surface of the ocean. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular【 5】 _. 【 5】 _ Accordingly we can note that the animal trie
6、s to be hidden from view by becoming【 6】 _ from its background in case of 【 6】_ general resemblance while the animal tries to be mistaken for some well-known object in case of special resemblance. People have tried to explain these adaptations in two ways. 1) The first suggestion that the effect is
7、a result of the direct influence of the environment on the【 7】 _ breaks down when the complex nature of 【 7】_ numerous special resemblances is【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ 2) The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in【 9】 _. T
8、he 【 9】_ cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of many factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in【 10】 _. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section yo
9、u will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 When did Post office in B
10、ritain employ cats? （ A） In 1868 （ B） In 1886 （ C） In 1898 （ D） In 1889. 12 Why were female cats usually employed by the Post Office? （ A） They could work for 24 hours a day. （ B） They were worse hunters. （ C） They were more persistent hunters. （ D） They worked the whole night. 13 What happened to t
11、he cats if the number of mice in a post office didnt decline within 6 months? （ A） They were killed. （ B） They were punished by not to be given food. （ C） They had to change job. （ D） They were dismissed. 14 Why was Lucky awarded the DFC certificate? （ A） Because of the great amount of rats she caug
12、ht. （ B） Because of her good manner. （ C） Because of her sudden attack on the burglars. （ D） She served for 16 years. 15 Does the Post Office still employ cats? （ A） Yes, as fewer than before. （ B） Yes, but fewer than before. （ C） Yes, they are not needed any more. （ D） No, their services are discon
13、tinued. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How many school districts and the National Education Ass
14、ociation criticize the law? （ A） three （ B） six （ C） nine （ D） four 17 What was Utah s response? （ A） It voted to approved the law （ B） It voted to submit to the federal education reform law when conflict happened （ C） It voted to quit its own education reform plan （ D） It voted to place top importa
15、nce on its own school performance system 18 What is the favorite drink in Ireland? （ A） coffee （ B） stout （ C） brandy （ D） fresh milk 19 Which is the focal point for life in the village? （ A） discotheques （ B） cinemaplexes （ C） church （ D） pub 20 Which of the following sentence is wrong about Mayo a
16、nd village life in Ireland? （ A） Mayo is a very wild county. （ B） In villages around Ireland coming to the pub is a primary entertainment. （ C） Its very easy for you to feel part of the crowd. （ D） Because of the wild environment, you should go to bed early at night. 20 The destruction of our natura
17、l resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion
18、have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays -not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Whe
19、re is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being
20、asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavior
21、al change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can
22、no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue t
23、o press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these thre
24、e goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages. 21 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protect
25、ion chiefly because _. （ A） they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing （ B） they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests （ C） time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it （ D） it is difficult for them to take effective measures 22 The main task now facing
26、 ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _. （ A） to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion （ B） to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection （ C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollution （ D） to improve
27、the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards 23 The word tunnel-versioned (Line 2, Para.4) most probably means _. （ A） narrow-minded （ B） blind to the facts （ C） short-sighted （ D） able to see only one aspect 24 Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading rol
28、e in the solution of environmental problems? （ A） Legislation and government intervention. （ B） The industrys understanding and support. （ C） The efforts of environmental health professionals. （ D） The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists. 25 According to the text,
29、 why destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur? （ A） inevitable phenomenon of social developing （ B） few people are aware of it （ C） the tax exerted on manufacturer is too heavy （ D） difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on the people who cause
30、d the problem 25 The United States has a major racial problem on its hands. True, Britain is facing a similar problem, but for the time being it is in America that it is graver. The only way to solve it is through education. Negroes should know about the contributions that black individuals and grou
31、ps have made towards building America. This is of vital importance for their self-respect, and it is perhaps even more important for white people to know. For if you believe that a man has no history worth mentioning, it is easy to assume that he has no value as a man. Many people believe that, sinc
32、e the Negros achievements do not appear in the history books, he did not have any. Most people are taken aback when they learn that Negroes sailed with Columbus, marched with the Spanish conquerors of South America and fought side by side with white Americans in all their wars. People are astonished
33、 when you tell them about Phillis Wheatley, who learned English as a slave in Boston and wrote first-class poetry. They have never heard of Benjamin Banneker, a mathematician and a surveyor, who helped to plan the city of Washington. There has been a tendency all along to treat the black man as if h
34、e were invisible, little has been written about the 5,000 American Negroes who fought in the Revolution against the British, but they were in every important battle. In the Anglo-American war of 1812, at least one out of every six men in the U. S. Navy was a Negro. In the Civil war, more than 200,00
35、0 black troops fought in the Union forces. How, then, did the image of the Negro as a valiant fighting man disappear? To justify the hideous institution of slavery, slaveholders had to create the myth of the docile, slow- witted Negro, incapable of self-improvement, and even contented with his lot.
36、Nothing could be further from the truth. The slave fought for his freedom at every chance he got, and there were numerous uprisings. Yet the myth of docility persisted. There are several other areas where the truth has been twisted or concealed. Most people have heard of the Negro. Carver, who inven
37、ted scores of new uses for the lowly peanut. But whoever heard of Norbert Rillieux, who in 1846 invented a vacuum pan that revolutionized the sugar-refining industry? Or of Elijah McCoy, who in 1872 invented the drip cup that feeds oil to the moving parts of heavy machinery? How many people know tha
38、t Negroes are credited with inventing such different items as ice creams, potato chips, the gas mask and the first traffic light? Not many. As for the winning the West, the black cowboy and the black frontiersman have been almost ignored, though film producers are becoming more aware of their import
39、ance. Yet in the typical trail crew of eight men that drove cattle from Texas to Kansas, at least two would have been Negroes. The black troops of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry formed one-fifth of all the mounted troops assigned to protect the frontier after the Civil War. What difference does it make
40、? You may ask. A lot. The cowboy is the American folk-hero. Youngsters identify with him instantly. The average cowboy film is really a kind of morality play, with good guys and bad guys and right finally triumphing over wrong. You should see the amazement and happiness on black youngsters faces whe
41、n they learn that their ancestors really had a part in all that. 26 From the passage we know that Negroes _. （ A） have no self-respect. （ B） have no history. （ C） need to have an interest in history. （ D） need to learn what they have done for America. 27 People are surprised to learn that _. （ A） Ne
42、groes achievements are not shown in history books. （ B） Phillis Wheatley learned English. （ C） Negroes are good at mathematics. （ D） Negroes have a very long history in America. 28 How were the Negroes treated in the history books? （ A） They were ignored. （ B） They were condemned. （ C） They were bel
43、ittled. （ D） They were praised. 29 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） That Negroes were docile was denied by the slaveholders. （ B） That Negroes were docile was not quite true. （ C） That Negroes were docile was a lie fostered by their masters. （ D） That Negroes were docile was sheer non
44、sense. 30 According to the passage what is unknown to many people is that _. （ A） the drip cup benefited light industry. （ B） the truth about carver was twisted or concealed. （ C） sugar-refining owes a lot to a Negro. （ D） a Negro invented the frying pan. 30 Ever since it appeared on the cultural sc
45、ene, the Enlightenment has had its passionate critics. Philosophers as well as politicians have criticized its rationalism, its individualism, its cosmopolitanism, its faith in science and technology, its humanism, and its lack of respect for established traditions. Some have criticized individual a
46、spects of it, others have condemned it in its entirety. At times Enlightenment thinking was all but eclipsed, as during the later part of the period of literary Romanticism, while at other times it re-surfaced with renewed vigor. In varying ways it has had a challenged and challenging presence in We
47、stern thought to this day. In recent decades Enlightenment thinking has been the target of critical endeavors once more. This time it is its individualism and cosmopolitanism that have come under persistent attack from various quarters, together with its attempt to find and formulate universally val
48、id norms and values. Anti-Enlightenment initiatives have surfaced inside the United States as well as worldwide. They are often launched in the name of “multiculturalism,“ “ethnic identity,“ the supposed importance of “roots,“ and the general importance of “difference“ as opposed to peoples common h
49、umanity. With respect to social integration, advocates of ethnic separateness prefer cultural and racial “salad bowls“ to the traditional American “melting pot.“ An issue is the Enlightenment idea that ideally every individual should not only have the right, but even the obligation to determine for himself or herself who
