1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 1 The History of American Indians When Europeans discovered the Western hemisphere, they discovered a race o
3、f people. 【 1】 _ called them Indians. I shall have something to say about their 【 2】 _and early history, the 【 3】 _ for them of European settlement in the New World, the part they have played in American history, their number, distribution and condition today. Most scholars believe that the homeland
4、 of the Indians was eastern Asia. They migrate to North America along a land 【 4】 _from Siberia to Alaska. The Indians were a 【 5】 _people. They lived in 【 6】 _, spoke many languages, and gained their living in different ways. 【 7】 _revolutionized their hunting and warfare. Whiskey corrupted them. 【
5、 8】 _changed the lives of some Indians. The Indians were under pressure to take 【 9】 _in the great French and British War of the eighteen century. The Indians made many efforts to prevent the advance of the frontier. In 【 10】 _, a great uprising against the British began under a Michigan Indian lead
6、er. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will
7、 be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What subject is Mr. Pitt good at? （ A） Art. （ B） French. （ C） German. （ D） Chemistry. 12 What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare time? （ A） Doing a bit of acting and photography. （ B） Going to concert
8、s frequently. （ C） Playing traditional jazz and folk music. （ D） Traveling in Europe by hitch-hiking. 13 When asked what a managers role is, Mr. Pitt sounds _. （ A） confident. （ B） hesitant. （ C） resolute. （ D） doubtful. 14 What does Mr. Pitt say he would like to be? （ A） An export salesman working
9、overseas. （ B） An accountant working in the company. （ C） A production manager in a branch. （ D） A policy maker in the company. 15 Which of the following statements about the management trainee scheme is TRUE? （ A） Trainees are required to sign contracts initially. （ B） Trainees performance is evalu
10、ated when necessary. （ C） Trainees starting salary is 870 pounds. （ D） Trainees cannot quit the management scheme. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you wi
11、ll be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which statement is not true about Doha round? （ A） It is not sure whether the Doha round can be finalized in several months （ B） 148 nations are involved in this round （ C） These nations have to achieve a deal before they reach an agreement on the n
12、egotiating package （ D） WTO chief is not pessimistic about the future 17 Mr Supachai stressed that _. （ A） the Doha round cant be finished by 2006 （ B） strong political will is necessary （ C） nations can continue the negotiation even if there were no consensus among them （ D） Decembers conference to
13、 be held in Doha next year is important 18 Where were the Kuwaitis captured? （ A） Afghanistan and Iraq （ B） Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan （ C） India and Pakistan （ D） Pakistan and Afghanistan 19 Which statement is true? （ A） Many detainees in Guantanamo Bay have been held for more than 2 years （ B） U.S go
14、vernment doesnt permit Wilner to discuss their cases （ C） Some of the Kuwaitis are members of Taliban （ D） Human rights group are deeply concerned about the situation of the detainees 20 What do Microsoft expect XP to do? （ A） They expect that XP will attract users to use their new product （ B） They
15、 expect that XP will enhance American economy （ C） They expect that XP will slow down computer sales （ D） They expect that XP will replace the old editions 21 The main idea of these business-school academics is appealing. In a world where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of compet
16、ition, it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder. Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas. How can firms get the most out of people ff they can no l
17、onger offer them protection and promotion? Many bosses would love to have an answer. Sumantra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business School think they have one: “Employability.“ If managers offer the right of training and guidance, and change their att
18、itude towards their underlings, they will be able to reassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good jobeven ff it is with a different company. Unfortunately, they promise more than they deliver. Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should accompl
19、ish are hard to quarrel with: encourage people to be creative, make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the must of them, keep the organization from getting stale and so forth. The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might
20、actually create such an environment. At its nub is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers, and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine. The authors offer a few inspiring example of companiesthey i
21、nclude Motorola, 3M and ABBthat have managed to go some way towards mating such organizations. But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it, and leave the biggest questions unanswered, How do you continuously train people, without diverting them from their everyday job of making the b
22、usiness more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value, and not simply on those they enjoy? Must of their answers a
23、re platitudinous, and when they are not they are unconvincing. 21 We can infer from the passage that in the past an employee _. （ A） had job security and opportunity of promotion （ B） had to compete with each other to keep his job （ C） had to undergo training all the time （ D） had no difficulty clim
24、bing the corporate ladder 22 What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett? （ A） Very instructive. （ B） Very inspiring. （ C） Hard to implement. （ D） Quite harsh. 23 In their work, Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss （ A） changes in business organizations （ B） contracts bet
25、ween employers and employees （ C） employment situation （ D） management ideas 24 This passage seems to be a(n) _ （ A） book review （ B） advertisement （ C） news report （ D） research paper 25 According to Chritopher Bartlett what will improve “employability“? （ A） Ability to lay out ones talents to empl
26、oyers. （ B） Skills and knowledge accumulated from school education. （ C） Training opportunity and guidance offered by company. （ D） Being creative and ready to share collective wisdom. 26 Languages will continue to diverge. Even if English were to become the universal language, it would still take m
27、any different forms. Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesnt vary hugely alongside a large number of variants used by local peoples. We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and not just for reasons of practicality.
28、Learning a language is good for your mental health; it forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education will develop a more rational approach to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so many people b
29、elieve its no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline. But you can argue that learning another language well is more taxing than, say, learning to play chess wellit involves sensitivity to a set of complicated r
30、ules, and also to context. Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may, for instance, alleviate the drudgery that a vast translation represents. But no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can substitute for knowledge of the different l
31、anguages. A machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important. Languages com
32、e with heavy cultural baggage tooin French or German if you missed the cultural references behind a word youre very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to a computer. All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the worlds popu
33、lation in the 21st century. I dont think foreign languages will really become less important, but they might be perceived to beand that would in the end be a very bad thing. 26 From the first paragraph we can infer that _. （ A） English is the universal language （ B） Chinese would become the universa
34、l language （ C） languages always take kinds of forms （ D） English has no variants, but Chinese does 27 Which of the following is TRUE? （ A） If a language is not good for practicality, we can drop it. （ B） We can understand another cultural and intellectual system by learning language. （ C） Time devo
35、ted to language teaching has never declined. （ D） We should spend more time in learning language than playing chess. 28 Why cant a computer translation substitute for knowledge of different languages? Because _. （ A） computer can alleviate much drudgery （ B） computer is always behind the times （ C）
36、computer cant get the inner meaning of words （ D） computer has no sensation 29 What does the author mean by “that would in the end be a very bad thing“ in the last paragraph? （ A） Less and leas people will use English. （ B） Foreign languages will become less important. （ C） Foreign languages will be
37、 perceived less important. （ D） We must realize the importance of foreign languages. 30 Which of the following is the best title of the passage? （ A） Learning Foreign Languages. （ B） Language Continuing to Diverge. （ C） The Limitation of Technology in Learning Foreign Language. （ D） The Inner Meanin
38、g of Words. 31 Rewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and preserve cultural values. In all cultures, parents must teach their children to avoid danger and to observe the communitys moral precepts. Adults also condition each others observa
39、nce of social norms, using methods ranging from mild forms of censure, such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark, to imprisoning or executing individuals for behavior considered deviant or dangerous. The caning of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore for vandalism in 1994
40、 brought wide media attention to cultural differences in the application of punishment. Faced with increasing violence at home, many Americans endorsed Singapores use of corporal punishment to maintain social order. Was Fays punishment effective? Whether he subsequently avoids vandalism is unknown,
41、but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singaporewhich he left promptly. The operant techniques societies use to maintain social control vary in part with the dangers and threats that confront them. The Gusii of Kenya, with a history of tribal warfare, face threats not only from o
42、utsiders but also from natural forces, including wild animals. Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on rewards in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children. Caning, food deprivation, and withdrawing shelter and protection are common forms of punishment. In con
43、trast, the Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca, Mexico, are a highly cohesive community, with little internal conflict, and social norms that encourage cooperation. Their social patterns appear adaptive, for the Mixtecans are dominated by the nearby Spanish Mexicans, who control the official government and man
44、y economic resources in their region. The Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or jarl sentences or use physical punishment to deter aggression in either adults or children. Rather, they tend to rely on soothing persuasion. Social ostracism is the must feared punishment, and social ties within th
45、e community are very strong, so responses that reinforce these ties are effective in maintaining social order. In the United States, fear of social ostracism or stigma was once a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior, especially in small communities. Today, even impriso
46、nment does not appear to be an adequate deterrent to many forms of crime, especially violent crime. Although one reason is the inconsistent application of punishment, another may he the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the intense stigma it once had, so that prison is no longer as an effecti
47、ve punishment. 31 The best title of this passage would be _. （ A） Crime and Punishment （ B） Reward and Punishment （ C） Social Order （ D） Two Case Studies: Gnsti of Kenya and Mixtecans of Juxtlshuaca 32 According to the passage, whet is a universal cultural norm in maintaining social order? （ A） Chil
48、dren must he obedient to their parents. （ B） People must publicly complain when someone misbehaves. （ C） People should do their parts to ensure that others comply with social rules. （ D） People should publicly humiliate the wrongdoers. 33 What can he inferred from the Michael Fay case? （ A） Many Ame
49、ricans were opposed to the corporal punishment that Michael Fay received in Singapore. （ B） The American media did not pay any attention to cultural differences until 1994. （ C） The caning was effective because Michael Fay subsequently refrained from vandalism. （ D） Michael Fay left Singapore immediately after the caning punishment. 34 What would a Gusii mother from Kenya most likely do to punish her children? （ A） To stop giving them pocket money. （ B） To
