1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 132及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Characteristics of a Bureaucracy People usually hold negative opinion towards bureaucracy, but according
3、to Max Weber, bureaucracy has live characteristics, which entail both positive and negative influences on the society. Division of Labor Specialized experts are employed in each position to perform specific tasks. Positive influence: becoming highly skilled and working with 1 _. 【 1】 _. Negative inf
4、luence: Trained incapacity: workers become so specialized that they develop blind spots and cannot notice 2 _. 【 2】 _. Serious threat to the unemployed. Sex discrimination due to unnecessary distinctions between men and women. Hierarchy of Authority Each position is under supervision of a 3 【 3】 _.
5、Positive influence: bringing women advantage at lower levels of bureaucracy. Negative influence: preventing women from being promoted to higher positions Women are viewed more as 4 than as innovators, not aggressive enough 【 4】 _. to serve in higher management posts. Written Rules and Regulations Al
6、l the work in a bureaucracy is carried out in accordance to specific rules and regulations. Positive influence: Ensuring 5 of every task 【 5】 _. Offering employees clear job performance standards. Creating a sense of 6 in a bureaucracy. 【 6】 _. Negative influence: Leading to goal displacement, i.e.
7、rules becoming more important than achieving certain objective. 7 【 7】_. Duty is carried out without personal consideration of people as individuals. Positive influence: ensuring 8 of each person 【 8】 _. Negative influence: leading to cold and uncaring feelings of modern organizations Employment Bas
8、ed on Technical Qualifications Hiring is based on technical qualifications, and performance is measured against specific standards. Positive influence: 9 can be more open and fair. 【 9】 _. Loyalty to the organization can be encouraged. Negative influence: talented people being promoted continuous ti
9、ll they get to positions 10 . 【 10】_. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At
10、 the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interview is mainly a discussion concerning _. （ A） men and position （ B） men and property （ C） women and inheritance （ D） women and property 12 According to the
11、 interview, what is called property grabbing? （ A） The husbands property is taken by his relatives. （ B） The husbands property is taken by the government. （ C） The husbands property is taken by robbers. （ D） The husbands property is taken by his wife. 13 The women dont do anything to prevent propert
12、y grabbing because _. （ A） the law is against them （ B） they dont know that they have fights to keep property （ C） the law is for them （ D） they dont want to damage the relationship with her husbands relatives 14 According to the interview, the way of preventing property grabbing for the women is to
13、 _. （ A） learn more about the inheritance law （ B） quarrel with her husbands relatives for her property fiercely （ C） ask her relatives to put her husbands relatives into prison （ D） go to Mrs Mutwa for assistance 15 Which of the followings is not Mrs Mutwas recommendation? （ A） Making a will with t
14、he husband （ B） Registering your home. （ C） Getting legal advice from a lawyer. （ D） Donating the property. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be g
15、iven 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Who will not attend the summit organized by the ASEAN? （ A） Heads of state. （ B） Heads of government. （ C） Representatives of international organizations. （ D） Peace lovers. 17 Which is the most possible reason for such a disaster? （ A） The doors were lock
16、ed （ B） A flare fired into the clubs ceiling. （ C） There was a rock concert. （ D） People are too crowded 18 Thy surplus reported by Hong Kong government is _ billion HK dollars above the original estimate. （ A） 21.4 （ B） 9.4 （ C） 12 （ D） 7.5 19 Which of the following is NOT tile major source of the
17、surplus? （ A） Profit of the overseas investment. （ B） Land premiums. （ C） Salaries tax. （ D） Stamp duty. 20 North Koreas decision to resume nuclear disarmament talks _ to its long-standing goal of a nuclear- free Korean Peninsula （ A） means the United States is not any closer （ B） does not mean the
18、United States is not any closer （ C） means the United States is any closer （ D） does not mean the United States is any closer 20 Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a bab
19、ys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real; a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with no eyes will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to e
20、yes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them draw people with mouths, but 99 percent of them draw people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infant
21、s do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversational
22、 partner. The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined. Speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves tha
23、t their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye
24、contact. If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing d
25、ark glasses there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. (362) 21 The author is convinced that the eyes are _. （ A） of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas （ B） something through which one can see a persons inne
26、r world （ C） of considerable significance in making conversations interesting （ D） something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate 22 Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person _. （ A） whose front view is fully perceived （ B） whose face is covered with a mask （ C） whose face
27、is seen from the side （ D） whose face is free of any covering 23 According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversational partners neck because _. （ A） they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker （ B） they need not communicate through eye contact （ C） they dont
28、think it polite to have eye contact （ D） they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood 24 According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to _. （ A） one temporarily glancing away from the other （ B） eye contact of more than one seco
29、nd （ C） improperly timed ceasing of eye contact （ D） constant adjustment of eye contact 25 To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants _. （ A） not to wear dark spectacles （ B） not to make any interruptions （ C） not to glance away from each other （ D） not to make unpred
30、ictable pauses 25 The number of scientists and engineers going to America to study and work is dropping precipitously. An important reason is the length of time it now takes to get a visa. This is both deterring would-be visitors from coming, and hindering some of those who try. Not only may this le
31、ad to a decline in Americas scientific strength, it is also an undeserved obstacle for many students. Things are getting a little better-delays in visa processing, according to both Americas State Department and academic observers, are shorter than a year ago. And only a small percentage of student-
32、visa applications are held up for extremely long periods. Nonetheless, since the summer of 2003, applicants for student visas have been required to appear at an American consulate for an interview. Because consular staffs have not been expanded, this has led to delays of several weeks in order to si
33、t for an interview that often lasts only a few minutes. Such a blanket requirement puts undue stress on both students and consulates, without yielding tangible security benefits. A more focused system makes more sense. The current mess could prove costly to America. Its economic and military prowess
34、 owes a great deal to emigrating scientists and engineers. They were key members of the team which built its first atomic bomb in 1945, and they have played an important role ever since. In 2001, 35% of science and engineering doctorates a- warded by American universities went to foreign students, a
35、nd foreigners comprise a similar proportion of Americas scientific and engineering workforce. Furthermore, several requirements have exacerbated delays, with little benefit to security. For example, checks on scientists working in areas that might relate to national security (exactly which areas are
36、 secret) are currently valid only for a year. Since such checks take on average two months to complete, and cannot be applied for within America, it thus becomes difficult to complete a course of study lasting five or six years. Visas should be granted for the duration of a course of study -if someo
37、ne is not deemed a security risk today, it is un- likely he will be so a year from now. Legitimate visa holders should be allowed to enter and leave the country, and to apply for a renewal of their visas while still in America There are also problems at home. The State Department and the Department
38、of Homeland Security, which are jointly responsible for visas, are struggling to respond to the concerns of scientists but they are woefully ill- equipped files are exchanged twice weekly with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) on computer disks, while the FBI takes up to three days to reply
39、that a person has not appeared on its database. Furthermore, the State Department keeps inadequate data about visa delays and applications. This is inexcusable. All manners of businesses use software today to segment and understand their customers behavior. The governments failure to use the same te
40、chnology is leading to both inefficiency and a decrease in security. A more logical visa regime would make America safer, and those wishing to study or work there happier. Other countries are currently benefiting from the shortcomings in Americas system. But change would, in the long term, serve eve
41、n their interests. A return to honest global competition for scientists and engineers would be healthier and more productive. 26 The fact that key members of team that built Americas first nuclear bomb were foreigners is used to _. （ A） prove that foreign experts are important for the U. S. （ B） pro
42、ve visa system used to be more effective in the past （ C） show that visa system was not really necessary in the past （ D） explain that countries have always been competing for professions 27 The author implies all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） the US relies heavily on foreign professionals. （ B） v
43、isa system may be useless, or even harmful （ C） the US government has not put high technology to good use （ D） the more efficient the government, the safer the country 27 The centenary of the birth of William Faulkner, one of the great modern novelists, was celebrated in September, 1997. Faulkner wr
44、ote about the southern states of the United States of America where he grew up, and where his family had an important part to play in the history of that region. His work became a touchstone for insights into the troubled issues of southern American identity, race relations, and the family interrela
45、tion- ships of the old-time southern gentry. Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi on September 25, 1897. Despite his interest in writing, he left Oxford High School, Mississippi, without graduating. After World War 1, he entered the University of Mississippi as a special student, a right to
46、study which was granted to war veterans, although Faulkner had training with the Air Force in Canada, he did not enter combat. Faulkner began to write poems, a verse play, short stories and finished his first novel Satoris in 1928. His fiction was centered for 14 of the 19 novels published during hi
47、s lifetime a fictional region called Yoknapatawpha County. The name is said to be stem from the India Chickasaw word meaning split land. In December 1950, Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. When he accepted it in Stuck-holm, his speech emphasized that he wished to continue writing,
48、 but in a positive way that affirmed the power of humanity to prevail over adverse circumstances. As he said in his speech, he still felt that, despite the threat of nuclear war then hanging over the world, the central concern of the writer should be “the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself“, He wanted the tension and problems that he had cast the spotlight on in the southern states of America to be resolved by the life-affirming attitudes and actions of his characters. Like playwright Tennessee Williams, Faulkner was a major voice who spoke for the troubled he
