1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 133及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Primary Functions of the Family The family is a basic unit in a society. Sociologists have done much. res
3、earch about the function of family, and have come up with different opinions. This lecture is about some positive functions the family plays in human society. . Definition of the Family A family is a set of people who are related by blood, marriage, or 1 and who share the primary responsibility for
4、the society. 【 1】 _. . Understanding of the Family Functions in the Past The family functioned as a .source of society inequality or injustice because A. It plays a role in the 2 of power, property, and privilege. 【 2】 _. B. It denies opportunities to 3 and limits freedom 【 3】 _. in sexual expressio
5、n and mate selection. . Family Performs Six Major Functions in Modern Society. A. As a social system, it satisfies the needs of its members and contributes to the 4 of society. 【 4】_. B. As a basic unit of society, the family performs six vital functions: 1 Reproduction: Through reproduction, it con
6、tributes to human 5 . 【 5】 _. 2 Protection: Human children experience a very long period of 6 and the family 【 6】 _. assumes the responsibility of protecting and bringing up children. 3 Socialization; The family transmits norms, values and 7 of a culture to the child. 【 7】 _. 4 Sexual behaviour 8 :
7、Standards of sexual behaviour are most clearly defined【 8】 _. within the family circle. 5 Supplying 9 : The family provides its members with warm and intimate 【 9】 _. relationships and helps them feel satisfied and warm. 6 Providing social status: People inherit a social position including 10 becaus
8、e of their family background. 【 10】 _. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. A
9、t the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Why wont Zanele send her children to school? （ A） She thinks that her children can learn more things from her. （ B） She hates school and thus has a had feeling towa
10、rds school. （ C） Her children will only play at school. （ D） Her children are in bad health. 12 All the followings are the reasons why Zaneles children dont grow properly EXCEPT _. （ A） they dont have enough nutritious food （ B） their bones have no time to grow well because of the hard work they do
11、（ C） their bodies have worked too hard （ D） they are always beaten by their mother 13 According to the passage, which word can best describe Zanele? （ A） Carefree. （ B） Obstinate. （ C） Easy-going. （ D） Optimistic 14 The primary purpose of the visit of Gugu and Zandi to Zanele family is to _. （ A） se
12、e her for a while because they miss her very, very much （ B） visit her because they will have a party （ C） have a discussion about how children should be raised （ D） bake a cake for Zaneles family party 15 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） how some mothers on the farm worry about the childrens ed
13、ucation （ B） how some children help their mother to do the chores on a farm （ C） how some thin children are forced to work in the field （ D） how Gugu and Zandi make a visit to their friends family SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen careful
14、ly and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Whats the news mainly about? （ A） The advantages of an economy based on farming. （ B） Reasons farmers continued using river transportation. （ C） The role of cotton in
15、the United States economy. （ D） Improved methods of transporting farm crops. 17 According to the news, what caused the growth of the US economy about 200 years ago? （ A） The new technology used to build roads. （ B） The ability to transport goods over land （ C） The trade in grain and cotton. （ D） The
16、 linking of smaller local roads into one long road 18 According to the news, what did private companies do after they built new roads? （ A） Reduced charges for transporting farm products. （ B） Required payment from vehicles that used their roads. （ C） Made repairs to older roads. （ D） Installed stre
17、etlights on roads connecting major cities. 19 What did police attribute the accident to? （ A） Poor visibility. （ B） Slippery conditions caused by the rain. （ C） Both A and B （ D） The narrow national highway. 20 What can we learn from the passage? （ A） The decision was made in a world summit on fight
18、ing against terrorism. （ B） Africa will benefit a lot from this decision. （ C） The decision was made by common consent of its member countries from the beginning. （ D） Blair announced that aid to Africa would rise from 25 million US dollars annually to 50 million by 2010. 20 That Louis Nevelson is b
19、elieved by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculptor. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps for purel
20、y physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United
21、States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States, while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States
22、 before the 1940s, it was only after 1945-when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world-that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best were the works of women. By far the most outstanding of these women is Louis Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is
23、 the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, “For my- self, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail.“ Her work have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and Mer
24、zbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by American sculpture, and by native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and
25、the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere except that it has to pass through a creative mind.“ Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural or
26、naments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-
27、inspiring atmosphere Although she denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggests such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional
28、 sculpture, but then neither Louis Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category. (450) 21 The passage focuses primarily on _. （ A） a general tendency in twentieth-century art （ B） the work of a particular artist （ C） the artist influences on women sculptors （ D） materials used by twentieth-centu
29、ry sculptors 22 The author quotes Hilton Kramer in paragraph 2 most probably in order to illustrate _. （ A） the realism of Nevelsons work （ B） the unique qualities of Nevelsons style （ C） a distinction between sculpture and painting （ D） the extent of critical approval of Nevelsons work 23 Which of
30、the following is one way in which Nevelsons art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in paragraph 4? （ A） She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone （ B） She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes. （ C） She makes no preliminary sketches but rather allows the sculpture to develop
31、as she works. （ D） She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures. 24 The author regards Nevelsons sculpture in the art world as “remarkable“ (Line 2, ParaI ) because _. （ A） Nevelsons sculptures are difficult to understand （ B） few of the artist
32、s prominent in the twentieth century have been sculptors （ C） women sculptors have found it especially difficult to be accepted and recognized as major artists （ D） many art critics have favored painting over sculpture in writing about developments in the art world 24 Shams and delusions are estimat
33、ed for soundest troths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a f
34、ight to be, music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, that petty fears and petty pleasures are but the shadow of the reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By c
35、losing the eyes and slumbering, and consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundations. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live
36、 it worthily, but who thinks that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that “there was a kings son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to t
37、he barbarous race with which he lived. One of his fathers ministers discovered him, revealed to him what he was, anti the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul,“ continued the Hindoo philosopher, “from the circumstance from which it is placed, mistak
38、es its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme.“ We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at the meeting ho
39、use, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop; or a dwelling-house? and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in our account of them. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the furthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In et
40、ernity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminate in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetua
41、lly instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Lets spend our lives in conceiving them. The poet or the artist never yet had so fair and noble a design some of
42、 his posterity at least could accomplish it. (495) 25 The author believes that a child _. （ A） should practice what the Hindoos preach （ B） frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do （ C） prefers to be a barbarian than to be a prince （ D） hardly ever knows his true origin 26 The passage
43、 implies that human beings _. （ A） believe in fairy tales （ B） are immoral if they are lazy （ C） should be bold and fearless （ D） cannot distinguish the true from the untrue 27 The passage is primarily concerned with problems of _. （ A） music and art （ B） society and population （ C） history and econ
44、omics （ D） theology and philosophy 27 The communists preoccupation with economic growth and their whole attitude towards economic progress have been shaped by Marxs theory of long-run development of human society. This theory places economic development at the center of the entire social philosophy
45、and it is impossible to study the Marxists political, social and economic views without referring to it. Without the knowledge of this theory it is difficult to understand the communists dogmatic belief in the superiority of their system, whatever are the observable facts, and their faith in the fin
46、al victory over capitalism. Economic development has to lead, sooner or later, to socialism and communism and it is necessary to build socialism and, later, communism to make future economic growth possible. This principle is valid for all countries without any exception. They all have to proceed al
47、ong the same path although they may be placed at different points of it at present. Such is the logic of history. This theory, which is usually referred to as “historical materialism“, “the materialistic conception of history“, or “Marxs historical determinism“, is believed by Marxists to be useful
48、not only as the explanation of the past and the present but also as the basis for the prediction of the future course of history. As the final judgment on any prophecy has to be made in the light of the subsequent events, it is interesting to compare the developments since the theory was presented b
49、y Marx with the pattern which could have been expected on the basis of Marxs prediction. The purpose of this paper is to outline briefly such a comparison and to discuss the communist explanation of the disparity, which had appeared between the actual and the predicted course of events. The paper does not attempt to evaluate the philosophical aspects of th
