1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 157 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The Stock Market When a new company is organized and shares are sold, it is not hard to determine the va
3、lue of each share: all the shares together represent the total value of the company. . The best way to explain how the stock market works. To imagine you form a company to produce a soda with 4 friends: 1) putting in $600 together for the expenses involved in-the【 1】 _ of the【 1】 _ company; 2) stati
4、ng every【 2】 _ represents $10 of the present value of the company;【 2】 _ 3) owning a share signifies-a part owner of the company. . Stock price increases when【 3】 _ is good and the value of the company jumps. 【 3】_ 1) the【 4】 _ $600 invested$1,800 in value at present 【 4】_ 2) $10 per share originall
5、y 【 5】 _ each currently 【 5】 _ . Stock price falls when business is worse and the value of the company drops. 1)【 6】 _ of $1,800a low point of $300 【 6】 _ 2) $30 per share$5 per share . How to buy stocks? 1) to find a【 7】 _ buying and selling stock for other people; 【 7】_ 2) the stockbroker s enteri
6、ng a stock market; 3) the stockbroker s inquirement of other brokers about your buying; 4) the stockbroker s【 8】 _ of the stock purchase; 【 8】 _ 5) to pay the bill -the amount of purchase long hair, robes, veils and conspicuous deference are popular in all three faiths. The leaders tend to live in c
7、omfortable houses and enjoy the trappings of their power: large cars, acolytes and bodyguards. They talk in generalities about the justice of their cause and the Almightys firm support. Those who serve as cannon fodder, on the other hand, are likely to be young, vulnerable, socially disadvantaged an
8、d poorly educated, and to have a sense of personal or collective humiliation. Violence for the cause gives them a feeling of purpose, dignity and the transcendent experience of serving, and perhaps dying for, ideals that they regard as pure. With faith, the weak become strong, the selfish become alt
9、ruistic, and rage turns to conviction. If some of this sounds predictable, it is not to diminish the interest of Sterns account. A leading expert On terrorism and a lecturer at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, she has tracked down and interviewed an impressive range of activists in a var
10、iety of causes from Florida to Kashmir. On a subject that tends to be richer in rhetoric than in detail, a writer able and willing to get this close is hard to find. These are not always profoundly penetrating encounters: there is an implicit bargain- which Stern readily acknowledges-that if you are
11、 allowed across the threshold it is bemuse your interlocutor has an agenda that he imagines will be furthered. Terrorists need people to notice what they do and, for reasons of fund-raising and recruitment, want to convince a wider circle that the cause is just. Perhaps Stems critics would deem this
12、 a reason to stay away, but they would be wrong. She is a levelheaded investigator whose knowledge of the background of groups like these adds perspective to her interviews. A feeling of complete certainty, let alone absolute purity, is hard to come by in the examined life. To foster the conviction
13、that God supports the murder of innocents requires a tightknit group and a settled hatred of the Other: in these circles, whites hate blacks and Jews; Jews and Christians hate Muslims and vice versa; anti-abortion crusaders hate gynecologists. All of them seem to have it in for homosexuals and most,
14、 even the Americans, bate contemporary America. Tolerance and womens rights, as Stern observes, are irritating to those left behind by modernity. Avigdor Eskin, a millenarian Jew, believes, rather against the evidence, that the United States is conspiring to destroy Israel. To meet him, Stern, who i
15、s careful to share this kind of detail, dressed in a long skirt, long sleeves and a scarf that covered her hair, neck and shoulders completely an outfit that would have been equally de rigueur for a meeting with a strict Muslim. And as Eskin himself volunteers, they resemble each other in more than
16、their dress code: “Here in Israel, we dont like to say this very loudly, but the radical right Jewish groups have a lot in common with Hamas.“ Both, Stern adds, have twin political and religious objectives and both use selective readings of religious texts and of history to justify violence over ter
17、ritory. If to the outsider the manners are similar, each group believes itself to be uniquely favored by the Almighty, and each individual follows his own trajectory. A Palestinian suicide bomber might be suffering from what Stern describes as the epidemic of despair that afflicts his people. An Ame
18、rican Identity Christian who was sickly as a child still burns with the humiliation of being made to join a girlsgym class at school. A young madrasah student in Pakistan says that the day he came to the religious school was the first time in his life he had enough food to eat or clothes to wear; tw
19、o of his fellow pupils tell her that education and wealth are the two greatest threats to their cause. The argument is often a fight about land and resources expressed through the powerful ideologies of identity. Some groups-the mujaheddin who fought in Afghanistan or the Muslim warriors in Indonesi
20、a-were created by state security services but have now escaped from control. Most enjoy ample funds and money has become, for many, a reason for continuing the war. In between her interviews, Stern offers a cogent analysis of methodologies and structures: she distinguishes between lone-wolf avengers
21、 and organizations with hierarchies of command, between networks, franchises and freelances, between inspirational leaders and leaderless resistance. She lays out the impact of the post-9/11 war on terror on organizations like Al Qaeda and confirmed my suspicion that both the rhetoric and the realit
22、y of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have boosted their numbers without crippling their capacity to harm. To fight todays terrorism with an army is like trying to shoot a cloud of mosquitoes with a machine gun. The hard part, of course, is what to do instead. Stern describes how winner-take-all glo
23、balization provokes powerful resentment in a wide range of communities. Failed states, weak or tyrannical governments, social deprivation, arbitrary use of power and a perception of injustice-all help generate recruits. The Internet and the easy availability of weapons helps empower the discontented
24、. On an individual level, though, why one true believer in search of a transcendent experience should become a saint and another a terrorist seems to be chance: it can come down to the wrong company at the vulnerable moment. On a global scale, Stern ventures some general policy advice, without claim
25、ing to offer a solution. As a description of the problem, though, this is a serious and provocative beginning. 24 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion? （ A） Those who criticize Stern would be wrong in effect. （ B） Stems analysis of terrorist structures is quite
26、 convincing. （ C） Stern does not try to offer solutions to end terrorism. （ D） Humus uses selective readings of history to justify violence. 25 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Terrorists appreciate womens rights. （ B） Some terrorists die for their ideals
27、. （ C） Terrorists tend to hate homosexuals. （ D） Some terrorist groups fight for money. 26 We can infer from the passage that _. （ A） different terrorist groups actually have a lot in common （ B） the United States is secretly planning to destroy Israel （ C） the war against terrorism has largely fail
28、ed in its purpose （ D） Stem bad to bargain with terrorists before interviewing them 27 This passage is most probably part of _. （ A） a summary of interviews （ B） a book review （ C） a true story （ D） a biography 28 The writer comments on Stems investigation and analysis in a _ tone. （ A） indifferent
29、（ B） negative （ C） positive （ D） ironic 28 When Maggie was gone to sleep, Stephen, weary too with his unaccustomed amount of rowing and with the intense inward life of the last twelve hours, but too restless to sleep, walked and lounged about the deck, with his cigar, far on into midnight, not seein
30、g the dark water-hardly conscious there were stars-living only in the near and distant future. At last fatigue conquered restlessness, and he rolled himself up in a piece of tarpaulin on the deck near Maggies feet. She had fallen asleep before nine, and had been sleeping for six hours before the fai
31、ntest hint of a midsummer daybreak was discernible. She awoke from that vivid dreaming which makes the margin of our deeper rest. She was in a boat on the wide water with Stephen, and in the gathering darkness something like a star appeared, that grew and grew till they saw it was the Virgin seated
32、in St Oggs boat, and it came nearer and nearer till they saw the Virgin was Lucy and the boatman was Philip, who rowed past without looking at her; and she rose to stretch out her arms and call to him, and their own boat turned over with the movement and they began to sink, till with one spasm of dr
33、ead she seemed to awake and find she was a child again in the parlour at evening twilight. From the soothed sense of that false waking she passed to the real waking, to the plash of water against the vessel, and the sound of a footstep on the deck, and the awful starlit sky. There was a moment of ut
34、ter bewilderment before her mind could get disentangled from the confused web of dreams; but soon the whole terrible truth urged itself upon her. Stephen was not by her now: she was alone with her own memory and her own dread. The irrevocable wrong that must blot her life had been committed-she had
35、brought sorrow into the lives of others-into the lives that were knit up with hers by trust and love. The feeling of a few short weeks had hurried her into the sins her nature had most recoiled from-breach of faith and cruel selfishness; she had rent the ties that had given meaning to duty, and had
36、made herself an outlawed soul with no guide but the wayward choice of her own passion. And where would that lead her? -where had it led her now? She had said she would rather die than fall into that temptation. She felt it now-now that the consequences of such a fall had come before the outward act
37、was completed. There was at least this fruit from all her years of striving after the highest and best-that her soul, though betrayed, beguiled, ensnared, could never deliberately consent to a choice of the lower. Her life with Stephen could have no sacredness; she must for ever sink and wander vagu
38、ely, driven by uncertain impulse; for she had let go the clue of life-that clue which once in the far off years her young need had clutched so strongly. She had renounced all delights then, before she knew them, before they had come within her reach; Philip had been right when he told her that she k
39、new nothing of renunciation: she had thought it was quiet ecstasy; she saw it face to face now-that sad patient living strength which holds the clue of life, and saw that the thorns were for ever pressing on its brow. That yesterday which could never be revoked-if she could exchange it now for any l
40、ength of inward silent endurance she would have bowed beneath that cross with a sense of rest. 29 The passage seems to suggest that Maggie _ . （ A） had some special feeling for Philip （ B） loathed the love affair with Stephen （ C） fell into the water without waking （ D） dreaded being alone with memo
41、ry 30 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Maggie had a rather good rest in her sleep. （ B） Maggie and Stephen were in the same boat. （ C） Maggie found a fruit after years of searching. （ D） Maggie didnt intend to be selfish and hurt others. 31 Which of the f
42、ollowing can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） Maggie experienced a complex and passionate inward life. （ B） Maggie did not really give up what she once desired. （ C） Maggie had poor relations with her family members. （ D） Maggie was sophisticated even when she was young. 32 The author intends
43、to present the reader an analysis of Maggies _. （ A） fantasies （ B） psychology （ C） character （ D） repentance 32 The story of Polly Klaas murder by a man with a history of violence galvanized California voters into passing the states three-strikes-and-youre-out law in 1994. Two dozen states and the
44、federal government have now adopted similar laws. Still, only in California can conviction on any third felony put someone behind bars for life. That singularity points to what is wrong with the California law, despite its emotionally wrenching origins. Eleven years after Polly was snatched from her
45、 upstairs bedroom and murdered, voters are troubled by other stories-about the Army veteran who stole $153 worth of videotapes or the father who pinched a box of diapers for his baby, both now in prison for life, and about the $31,000 that taxpayers pony up every year to house such individuals. Thos
46、e tales should push voters to pass Proposition 66, correcting a gross injustice while reserving the harshest punishment for those who commit the worst crimes. Proposition 66 would limit third-strike offenses to serious or violent felonies; thats the law many voters now say they thought they passed b
47、ack in 1994. Excluded would be crimes like petty theft, passing a bad check or holding a small amount of drugs. These offenses would remain felonies for repeat offenders, who could still get longer prison terms for each new crime. Only the life sentence is excluded. Of Californias 7,300 third-strike
48、rs, 4,200 are doing 25 years to life for a nonserious or nonviolent felony. Proposition 66 also requires judges to resentence these third-strikers, meaning some who have already served several years behind bars may be freed. Los Angeles County Dist. Atty. Steve Cooley first campaigned for office in
49、2000 arguing that the 1994 law was unduly harsh and wisely promising not to charge as strikes most nonviolent, nonserious felonies without a good reason. Because Cooley has made good on that promise, his opposition to Proposition 66 is particularly disappointing. He-along with Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Oakland Mayor and former Gov. Jerry Brown and Atty. Gen.
