1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 164及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden Age structure refers to the percentage of the population in different
3、 age 【 1】 _Mexicos age structure is quite different from Swedens in 【 1】_ that the former is like a【 2】 _with a wider base. In Sweden, the age 【 2】_ structure is shaped like a rectangle, which results from a(n)【 3】 _ 【 3】_ birth rate and low death rate in early and middle age. In Mexico, the populat
4、ion is expanding rapidly. In Sweden, the population is stable in size with a(n)【 4】 _distribution. 【 4】 _ The Effects of Different Age Structures: -Age structures affects population growth: a) A country with a larger percentage of people at the bottom of the pyramid will have a【 5】 _population growt
5、h rate. 【 5】_ b) a larger proportion of women of【 6】 _age results in a faster 【 6】_ population growth. -Age structure affects【 7】 _: 【 7】 _ 1) a larger percentage of people of【 8】 _age means more wealth 【 8】_ and higher standard of living. 2) a larger proportion of children is responsible for more e
6、xpenditure on【 9】 _to achieve the same standards. 【 9】 _ 3) the【 10】 _rate is likely to be higher for jobs will have to be 【 10】_ found for a larger number of graduates. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will h
7、ear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Bob, Sri Lanka is we
8、ll-known for the following EXCEPT_. （ A） beach （ B） high mountains （ C） jungles （ D） waterfalls 12 What is the purpose of Bobs trip to Sri Lanka? （ A） To spend his holidays. （ B） To participate in a business negotiation. （ C） To meet his Australian friend there. （ D） To attract Sri Lankan students t
9、o undertake degree studies in Australia. 13 What are the students from Sri Lanka most interested in according to Bob? （ A） Accountancy and computing. （ B） Business and finance. （ C） Law and business. （ D） Architecture and engineering: 14 Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the current situation in
10、 Sri Lanka? （ A） Students have difficulty in finding jobs. （ B） There exists an internal strife. （ C） The economy is in a recession. （ D） The economy is developing rapidly. 15 What are the parents in Sri Lanka most concerned about if they send their children to Australia? （ A） Expenditure. （ B） Safe
11、ty. （ C） Cultural difference. （ D） Accommodation SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The Bush and Ke
12、rry campaigns exchanged attacks regarding_. （ A） inflation （ B） budget deficit （ C） national security （ D） unemployment rate 17 _participated in the debate between the Bush and Kerry campaigns. （ A） Cheney and Kerry （ B） Bush and Kerry （ C） Cheney and the head of Democratic Party （ D） The heads of D
13、emocratic and Republic parties 18 According to Cheney, Kerry is in favor of_. （ A） cutting down on expenditure on defense and intelligence （ B） increasing expenditure on national defense （ C） allocating more fund on environmental pollution （ D） levying more tax on large businesses 19 The Food and Ag
14、riculture Organization predicts that which of the following is likely to decrease? （ A） World grain supplies. （ B） World grain production. （ C） World grain consumption. （ D） World grain trade. 20 Wheat supplies have decreased in recent years because_. （ A） wheat prices are very low in the world （ B）
15、 the demand for wheat is decreasing （ C） many regions are affected by drought （ D） the wheat consumption is becoming less 20 According to legend, Aesculapius bore two daughters, Panacea and Hyegeia, who gave rise to dynasties of healers and hygienists. The schism (分离 )remains today, in clinical trai
16、ning and in practice; and, because of the imperative nature of medical care and the subtlety of health care, the former, has tended to dominate. Preventive medicine has as its primary objective the maintenance and promotion of health. It accomplishes this by controlling or manipulating environmental
17、 factors that affect health and disease. For example, in California presently there is serious suffering and substantial economic loss because of the failure to introduce controlled fluoridation(加氟作用 )of public water supplies. Additionally, preventive medicine applies prophylactic(预防性的 ) measures ag
18、ainst disease by such actions as immunization and specific nutritional measures. Third, it attempts to motivate people to adopt healthful lifestyles through education. For the most part, curative medicine has as its primary objective the removal of disease from the patient. It provides diagnostic te
19、chniques to identify the presence and nature of the disease process. While these may be applied on a mass basis in an attempt to “screen“ out persons with preclinical disease, they are usually applied after the patient appears with a complaint. Second, it applies treatment to the sick patient. In ev
20、ery case, this is, or should be, individualized according to the particular need of each patient. Third, it utilizes rehabilitation methodologies to return the treated patient to the best possible level of functioning. While it is true that both preventive medicine and curative medicine require cadr
21、es of similarly trained personnel such as planners, administrators, and educators, the underlying delivery systems depend on quite distinctive professional personnel. The requirements for curative medicine call for clinically trained individuals who deal with patients on a one-to-one basis and whose
22、 training is based primarily on an understanding of the biological, pathological, and psychological processes that determine an individuals health and disease status. The locus (地点 )for this training is the laboratory and clinic. Preventive medicine, on the other hand, calls for a very broad spectru
23、m of professional personnel, few of whom require clinical expertise. Since their actions apply either to environmental situations or to population groups, their training takes place in a different type of laboratory or in a community not necessarily associated with the clinical locus. The economic d
24、ifferences between preventive medicine and curative medicine have been extensively discussed, perhaps most convincingly by Winslow in the monograph The Cost of Sickness and the Price of Hearth. Sickness is almost always a negative, nonproductive and harmful state. All resources expended to deal with
25、 sickness are therefore fundamentally economically unproductive. Health, on the other hand, has a very high value in our culture. To the extent that healthy members of the population are replaced by sick members, the economy is doubly burdened. Nevertheless, the per capita cost of preventive measure
26、s for: specific diseases is generally far lower than the per capita cost of curative medicine applied to treatment of the same disease. Prominent examples are dental caries(蛀牙 ), poliomyelitis(脊髓灰质炎 ) and phenylketonuria(苯丙酮尿 ). There is an imperative need to provide care for the sick person within
27、a single medical care system, but there is no overriding reason why a linkage is necessary between the two components of a health care system, prevention and treatment. A national health and medical care program composed of semiautonomous systems for personal health care and medical care would have
28、the advantage of clarifying objectives and strategies and of permitting a more equitable division of resources between prevention and cure. 21 The authors primary concern is to _. （ A） refute a counterargument （ B） draw a distinction （ C） discuss a dilemma （ D） isolate causes 22 It can be inferred t
29、hat the author regards a program of controlled fluoridation of public water supplies as _. （ A） an unnecessary government program that wastes economic resources （ B） a potentially valuable strategy of preventive medicine （ C） a government policy that has relatively little effect on the health of a p
30、opulation （ D） an important element of curative medicine 23 Which of the following best explains the authors use of the phrase “doubly burdened“ in Para. 4? （ A） A person who is iii does not contribute to production; treatment consumes economic resources. （ B） The per capita cost of preventive measu
31、res is only one-half of the per capita cost of treatment. （ C） The division between preventive medicine and curative medicine requires duplication of administrative expenses. （ D） The individual who is ill must be rehabilitated after the cure has been successful. 24 It can be inferred that the autho
32、r regards Winslows monograph (in Para. 4) as _. （ A） ill-conceived （ B） incomplete （ C） authoritative （ D） well organized 24 Two techniques have recently been developed to simplify research and reduce the number of nonhuman primates needed in studies of certain complex hormonal reactions. One techni
33、que involves the culturing of primate pituitary(垂体 )cells and the cells of certain human tumors. In the other, animal oviduct (输卵管 ) tissue is transplanted under the skin of laboratory primates. Both culturing techniques complement existing methods of studying intact(完整的 ) animals. With an in vitro
34、culturing technique, researchers are deciphering how biochemical agents regulate the secretion of prolactin(催乳激素 ), the pituitary hormone that promotes milk production. The cultured cells survive for as long as a month, and they do not require serum (血清 ), a commonly used culture ingredient that can
35、 influence cellular function and confound study results. One primate pituitary gland may yield enough cells for as many as 72 culture dishes, which otherwise would require as many animals. The other technique allows scientists to monitor cellular differentiation in the reproductive tracts of female
36、monkeys. While falling short of the long-sought goal of developing an in vitro model of the female reproductive system, the next-best alternative was achieved. The method involves transplanting oviduct tissue to an easily accessible site under the skin, where the grafted cells behave exactly as if t
37、hey were in their normal environment. In about 80 percent of the grafts, blood vessels in surrounding abdominal skin grow into and begin nourishing the oviduct tissue. Otherwise, the tissue is largely isolated, walled off by the surrounding skin. A cyst(囊胞 ) forms that shrinks and swells in tandem(一
38、前一 后的串联 ) with stages of the menstrual cycle. With about 80 percent of the grafts reestablishing themselves in the new site, a single monkey may bear as many as 20 miniature oviducts that are easily accessible for study. Because samples are removed with a simple procedure requiring only local anesth
39、esia, scientists can track changes in oviduct cells over short intervals. In contrast, repeated analysis of cellular changes within the oviduct itself would require abdominal surgery every time a sample was taken a procedure that the animals could not tolerate. Scientists are using the grafting tech
40、nique to study Chlamydia (衣原体 )infections, a leading cause of infertility among women. By infecting oviduct tissues transplanted into the abdominal skin of rhesus (罗猴 )monkeys, researchers hope to determine how the bacteria cause pelvic inflammatory disease and lesions(损害 )that obstruct the oviduct.
41、 Such research could eventually lead to the development of antibodies to the infectious agent and a strategy for producing a Chlamydia vaccine. 25 This passage deals primarily with _. （ A） reproductive organs of nonhuman primates （ B） diseases of the pituitary glands （ C） in vitro studies of pituita
42、ry hormones （ D） techniques for studying hormonal reactions 26 According to the passage, the primary benefit of the new research is that _. （ A） scientists can study the pituitary gland for the first time （ B） the procedures are simpler and require fewer laboratory animals （ C） the study of intact l
43、aboratory animals has now been rendered obsolete （ D） researchers were able to discover prolactin 27 All of the following are true of the transplantation technique EXCEPT that _. （ A） it avoids the need for subjecting a laboratory subject to repeated major surgery （ B） it permits scientists to monit
44、or changes frequently （ C） the transplanted cells grow as they would in their normal site （ D） the transplanted cells can be easily grown in vitro 28 According to the passage, Chlamydia causes infertility in women by _. （ A） causing tissue changes which block the oviduct （ B） shrinking and swelling
45、tissues in conjunction with the menstrual cycle （ C） allowing skin tissue to encyst reproductive tissue （ D） necessitating abdominal surgery to remove damaged tissue 28 In the summer of 999, Leif Erikson voyaged to Norway and spent the following winter with King Olaf Tryggvason. Substantially the sa
46、me account is given by both the Saga of Eric the Red and the Flat Island Book. The latter says nothing about Leifs return voyage to Greenland, but according to the former it was during this return voyage that Leif discovered America. The Flat Island Book, however, tells of another and earlier landfa
47、ll by Biarni, the son of a prominent man named Heriulf, and makes that the inspiration for the voyage to the new land by Leif. In brief, like Leif, Biarni and his companions sight three countries in succession before reaching Greenland, and to come upon each new land takes 1 “doegr“ (time record) mo
48、re than the last until Biarni comes to land directly in front of his fathers house in the last-mentioned country. This narrative has been rejected by most later writers, and they may be justified. Possibly, Biarni was a companion of Leif when he voyaged from Norway to Greenland via America, or it may be that the entire tale is but a garbled account of that voyage and Biarni another name for Leif. It should be noted, however, that the stories of Leifs visit to King Olaf and Biarnis to that kings predecessor are in the same narrative in the Flat Island Book, so there is less likelihood of
