1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 167及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is usually referred to as the “hidden dimension“ of commu
3、nication, which is at times so【 1】 _ that we 【 1】_. hardly recognize it. Our intense emotions are usually conveyed by gestures, body position, facial expression, vocal【 2】 _, eye contact, use of【 3】【 2】_. _, and touching. 【 3】 _ Two points about how nonverbal communication functions: -The nonverbal
4、cues are sometimes the only way to communicate. -The nonverbal cues can help interpret the verbal message. The cues can signal the message of humor and【 4】 _. 【 4】 _. Another area of nonverbal communication: Body bubbles, also termed【 5】 _, refers to our personal space. 【 5】 _. Were seldom conscious
5、 of body bubbles until somebody comes too close or 【 6】 _ our private space. We tend to adapt our body position when our 【 6】_. 【 7】 _ are invaded. 【 7】 _. Many factors that influence body bubbles: a. Personal【 8】 _. 【 8】 _ b. The social context. c. Gender relationship. d.【 9】 _ 【 9】 _. The conversa
6、tional space between two Latin American people is 【 10】 _ than the space between two Asian people. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the
7、questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the interview, bow did people view the practices that favour boys at the expense of
8、 girls? （ A） People took it for granted. （ B） People always questioned this value. （ C） Girls do less than the boys in the family. （ D） Boys need more nutrition than girls. 12 According to the interview, Saras grades have fallen probably because _. （ A） She was tired of the study at school. （ B） She
9、 didnt get enough to eat. （ C） She helped too much with the chores. （ D） She always slept in the class. 13 According to the family tradition about food distribution, which of the following statements is NOT correct? （ A） Sara had less to eat than her elder brother. （ B） Saras mother had less to eat
10、than her father. （ C） Sara had more to eat than her elder sister. （ D） Saras mother had less to eat than her brother. 14 In the later part of the interview, if the family is short of food in the hungry season, how did the mother distribute the food? （ A） She served everybody equally. （ B） She served
11、 girls less food. （ C） She gave more food to the boys. （ D） She gave more food to the father. 15 The ultimate purpose of the interview is to _. （ A） make the parents be aware of the importance of equality in the family. （ B） make people know that girls and boys should be treated differently. （ C） fi
12、nd good solutions about how to study well in the school. （ D） find good solutions about how to solve a family quarrel. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, yo
13、u will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which group Polled in the survey doesnt believe in miracles? （ A） Non-Orthodox Jewish doctors. （ B） Orthodox Jewish doctors. （ C） Protestant doctors. （ D） Buddhist doctors. 17 _ called on both side to refrain from fighting. （ A） Martti Ahtisaari
14、 （ B） Aceh （ C） Helsinki （ D） Government official 18 According to the passage, Italy will _. （ A） send 3,000 troops to Iraq （ B） hasten the withdrawal of its troops from Iraq （ C） pull its troops out of Iraq in September （ D） draw its troops to safeguard the G-8 summit. 19 _ does not belong to China
15、s four major operators of basic telecom service. （ A） China Telecom （ B） China Railcom （ C） China Mobile （ D） China Unicom 20 By the end of May, how many phone users have been registered in China? （ A） 692 million. （ B） 25. 25 billion. （ C） 330 million. （ D） 358 million. 20 Since the late 1970s, in
16、the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through costcutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is definding the amount of labor constant.) Howeve
17、r, from 1978 through 1982, productivitythe value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor inputdid not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturn
18、s. At the same, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement costcutting, the more they lost their competitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies: it became clear to me that the costcutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed,
19、 Manufacturing regularly observes a“ 40, 40, 20“ rule, roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 per
20、cent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional costcutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approachincluding simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder-do produce results
21、. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathy s study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in cos
22、tcutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured, production managers hav
23、e always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers. Every company I know that has
24、 freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufact
25、uring strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach, within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus
26、 on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing. 21 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with_. （ A） summarizing a thesis （ B） recommending a different approach （ C） comparing points of view （ D） ma
27、king a series of predictions 22 The authors attitude toward the culture is most factories in best described as_. （ A） cautious （ B） critical （ C） disinterested （ D） respectful 23 In the passage, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） a business principle （ B） a definition of producti
28、vity （ C） an example of a successful company （ D） an illustration of a process technology. 24 The author suggests that implementing manufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is_ （ A） flawed and ruinous （ B） shortsighted and difficult to sustain （ C） popular and easily accomplished （ D） useful
29、 but inadequate 24 At last her efforts bore fruit. Burton was appointed to Santos, in Brazil, where Isabel might also go. They made their farewell rounds and Isabel learnt Portuguese while she packed up. At Lisbon three, inch cockroaches seethed about the floor of their room. Isabel was caught off h
30、er guard, but Burton was brutal,“ I suppose you think you look very pretty, standing on that chair and howling at those innocent creatures.“ Isabels reaction was typical. She reflected that of course he was right; if she had to live in a country full of such creatures, and worse, she had better pull
31、 herself together. She got down and started lashing out with a slipper. In two hours she had got a bag of ninety-seven. On arrival in Brazil she found that Portuguese fauna had been nothing. Now there were spiders, as big as crabs. In the matter of tropical diseases it seems to have ranked with dark
32、est Africa; there were slaves, too, and in a society where men drank brandy for breakfast, no one condemned the habit of chaining mad slave to the roof-top as a sort of domestic pet, or clown. There was cholera too, and the less dramatic but agonizing local boils,“ so close you could not put a pin t
33、hrough them.“ The Emperor found the new Consul and his wife a great addition to the country, and once again Burtons wonderful conversation held his audience spellbound. But chic Brazilians looked askance at Isabel wading barefoot in the streams, bottling snakes, painting and doing up a ruined chapel
34、, or accompanying Richard on expeditions to the virgin interior. There were gymnastics and cold baths, and Mass and market,“ helping Richard with Literature“ (his writing was always in capitals to her) and the wearisome pages of Foreign Office reports she was always so loyal and dutiful in copying o
35、ut for him. About now, a note of sadness creeps into Isabels letters home. We sense an immense loneliness behind the courage with which she always faced life. Richard was going through a particularly trying phase. The explorer was dying hard, strangled in office tape. He would cut loose and disappea
36、r for weeks at a time, returning as bitter and restless as when he left. It was she who held everything together and kept up the facade, both with the Foreign Office, who were constantly making the most awkward enquiries, and the local society, who were equally curious. There were few diversions for
37、 her, Richard preferred discussing metaphysics and astronomy with the Capuchin monks to going to the local dances. She was learning now to be self-sufficient, to manage, unobtrusively, the practical side of their lives, and to rough it, both physically and emotionally. She had to combine the shadow-
38、like devotion of the Oriental woman with a fighting spirit seldom found in women, and certainly not in most Victorian women. 25 We can conclude that Isabel Burton （ A） had been trying to get her husband a job in a place where she could go with him. （ B） had been trying to get her husband a job in Br
39、azil. （ C） was always trying to plant fruit trees from Brazil. （ D） was always trying to make great efforts in Brazil. 26 When her husband laughed at her reaction, Isabel decided （ A） to hit her husband with a slipper. （ B） to carry on calmly with what she was doing. （ C） to pull herself towards the
40、 chair she was standing on. （ D） to calm down and behave sensibly. 27 Although he was employed by Foreign Office, Richard Burton was （ A） interested in becoming a monk or an emplorer. （ B） very interested in his work and a number of other things. （ C） bored by his work and his duties. （ D） bored by
41、his work and his many other interests and activities. 27 The year which preceded my fathers death made great change in my life. I had been living in New Jersey, working in defense plants, working and living among southerners, white and black. I knew about the south, of course, and about how southern
42、ers treated Negroes and how they expected them to behave, but it had never entered my mind that anyone would look at me and expect me to behave that way. I learned in New Jersey that to be a Negro meant, precisely, that one was never looked at but was simply at the mercy of the reflexes the color of
43、 ones skin caused in other people. I acted in New Jersey as I had always acted, that isas though I thought a great deal of myselfI had to act that waywith results that were, simply, unbelievable. I had scarcely arrived before I had earned the enmity, which was extraordinarily ingenious, of all my su
44、periors and nearly all my co-workers. In the beginning, to make matters worse, I simply did not know what was happening. I did not know what had done, and I shortly began to wonder what anyone could possibly do. to bring about such unanimous, active, and unbearably vocal hostility. I knew about Jim-
45、crow but I had never experienced it. I went to the same self-service restaurant three times and stood with all the Princeton boys before the counter, waiting for a hamburger and coffee. It was always an extraordinarily long time before anything was set before me: I had simply picked something up. Ne
46、groes were not served there, I was told, and they had been waiting for me to realize that I was always the only Negro present. Once I was told this, I determined to go there all the time. But now they were ready for me and, thought some dreadful scenes were subsequently enacted in that restaurant, I
47、 never ate there again. It was same story all over New Jersey, in bars, bowling alleys, diners, and places to live. I was always being forced to leave, silently, or with mutual imprecations. I very shortly became notorious and children giggled behind me when I passed and their elders whispered or sh
48、outedthey really believed that I was mad. And it did begin to work on my mind, of course. I began to be afraid to go anywhere and to compensate for this I went places to which I really should not have gone and where, God knows, I had no desire to be. My reputation in town naturally enhanced my reputation at work and my working day became one long series of acrobatics designed to keep me out of trouble. I cannot say that these aerobatics night, with but one aim: to eject me. I was fired once, and contrived, with the aid of a friend from New York, to get back on the pay
