1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 174及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Weddings, which would be a time of happiness and joy, are full of jitters,【 1】 _, anger 【 1】 _ and hurt f
3、eelings, because the planning process isnt organized very well or because it is always a problem as for who should pay the bill. Even if the wedding may be paid by any party, the decision-making right belongs to the bride and groom. Especially the brides feelings【 2】 _【 2】 _ whether the questions ab
4、out the guest list or the flavor of the wedding cake.【 3】 _advice 【 3】 _ shouldnt be ignored. If there is a real conflict, however, the【 4】 _guideline is that the 【 4】 _ brides wishes are of most importance. Anyhow, it is her wedding! If a little time is put into the planning process, the problem of
5、 organization may be handled easily. There is no reason to【 5】 _the wedding if 【 5】 _ some significant details are【 6】 _or put off【 6】 _ because the people in charge are not clear about their responsibilities. Id like to answer the【 7】 _ questions 【 7】 _ about weddings from the time of engagement th
6、rough【 8】 _, including the following, a 【 8】 _ schedule, guideline, personal expenses and what to ask the photographer, caterer, musicians and clergyperson, a way to【 9】 _gifts, tips and 【 9】 _ correct procedures. Because wedding planning follows a【 10】 _, this lecture is arranged to help 【 10】 _ pl
7、anning from start to finish. I hope it will bring you a lovely and enjoyable wedding. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow
8、. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What habit has the woman recently gotten into? （ A） Telling jokes. （ B） Falling asleep during meals. （ C） Staying lat
9、e after class. （ D） Eating in the cafeteria. 12 How do students demonstrate that they really enjoy Professor Halls classes? （ A） They complete all their assignments. （ B） They study hard for his tests. （ C） They compete for the best seats in the class. （ D） They read all his books. 13 How does Profe
10、ssor Hall feel about visitors at his lectures? （ A） They make him feel good. （ B） They make no impact on him. （ C） They bore him. （ D） They make him angry. 14 At what time does Professor Halls class probably meet? （ A） In the late morning. （ B） Immediately after lunch. （ C） In the mid-afternoon. （ D
11、） After the evening meal. 15 Which of the following best describes Professor Halls relationship with his students? （ A） Controversial. （ B） Impersonal. （ C） Patronizing. （ D） Cooperative. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and th
12、en answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The supermarket that caught fire was located in the_ of Asuncion, capital of Paraguay. （ A） suburb （ B） downtown （ C） center （ D） north end 17 About_ people died in a military
13、insurrection in 1947. （ A） 800 （ B） 1,800 （ C） 8,000 （ D） 1,000 18 The fire was supposed to be caused by an explosion in_. （ A） the stores toy department （ B） food court area （ C） the parking garage （ D） electronic appliances area 19 Sam Edwards died from_. （ A） a stroke （ B） cancer （ C） high blood
14、pressure （ D） a heart disease 20 Sam Edwards made his first stage appearance in_. （ A） Tess of the Storm Country （ B） The Adventures of Sonny and Buddy （ C） The Edwards Family （ D） Winnie the Pooh 20 THE INTRINSIC COMPLEXITY OF CONCEPTS The words discussed so far have been limited to one type: those
15、 whose meaning identifies the members of a class. For example, the word chair is used correctly when it is applied to the class which includes objects as different as straight chairs, folding chairs and rocking chairs. The same skill in identifying instances of the same class is required for underst
16、anding some types of verbs. For example, all people walk differently, but native speakers of English use the word walk correctly when they realize that these minor differences are irrelevant. But not all words in a language involve the identification of classes. In fact, the mastery of a working voc
17、abulary in any human language appeals to a wide range of intellectual skills, some easier and some more difficult than those required for grasping the meaning of common nouns and verbs. As an example of a relatively easy concept, consider what is required for understanding proper nouns: one must sim
18、ply point out a single individual and attach a label, like John or Daddy. Because it is easier to associate a label with a single individual than to name a class with common properties, children master proper nouns first, sometimes when they are as young as six to nine months old. In contrast, a rel
19、ational term like large or small constitutes a relatively complex concept. The correct use of words like these requires that two things be kept in mind: the absolute size of the object in question, and its position on a scale of similar objects. For example, an elephant which is six feet tall at the
20、 shoulders may be small as far as elephants go, but a dog of the same height would be huge. Five-and six-year-old children are unable to make the shift in perspective necessary for using relational words appropriately. In one well-known experiment which documents this conclusion, children were engag
21、ed in a pretend tea party with dolls and an adult observer. The adult gave the child an ordinary juice glass and asked the child if it was large or small. Though all of the children in the study agreed that the glass was small from their own perspective, it appeared ridiculously large when placed on
22、 the toy table around which the dolls were seated. Nevertheless, the youngest children were still inclined to say that the glass was small when asked about its size with respect to its new context. Another complex concept underlies deictic expressions, which are words used to point to objects and in
23、dicate their distance from the speaker. For example, the speaker may use here or this to point out objects which may be close to him, while there and that are appropriate only when the objects are relatively far away. But since there are no absolute distances involved in the correct use of a deictic
24、 expression, children have difficulty determining when the close terms are to be preferred over the far terms. As with relational terms, it is necessary to take into account the size of the object pointed to. Thus a thirty-story building six feet in front of us is close enough to be called this buil
25、ding, but an ant removed from us by the same distance is far enough away to be called that ant. Common and proper nouns, relational terms and deictic expressions do not exhaust the range of concepts mastered by children, but they do illustrate the variety of tasks involved in acquiring the vocabular
26、y of a first language. Linguists can examine the evidence from the acquisition of word meaning and find support for two fundamental hypotheses: that some concepts are more complex than others, and that the acquisition of language requires a considerable exercise of intelligence. 21 What is common to
27、 relational terms and deictic expressions? （ A） They both require a considerable exercise of intelligence. （ B） They both involve the concept of size in referring to objects. （ C） They can both be used to test the intelligence of children. （ D） They pose difficulties for young children in acquisitio
28、n of language. 22 In order to correctly acquire the meanings of nouns in referring to “classes“, a child_. （ A） has to learn to identify some features while ignoring others （ B） first has to be able to use proper nouns （ C） must be at least six years old （ D） must play with toys 22 Computers, and es
29、pecially connecting to the Internet, provide unique opportunities to enhance science and math education. Take, for example, the project called Chickscope, a program that would only be possible with the Internet. Which came first, the chicken or the egg? In schools across the country, many teachers u
30、se the egg as a springboard to a demonstration of how life begins and develops, setting up an incubator to hatch chicks in the classroom. Fascinated kids watch as a chick pecks it way through the shell and finally struggles out. But what if the kids could see inside the egg and observe the changes i
31、n the chick embryo during its three weeks of growth, gathering egg-related data along the way? Chickscope, an interdisciplinary program based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, permits just that. Kids see inside the egg courtesy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. Without
32、 leaving their classrooms, East Central Illinois high school students and teachers can access and operate an MRI system via the World Wide Web, and watch as the chick embryo matures. “They actually run the MRI system, collect data, and run experiments,“ says Clint Potter, Chickscope project leader a
33、nd a researcher at the universitys Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. A key side benefit: Students not only learn about the subject at hand, they feel as though they are part of “a community of learners,“ as one teacher put it. This community concept is key to many of the prevail
34、ing theories about how best to learn science. Kids tend to learn faster and more deeply when the learning experience is shared. And thats what makes the Internet, with its built-in ability to promote interaction, so powerful. Students can use the Net as a tool to construct solutions to problems, lea
35、rning from one another in the process by doing, not by rote instruction. And community learning can benefit the community. In an environmental science class at Covington High School in Covington, Louisiana, for example, students used the Internet to focus on cleaning up a local polluted stream by re
36、searching water-quality improvement techniques. With the help of a computer, they put together multimedia presentations for local and state political leaders. The Army Corps of Engineers awarded the city a grant to proceed with cleanup in large part because of the students work, which the Corps said
37、 was the equivalent of 50,000 of research and preparation time. Because the Internet is not limited in time and space, it can transport kids to realms that are intrinsically more exciting than their own classrooms. Thousands of elementary school students connected by the Internet are joining biologi
38、st David Anderson in collecting satellite data that tracks the marathon flights of two species of albatross that nest on Tern Island in Hawaii. The Albatross Project, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation, seeks to learn how the availability of food affects the large seabirds extreme
39、ly slow reproduction. But it has another purpose: sparking childrens interest in science by involving them in actual research. The project seemed a perfect opportunity to engage school-age kids in science, says Anderson. 23 According to the passage, which of the following should be encouraged to enh
40、ance the learning of math and science? Problem solving. Actual research. Repetitive in-class drills. Group work. Rote learning. （ A） 1 and 3. （ B） 1, 2 and 4. （ C） 4 and 5. （ D） 2, 3 and 5. 24 The Chickscope Project enabled students to do the following EXCEPT_. （ A） to set up an incubator to hatch c
41、hicks （ B） to actually operate an MRI system （ C） to get involved in actual research （ D） to watch the changes in the chick embryo 25 Judging by the passage, biologist David Anderson _. （ A） seemed to be interested in marathon （ B） made use of a satellite in his research （ C） was probably a speciali
42、st in remote education （ D） put together multimedia presentations for NSF 25 Governments Are Trying A 1990 United Nations survey revealed that the more highly developed countries spend an average of 2 to 3 percent of their annual budgets on crime control, while developing countries spend even more,
43、an average of 9 to 14 percent. Increasing the size of the police force and providing it with better equipment takes priority in some localities. But results are mixed. Some Hungarian citizens complain: “There are never enough policemen to catch the criminals but always enough to catch traffic violat
44、ors.“ Many governments have recently found it necessary to pass tougher crime laws. For example, since “kidnapping is on the rise across Latin America,“ says Time magazine, the governments there have responded with laws that are “at once vigorous and ineffectual Passing laws is one thing,“ it admits
45、, “applying them another.“ It is estimated that in Britain more than 100,000 neighborhood watch schemes, covering at least four million homes, existed in 1992. Similar programs were implemented in Australia in the mid -1980s. Their aim, says the Australian Institute of Criminology, is to reduce crim
46、e “by improving citizens awareness about public safety, by improving residents attitudes and behaviour in reporting crime and suspicious events in the neighbourhood and by reducing vulnerability to crime with the help of property identification and installation of effective security devices.“ Closed
47、-circuit television is used in some places to link police stations with commercial premises. Video cameras are used by police, banks, and stores as a crime deterrent or as a tool for identifying lawbreakers. In Nigeria the police have checkpoints on highways in efforts to apprehend robbers and carja
48、ckers. The government has set up a task force on trade malpractices to combat fraud. Policecommunity relations committees made up of community leaders inform the police of criminal activity and people of questionable character. Visitors to the Philippines note that homes are generally not left unattended and that many people have watchdogs. Businessmen employ private security guards to protect their businesses. Anti-theft devices for cars sell well. People who can afford to do so wi
