1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 177 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 A Career in Accounting As a field of study and work, accounting is expanding throughout the world. A job
3、 in accounting promises good 【 1】 _ and excellent promotion opportunities, yet suffers【 1】 _ only slightly from changes in business cycles or from 【 2】 _ variations in employment. 【 2】 _ Bookkeeping is a starting point for a career in private accounting. It is essential for an【 3】 _.The financial 【
4、3】 _ records of an organizations are the【 4】 _ on which 【 4】 _ accounting is based. One can attend business or commercial schools to learn the【 5】 _ of accounting practices, which include typing ,【 5】 _ shorthand, bookkeeping and, more recently, accounting and computer programming. As the principles
5、 and【 6】 _ of 【 6】 _ accounting have grown more complex, the training now lasts 【 7】 _ years. 【 7】 _ There are some alternatives to commercial schools such as home-study or【 8】 _ schools. Whats more, education in 【 8】 _ accounting has become a【 9】 _ function of the 【 9】 _ universities, incorporating
6、 business administration, business law, etc. To sum up, there are two paths towards a career in accounting. One is through employment and the other through 【 10】 _ examinations. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this se
7、ction you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Mike _ that playi
8、ng baseball is a lifetime career. （ A） agrees （ B） disapproves （ C） hopes （ D） doubts 12 Mike began to play baseball at _. （ A） 24 （ B） 27 （ C） 18 （ D） 20 13 Mike went to Mexico to play the winter season primarily because _. （ A） it helped him earn extra money （ B） his season was over （ C） he needed
9、 more experience （ D） he could improve his skills 14 For a playoff player, the whole season lasts _ months. （ A） 6 （ B） 8 （ C） 10 （ D） 11 15 What does Mike find most attractive in baseball? （ A） It is a spectator sport. （ B） It is fun to win. （ C） It is what he exactly likes. （ D） It is a profession
10、al sport. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following does not characterize Mercury?
11、（ A） nearest of all planets to the sun （ B） extremely hot （ C） little known to people （ D） biggest of all planets 17 The spacecraft will make a journey of over _ years. （ A） six （ B） nine （ C） twelve （ D） sixteen 18 Which of the following is true according to the report? （ A） The spacecraft will fly
12、 direct to Mercury. （ B） The spacecraft will fly three times past Mercury. （ C） The spacecraft was launched a week later than planned. （ D） There is no specific task for this journey. 19 The ceremony held by Gypsies also serves to call peoples attention to discrimination against them, especially in
13、（ A） Eastern Europe （ B） Northern Europe （ C） Western Europe （ D） Southern Europe 20 The ceremony was observed with all the following EXCEPT （ A） speeches （ B） mournful music （ C） parade （ D） visit 20 Echolocating bats emit sounds in patterns characteristic of each species that contain both frequenc
14、y-modulated (FM) and constant-frequency (CF) signals. The broadband FM signals and the narrowband CF signals travel out to a target, reflect from it, and return to the hunting hat. In this process of transmission and reflection, the sounds are changed， and the changes in the echoes enable the bat to
15、 perceive features of the target. The FM signals report information about target characteristics that modify the timing and the fine frequency structure, or spectrum, of echoes -for example, the targets size, shape, texture, surface structure, and direction in space. Because of their narrow bandwidt
16、h, CF signals portray only the targets pre, nee and, in the case of some bat species, its motion relative to the bats. Responding to changes in the CF echos frequency, bats of some species correct, their course in flight for the direction and velocity of their moving prey. 21 Which of the following
17、is TRUE of CF echoes? （ A） They enable the bat to determine the size of the target. （ B） They help identify the range of widely spaced targets. （ C） In some species, they enable the bat to judge whether it is closing in on its target. （ D） In some species, they help the bat to tell the shape of the
18、target. 22 According to the passage, the shape of the target is reported to the echolocating bat by changes in the _. （ A） echo spectrum of CF signals （ B） echo spectrum of FM signals （ C） direction and velocity of the FM echoes （ D） frequencies of the FM or the CF signals 22 How Kids Learn It is a
19、big day for the “expert baby.“ A minivan bearing an official University of Washington seal picks up the 14-month-old boy and his mother and takes them to a Seattle day-care center. Once inside, he is placed at the head of a table surrounded by his “students,“ a bevy of babies his age. Researchers fr
20、om the universitys, psychology department observe and take notes. The miniprofessor begins his lesson: Whaaack! He smacks the top of a special camping cup with his palm, and it collapses. His pupils look at one anther, wide-eyed. Then he deftly pulls apart a puzzle and puts it back together. As a fi
21、nale, he hits a hidden button on a box, which produces a buzzing sound. A delighted squeal rises from the audience. Wunderkind is then whisked away. Two days later, a researcher visits the houses of each of the young pupils, unpacking a black bag to reveal the little professors toys. The infants gri
22、n in recognition and repeat the tricks they observed. Like the expert baby before them, they have mastered these routines. But when the researchers visit babies who havent been primed, the results are decidedly different. Those babies bang the cup on the table, but never collapse it. They chew on th
23、e puzzle, but dont assemble it. They rub the box, but fail to find the secret button. The expert baby and his cohorts are part of a revolution in how scientists view very young children. For most of this century, infants were regarded as gurgling blobs, soaking up sights and sounds but unable to mak
24、e much use of them. But it turns out that babies are reasoning beings even in their very first months. “Before they have the ability to use language, infants can think, draw conclusions, makes predictions, look for explanations, and even do miniexperiments,“ says Andrew Meltzoff, head of development
25、al psychology at the University of Washington and coauthor of The Scientist in the Crib, published this week. 23 The word Wunderkind probably means_. （ A） box （ B） young genius （ C） puzzle （ D） squeal 24 The experiment described in the passage shows that_. （ A） an infant prodigy performs much better
26、 than ordinary kids （ B） developmental psychology is an interesting subject （ C） babies can learn intricate tricks so long as they are trained （ D） toys are important tools to teach science with 24 AIDS is not transmitted through routine, nonintimate contact in the home or the workplace. Transmissio
27、n from one person to another appears to require either intimate sexual contact or exchange of blood or body fluids (whether from contaminated hypodermic needles or syringes, transfusions of infected blood, or transmission from an infected mother to her child before or during birth). As of April 1988
28、, 98,000 cases of AIDS had been identified in the United State5, and more than 21,000 persons had died of AIDS. Among those who died were well-known figures in the worlds of politics, the arts, entertainment, business, and sports. As has been well publicized, the high-risk groups most in danger of c
29、ontracting AIDS are homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous (IV) drug users, and theft sexual partners. Recently, there has been increasing evidence that AIDS is a particular danger for the urban poor, in good part because of transmission via drug use. Whereas blacks and Hispanics represent about 2
30、0 percent of the nations population, they constitute 40 percent of all Americans with AIDS. Moreover, 91 percent of infants with AIDS are nonwhite. According to government projections, the AIDS epidemic will achieve even more distressing proportions by the early 1990s. It is estimate improving your
31、mood, sleep and memory; warding off breast and colon cancer, and reducing your overall risk of dying prematurely. Studies have shown that exercise can have all those benefitseven for people who take it up late in life. Kin Narita and Gin Kanie, Japanese twins who are national longevity icons, celebr
32、ated their 105th birthday last week by planting trees and playing golf for the first time. Kanie suggested that activity might be a key to their long lives. “At this age I walk for two hours each morning for exercise,“ she said. When Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger started tracking the health of 19,000 Harva
33、rd and University of Pennsylvania alumni back in the early 1960s, many experts thought vigorous exercise was downright dangerous for people over 50. But the Stanford epidemiologist turned that wisdom on its head. In a landmark 1986 study, Paffenbarger showed that the participants death rates fell in
34、 direct proportion to the number of calories they burned each week. Those burning 2,000 a week (roughly the number it takes to walk 20 miles) suffered only half the annual mortality of the couch potatoes, thanks mainly to a lower rate of heart disease. Subsequent studies have shown that different ac
35、tivities bring different rewards. Everyone now agrees that aerobic exercise preserves the heart, lungs and brain, and researchers at Tufts University have recently shown that weight lifting can do as much for the frail elderly as it does for high school jocks. When Dr. Maria Fiatarone got 10 chronic
36、ally ill nursing-home residents to lift weights three times a week for two months, the participants average walking speed nearly tripled, and their balance improved by half. EATING TO NOURISH LONG LIFE We all know that living on fat, salt and empty calories can have a range of nasty consequences, fr
37、om obesity and impotence to hypertension and heart disease. Yet there are other ways to eat, and people who adopt them stay younger longer. In controlled studies, San Francisco cardiologist Dean Ornish has shown that a diet based on low-fat, nutrient-rich foods not only prevents heart disease the We
38、stern worlds leading cause of early death but can help reverse it. And other studies suggest that dietary changes could virtually eliminate the high blood pressure that places 50 million older Americans at high risk of stroke, heart attack and kidney failure. You wouldnt know that from watching peop
39、le age in the United States. Hypertension afflicts a third of all Americans in their 50s, half of those in their 60s and more than two thirds of those over 70. But preindustrial people don t follow that pattern. Whether they happen to live in China or Africa, Alaska or the Amazon, people in primitiv
40、e settings experience no change in blood pressure as they age, and the reason is fairly simple: they dont eat processed foods. Dr. Paul Whelton of Tulane University s School of Public Health has spent the past decade tracking 15,000 indigenous Yi people in southwestern China. As long as they eat a t
41、raditional diet rice, a little meat and a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables these rural farmers virtually never develop hypertension. But when they migrate to nearby towns, their blood pressure starts to rise with age. What makes processed food so harmful? Salt is one key suspect. When you subsist
42、mainly on fresh plant foods as our ancestors did for roughly 7 million years you get 10 times more potassium than sodium. That 10-to-one ratio is, by Eaton s reasoning, the one our bodies are designed for. But salt is now showered on foods at every stage of processing and preparation, while potassiu
43、m leaches out. As a result, most of us now consume more salt than potassium. “Modern humans are the only mammals that do that, “says Eaton, “and we re the only ones that develop hypertension.“ A recent clinical study suggests that dietary changes can reduce blood pressure as markedly as drug treatme
44、nt, and Can produce results in as little as two months. In the study, researchers at several institutions place volunteers on one of three diets. Those on a low-fat menu that included 10 daily servings of fresh fruits and vegetables, plus two servings of calcium-rich dairy products, reduced their sy
45、stolic and diastolic readings by 5.5 mm and 3.0 mm, respectively, And those suffering from hypertension get reductions of twice that magnitude. 29 “Couch potatoes“ probably means _. （ A） people who suffer high mortality （ B） people who take little exercise （ C） people who walk 40 miles a week （ D） p
46、eople who have a lower rate of heart disease 30 According to the passage, which of the following could be considered as a healthy diet? （ A） A diet that is sugar free but nutrient-rich. （ B） A diet that is sodium free but vitamins-rich. （ C） A diet that contains a lot of potassium and calcium. （ D）
47、A diet that consists of low-fat meat and fresh plants. 30 Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary
48、camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition, He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and rear ground, as well as the mid
49、dle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910, he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the actors. The exploitation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, h
