1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 185及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Board of directors is a group of people responsible to govern an organization by setting strategic direct
3、ion, establishing policies and goals, and holding the chief executive officer【 1】 _ A board of directors of a different nature 【 1】 _ can be【 2】 _ by the chiefexecutive officer. 【 2】 _ Management, by traditional definition, covers four general functions: e) planning f) organizing resources g) leadin
4、g h)【 3】 _ 【 3】 _ To most employees, the term “management“ means a groups of people who are【 4】 _, 【 4】 _ but writers, teachers, and practitioners think that management should mean people who can demonstrate【 5】 _skills. 【 5】 _ Executives are people in top levels of management, but Can head up any b
5、usiness regardless of the【 6】 _ and profitability of the business. 【 6】 _ Managers in large corporations operate at three different levels: a) top managers b) middle managers c) first-line managers Within the same level there are different types of managers, so a manager in charge of sales can be re
6、ferred to as a【 7】 _manager. 【 7】 _ Supervisors oversee the work of those who are their【 8】 _subordinates. 【 8】 _ Work directors are different from supervisors in that they【 9】 _the work of their 【 9】 _ subordinates. Leaders are mainly concerned with the【 10】 _ of an organization. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【
7、 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 s
8、econds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Charles shop does not sell _. （ A） cigarettes （ B） exercise books （ C） photocopiers （ D） chocolates 12 He bought a photocopier _. （ A） by accident （ B） because he couldnt find a place to make a photocopy （ C） beca
9、use there was no place nearby to provide the photocopy service （ D） because all sorts of people need it 13 According to Charles, people send messages via facsimile because _. （ A） it is cheaper and faster than ordinary mail （ B） it can send things that could not be expressed by telex （ C） it is fast
10、er and not much more expensive than mail （ D） the Royal Mail could not reach places abroad 14 Charles does not like customers who _. （ A） are very rude （ B） keep talking to him when he is busy （ C） only buy small things （ D） bargain with him too much 15 Charles thinks that nowadays running a small s
11、hop becomes increasingly difficult _. （ A） so his shop will surely go bankrupt （ B） but his shop will surely make good money （ C） and the only way to save his shop is to change the government （ D） because its hard to keep up with the rising cost SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section y
12、ou will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 After Sonia Ghandi was elected as Prime Minister, _. （ A） the stock market suffered a dramatic fall （ B） economic refo
13、rm would get a strong support （ C） a new government was formed on Tuesday （ D） state-owned companies would be privatized 17 Why will the Hindu Nationalist Party boycott Sonia Ghandis sworn-in ceremony? （ A） Because she is not a native Indian. （ B） Because she was born in Italia. （ C） Because she is
14、from an infamous family. （ D） Because she forces the Hindu Nationalist Party out of power. 18 The Indonesian President has _ in the province of Aceh. （ A） lifted martial law （ B） imposed martial law （ C） sent troops to take over power （ D） reached peace agreement with the military 19 The province of
15、 Aceh has been _ for one year. （ A） under civilian control （ B） under separatist control （ C） under military rule （ D） troubled by war 20 According to the news, Iran is asking for _. （ A） a resumption of uranium enrichment （ B） a halt of international inspections of its nuclear sites （ C） the recogn
16、ition of its cooperation with the UN （ D） both A and B 20 It has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation a
17、ll vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear. For example, the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycl
18、e have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious statistical significance. Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded s
19、unspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in
20、 Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought eviden
21、ce of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to confirm the cycles past existence. If consis
22、tent and reliable geological or archaeological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Currently, there are two models of solar activity. The first supposes that the Suns int
23、ernal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the, energy of a magnetic field. In short, the Suns large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-a
24、ctivity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. The alternative explanation supposes that the Suns large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model, the solar
25、mechanism dependent on the Suns magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle could be expected to change over a long period of time. Modern solar observations span too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived featu
26、re of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon. 21 The author focuses primarily on _. （ A） two competing scientific models concerning the suns magnetic field （ B） an overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physics （ C） the reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been sol
27、ved （ D） the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial climate with solar activity 22 According to the passage, for which of the following reasons are the late seventeenth-and early eighteenth-century Chinese records important? （ A） They disprove the reality of the Maunder minimum. （ B） They sugg
28、est that the Maunder minimum cannot be related to climate. （ C） They verify the existence of a span of unusual cold during the Maunder minimum. （ D） They show that the European observations are of dubious statistical significance. 23 On which of the following assumptions is based the belief that tre
29、e-ring thickness shows links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate? （ A） Solar-activity cycle existed in its present form during the period in question. （ B） Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to species. （ C） Tree-ring thickness varies with changes in terrestrial climate. （
30、 D） Both terrestrial climate and solar-activity cycle affect tree-ring thickness. 23 Computers, and especially connecting to the Internet, provide unique opportunities to enhance science and math education. Take, for example, the project called Chickscope, a program that would only be possible with
31、the Internet. Which came first, the chicken or the egg? In schools across the country, many teachers use the egg as a springboard to a demonstration of how life begins and develops, setting up an incubator to hatch chicks in the classroom. Fascinated kids watch as a chick pecks its way through the s
32、hell and finally struggles out. But what if the kids could see inside the egg and observe the changes in the chick embryo during its three weeks of growth, gathering egg-related data along the way? Chickscope, an interdisciplinary program based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, perm
33、its just that. Kids see inside the egg courtesy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. Without leaving their classrooms, East Central Illinois high school students and teachers can access and operate an MRI system via the World Wide Web, and watch as the chick embryo matures. “They actually
34、 run the MRI system, collect data, and run experiments,“ says Clint Potter, Chickseope project leader and a researcher at the universitys Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. A key side benefit: Students not only learn about the subject at hand, they feel as though they are part of
35、 “a community of learners,“ as one teacher put it. This community concept is key to many of the prevailing theories about how best to learn science. Kids tend to learn faster and more deeply when the learning experience is shared. And thats what makes the Internet, with its built-in ability to promo
36、te interaction, so powerful. Students can use the Net as a tool to construct solutions to problems, learning from one another in the process by doing, not by rote instruction. And community learning can benefit the community. In an environmental science class at Covington High School in Covington, L
37、ouisiana, for example, students used the Internet to focus on cleaning up a local polluted stream by researching water-quality improvement techniques. With the help of a computer, they put together multimedia presentations for local and state political leaders. The Army Corps of Engineers awarded th
38、e city a grant to proceed with cleanup in large part because of the students work, which the Corps said was the equivalent of 50,000 of research and preparation time. Because the Internet is not limited in time and space, it can transport kids to realms that are intrinsically more exciting than thei
39、r own classrooms. Thousands of elementary school students connected by the Internet are joining biologist David Anderson in collecting satellite data that tracks the marathon flights of two species of albatross that nest on Tern Island in Hawaii. The Albatross Project, which is sponsored by the Nati
40、onal Science Foundation, seeks to learn how the availability of food affects the large seabirds extremely Mow reproduction. But it has another purpose: sparking childrens interest in science by involving them in actual research. The project seemed the perfect opportunity to engage school-age kids in
41、 science, says Anderson. 24 According to the passage, which of the following should be encouraged to enhance learning of math and science? Problem solving. Actual research. Repetitive in-class drills. Group work. Rote learning. （ A） l and3. （ B） 1, 2 and 4. （ C） 4 and 5. （ D） 2, 3 and 5. 25 The Chic
42、kscope Project enabled students to do all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） to set up an incubator to hatch chicks （ B） to actually operate an MRI system （ C） to get involved in actual research （ D） to watch the changes in the chick embryo 26 The students in Louisiana _. （ A） worked together to find s
43、olutions to a problem over the Internet （ B） cleaned up a polluted stream across their home town （ C） received a grant of $ 50,000 for their project （ D） lobbied the local and state political leaders 27 Judging by the passage, biologist David Anderson _. （ A） seemed to be interested in marathon （ B）
44、 made use of a satellite in his research （ C） was probably a specialist in remote education （ D） put together multimedia presentations for NSF 27 Northern marshes are being turned into empty, desecrated mud flat wasteland. The culprit? Snow geese. These marshes are the breeding ground for snow geese
45、. Once destroyed, some fear the species will take over the habitat of the Canada goosea popular game bird in Minnesota. If this happens, Minnesota hunting and land conditions could be greatly affected. The snow goose population has been on the rise in the last 25 years, but numbers are hitting an al
46、l-time high. This year there is an estimated 4.5 or 6 million birds, triple what the population was 25 years ago. Although effects of the snow goose invasion arent apparent in Minneapolis, northern Minnesota and Canada can clearly see the signs. The population growth is due to the birds wintering ha
47、bits. They fly south to Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi to nest. The conditions and food availability there have made it possible for more birds to survive the winter and make the trip back north. The period over which theyve increased in number correlates to a change in agriculture practices in th
48、e region. After World War II, there was an increase in man-made fertilizers, yielding an increase of corn, rice, wheat and other crops. There have also been other changes in agricultural practices causing an increase of production in cereal crops. The geese find the agricultural areas better than th
49、e natural areas. The geese have escaped from any natural limits. They are not doing this on their own; it is in response to human practices. Usually, about 70 to 75 percent of the birds make it back to Canada in late winter and early spring. But the surviving number of snow geese has steadily climbed each year to reach
