1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 196及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Jealousys Purpose Good morning, everyone. Todays lecture will focus on a common psychological problemjeal
3、ousy. Evolutionary psychology holds that human impulses and behaviors are best understood as the【 1】 _ of 【 1】 _ natural selection. According to Buss, a professor of psychology, jealousy did not arise from capitalism, particularly, culture, socialization, media, character defects of neurosis, but it
4、 is an adaptive【 2】 _, forged over millions【 2】 _ of years, which is connected with long-term love. To chart the boundaries of jealousy, Buss surveyed hundreds of men and women in the different countries, and found that most men chose 【 3】 _infidelity, and most women chose emotional infidelity. 【 3】
5、 _ A woman can be【 4】 _that a child she bears carries her 【 4】 _ genes. But, for a man, it is always possible that the partner is having someone elses baby. So he is particularly【 5】 _about matters of【 5】 _ sex. In surveys, three-quarters of men say they would have sex with an attractive member of t
6、he【 6】 _sex who propositioned them on 【 6】 _ the street. Womens jealousy, by contrast, tends to revolve around emotional issues. Women are almost always involved in raising children, and they want to【 7】 _that the male will provide resources sufficient for【 7】 _ the children to thrive. Hence, female
7、s are particularly attuned to emotional infidelity, which may ultimately【 8】 _the well-being of【 8】 _ their offspring. In Buss view, jealousy remains a【 9】 _force in the modern 【 9】 _ age. If it is properly used, jealousy can【 10】 _ relationship, 【 10】 _ spark passion, and amplify commitment So jeal
8、ousy should not be recognized as a “negative emotion“ that invariably portends a relationship in distress. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the
9、questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 This interview is mainly about_. （ A） large cities in Europe and the United States （ B） large ci
10、ties in Latin America （ C） industrial development in Latin America （ D） industrial development in developed countries 12 What is the problem of the gigantic cities in Latin America? （ A） These cities grow relatively slowly. （ B） These cities growth is parallel to their industrial growth. （ C） These
11、cities have grown much faster than industry. （ D） These cities are short of labor force. 13 According to the expert, which of the following is NOT the reason for this problem? （ A） Immigration. （ B） Unemployment. （ C） Falling mortality rate. （ D） Rising birthrates. 14 The reasons why the immigrants
12、cannot work in industry are the following, except_. （ A） low educational standards （ B） lack of training （ C） capital intensive modem industry （ D） labor intensive modem industry 15 According the speakers here, finding the solution to the problem is _. （ A） quite soon （ B） impossible （ C） very diffi
13、cult （ D） well .on the way SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the UN Human Development
14、 Report, which is the best place for women in the world? （ A） Canada. （ B） The U.S. （ C） Australia. （ D） Scandinavia. 17 _is in the 12th place in overall ranking. （ A） Britain （ B） France （ C） Finland （ D） Switzerland 18 According to the UN report, the least developed country is_. （ A） Ethiopia （ B）
15、 Mali （ C） Sierra Leon （ D） Central African Republic 19 The French Presidents visit to Japan aims at_. （ A） making more investments in Japan （ B） stimulating Japanese businesses in France （ C） helping boost the Japanese economy （ D） launching a film festival in Japan 20 This is Jacques Chiracs _ vis
16、it to Japan. （ A） second （ B） fourteenth （ C） fortieth （ D） forty-first 20 Laziness is a sin. Everyone knows that we have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful
17、 than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear o
18、f having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work. Some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements, that they are unable to deal with whate
19、ver “lesser“ work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating-rescheduling their day. Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We
20、should all remember that great scientific discoveries occurred by chance. Newton wasnt working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy“ build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “laziness“ were caused by the wor
21、kers taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And some- times, being “lazy“-that is, taking time off for a rest-is good for the overworked students or executives. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who is simply wo
22、rking himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when youre tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next work. 21 The main idea of the passage is that_. （ A） laziness is a sin （ B） there are advantages and disadvantages in being
23、 lazy （ C） laziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problems （ D） lazy people do more careful work 22 Which of the following conclusions does the passage support? （ A） The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly. （ B） Most of the time laziness is a virtue. （ C） Most assembly workers are
24、lazy. （ D） Most insecure workers are lazy. 22 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You eithe
25、r have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I
26、ndeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering the way ahead seems. It is thi
27、s sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps.
28、 Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the
29、 worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel or even any tunnels can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cannot be answered, sooner or later, i
30、ncluding even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cannot think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough
31、, and pay attention. 23 It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century_. （ A） thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science （ B） were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research （ C） knew that they were ignorant and wanted to kn
32、ow more about nature （ D） did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature 24 What is the authors attitude toward science? （ A） He is depressed because of the ignorance of the scientists. （ B） He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties in scientific research. （ C） He is con
33、fident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research. （ D） He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings. 24 The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferri
34、ng some production processes (e. g. cloth-making, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident-t
35、he marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e. g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whet
36、her the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant. If the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the s
37、ick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of b
38、ackground music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy
39、in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as dec
40、iding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage. 25 The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that_. （ A） it wa
41、s a necessary step in the process of industrialization （ B） they depended on electricity available only to the market economy （ C） it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home （ D） the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes 26 Economic growth did not make it more flex
42、ible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and services because_. （ A） the family was not efficient in production （ B） it will be illegal for the home economic to produce them （ C） it could not supply them by itself （ D） the market for these goods and services was limited 26 Federal Reserve S
43、ystem, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and ba
44、nk holding companies. In the U.S. these functions are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington D.C., and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throughout the nation. The Feds actions, described bel
45、ow, generally have a significant effect on U.S. interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial markets. The Federal Reserves basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most
46、aspects of monetary and banking matters. Because the board in not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policy decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks, stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Ownership in
47、 this instance, however, does not imply control; the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system. The U.S. banking systems regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Res
48、erve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other federal agencies such as the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nations money supply in accordance with national econo
49、mic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government. Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the Board of Governors are not subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its income ( $ 20.2 billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holding of income-earning securities, primarily those of
