1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 197及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The American IndiansA people in Crisis Indians lived in North America long before the continent was settl
3、ed by Europeans. Through a long and difficult struggle that continues to this day, the Indians have striven to【 1】 _their traditions, their religion【 1】 _ , and their culture. But the problem is that nowadays conditions which favored the old life are gone for ever, and many Indians are unable to【 2】
4、 _the white mans ways. 【 2】 _ Thousands of years before Columbus came to the New World, the Indians entered North America by crossing a narrow strip of land that once【 3】 _ Alaska and Siberia. These migrants entered a new 【 3】 _ world in which there were no people at all. But there were many animals
5、 to hunt, and there were【 4】 _ where nuts, roots, and berries 【 4】 _ could be gathered. Some of Indians moved south into Central and South America. Others traveled【 5】 _to the Atlantic Ocean. Eventually【 5】 _ , the people who became the American Indians had spread across North America There are at l
6、east【 6】 _separate Indian languages in North 【 6】 _ America, each with its own grammar and vocabulary. And none is related in any way to English or any other European language. The regions of North America where the newcomers lived 【 7】 _greatly in climate and food supply. The regional differences【
7、7】 _ produced two quite different types of Indians: the Plains Indians and the Village Indians. The former, living in the plains and eastern forests where game was plentiful, hunted and fished. While the latter, living in tile dry【 8】 _, built mud brick houses and develop 【 8】 _ 【 9】 _ 【 9】 _ From t
8、he European viewpoint, the Indians were a primitive ston age people, who made their【 10】 _ from stone, bone or wood. 【 10】 _ They did not know how to work metal. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear ever
9、ything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Janet, the factor that would
10、 most affect negotiations is （ A） English language proficiency （ B） different cultural practices （ C） different negotiation tasks （ D） the international Americanized style 12 Janets attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is （ A） supportive （ B） negative （ C） amb
11、iguous （ D） cautious 13 Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators? （ A） Americans prepare more points before negotiations. （ B） Americans are more straightforward during negotiations. （ C） Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.
12、 （ D） Brazilians seek more background information. 14 Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward? （ A） The British. （ B） Germans. （ C） Americans. （ D） Not mentioned. 15 Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of Japanese negotiators? （ A） Reserved. （ B） Prejudiced. （ C） Poli
13、te. （ D） Prudent. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The weather on the wedding day was_. （ A） cold
14、 （ B） warm （ C） foggy （ D） rainy 17 The wedding reception was held_. （ A） in Edinburgh （ B） on Deeside （ C） at Balmoral （ D） in York 18 What is the main topic of the passage? （ A） Moods of people. （ B） Sleep and dreams. （ C） Effect of sleep and dreams. （ D） How to manipulate dreams. 19 How are sleep
15、 and dreams related with peoples performances? （ A） The less sleep people have, the better they perform. （ B） The fewer dream characters, the happier people are. （ C） The level of ones moods rises and falls according to his dream characters. （ D） The less dozy, the more clear-thinking. 20 The news c
16、an be classified to_. （ A） science fiction （ B） critical review （ C） science report （ D） textbook 20 “There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that,“ says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected num
17、bers of young adults are living with their parents. “There is a major shift in the middle class, declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months. Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marria
18、ge age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from- home colle
19、ge education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agrees,
20、“Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.“ But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephone and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it
21、proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,“ she explains, “He never liked anyone I dated. So I either had to hide away or meet them at friends houses.“ Just how long should adu
22、lt children live with their parents before moving out? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.“ And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal
23、freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially. 21 One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents is that_. （ A） there will inevitably be inconveniences in everyday life （ B） most parents find it diffi
24、cult to keep a bigger family going （ C） young adults tend to be overprotected by their parents （ D） public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents 22 According to the passage, what is the best for both parents and children? （ A） They should adjust themselves to sharing the family
25、expenses. （ B） Children should leave their parents when they are grown up. （ C） Adult children should visit their parents from time to time. （ D） Parents should support their children when they are in trouble. 22 In October 1949 the United Nations brought a number of specialists on food to Geneva, t
26、o discuss the problems of eating habits and food supplies of peoples throughout the world. One problem that interested the specialists particularly was a form of illness, about which little was known among the children in Africa. Two doctors were chosen to make the study. They flew to Africa and dur
27、ing the next two months visited ten countries. They found that serious diseases of poor eating, often mistaken for other diseases, existed in all parts of Africa. The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor. The diseased children are usually from one to four years old. As
28、the illness progresses, the childs stomach becomes swollen by liquid collecting in the body. The skin changes color and may break out in open sores. The hair changes color and starts to fall out. The patient loses all interest in his surroundings and even in food, and becomes so weak that he wants t
29、o lie down all the time. Stomach liquids are no longer produced. The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat. Their mothers, after stopping their breast-feeding, gave them foods full of starches instead of
30、greatly needed proteins. They found that the addition of milk to the food of children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives. It was necessary that the children of Africa be helped to eat better. The doctors suggested that the production of foods rich in protein be increased; they thought that
31、more fish should be caught and more nuts should be grown. They urged education plans to teach mothers better ways of feeding children. They suggested that the United Nations send large quantities of powdered milk to hospitals and child-health centers. Finally, they recommended closer study of all th
32、e special problems connected with kwashiorkor. 23 One difficulty in discovering kwashiorkor is that_. （ A） it has no viruses （ B） it is like other diseases （ C） it is hard to see signs of it （ D） it does not last long 24 A good way to cure the disease is by_. （ A） eating more meat （ B） eating more s
33、tarch （ C） taking the proper medicine （ D） drinking pure water 24 Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bid“, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, a
34、nd finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down“ the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where
35、 and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait unt
36、il he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer there- fore has a direct interest in pushing up the biddi
37、ng as high as possible. The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succ
38、eed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve“ price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock-out, wher
39、eby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a “knock-out comes off, the real auction takes place privately afterwards among the dealers. 25 The passage is mainl
40、y concerned with_. （ A） how an auction is conducted （ B） the auctioneers role in an auction （ C） the development of auctioning （ D） the kinds of goods to be auctioned 26 At an auction, a bidder may get an item at a low price if he_. （ A） beats others in the bidding （ B） promises to sell the item aga
41、in later （ C） can fix a “reserve“ price （ D） reaches some agreement beforehand with other prospective buyers 26 Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in t
42、he process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind. In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the bu
43、siness of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick
44、with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it wont stand much blowing up, and it wont stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, a
45、nd the laughter becoming mysterieal and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit. One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad people-clowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but i
46、t is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyones life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made tro
47、uble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boots (or as Josh
48、Billings wittily called them, “tite“ boots). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe. Practically everyone is a manic depressive of sorts, with his up moments
49、 and his down moments, and you certainly dont have to be a humorist to taste the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the point where his emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite realm, it is because humor, like poet
