1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 226及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Techniques for Group Discussion Learning how to participate in group discussion could be one of the most
3、important skills you can acquire in college. The following suggestions will help you improve your discussion techniques. . Be willing to speak【 1】 Many students are afraid to speak extemporaneously in a group. To take an active role in your education, you must learn to overcome “speech【 2】 “. . Be w
4、illing to listen. Attentive listening is not【 3】 hearing, the sort of one-way receptivity we habitually experience when we tune in to our radio, cassette players, and television sets. Perhaps a good discussion depends on good【 4】 . . Be willing to examine all sides of a topic. Complex topics are【 5】
5、 ; we should see them from a variety of angles. Discussion is an excellent way to broaden our【 6】 and deepen our insight into complex ideas and issues. . Be willing to【 7】 judgment. To explore ideas in a free and open manner, you will need to develop a receptivity to the opinions of others even when
6、 they【 8】 your own. Discussion is not debate; its primary purpose is communications, not【 9】 . . Be willing to prepare. Effective discussion is not merely impromptu conversation. It demands a certain degree of【 10】 . 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B I
7、NTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the
8、interview. 11 The interviewee believes that having all union employees is the_ way of operating from an employers point of view. （ A） simplest （ B） most difficult （ C） most tedious （ D） least desirable 12 Joining a union gives an employer the security of never having to worry about （ A） recruiting.
9、（ B） productivity. （ C） the workforce. （ D） administration. 13 According to the interviewee, when an employee joins a union he becomes （ A） more independent. （ B） his own bargaining agent. （ C） less independent. （ D） more troublesome. 14 The interviewee believes that those who work for a non-union s
10、mall business （ A） have far less freedom. （ B） have more freedom. （ C） have the same freedom. （ D） lose their freedom. 15 One advantage of a non-union business is being able to deal directly with （ A） shop stewards. （ B） agents. （ C） employees. （ D） trade officials. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directio
11、ns: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The German Federal Labor office says _ additional Germans were looking for work last month than w
12、ere looking for work in June. （ A） 1,320 thousand （ B） 13 thousand （ C） 32 thousand （ D） 132 thousand 17 About _ Kenyans have demonstrated in the capital Nairobi. （ A） 500 （ B） 5,000 （ C） 50,000 （ D） 2,500 18 What did the protesters call on the government to do? （ A） To scrap new taxes. （ B） To conv
13、ene a convention to write a new constitution. （ C） To stop harassing students and halt ethnic violence. （ D） All of the above. 19 In the Philippines, flood waters have also covered nearly _ hectares of farmland. （ A） 610 （ B） 6,100 （ C） 61,000 （ D） 610,000 20 Meanwhile flooding in _ have began to ea
14、se, but damage is estimated in the millions of dollars. （ A） Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand （ B） Vietnam, China and Cambodia （ C） Vietnam, China and northern Thailand （ D） Cambodia, Vietnam and northern Thailand 20 The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition was a small step from moveme
15、nts like hydropathy (which advocated the “natural“ healing powers of water), to the idea that fresh air, healthy food, and exercise could be beneficial. The physical fitness movement in America followed the influx of a large number of German immigrants who fled their country due to the 1848 revoluti
16、on. The movement began there with Fredrich Ludwig Jahn, who unified exercise and sport with German history and tradition and saw a connection between mental and physical health. Charles Follen, a Jahn student, led the movement in America, organizing the Round Hill School at Harvard, which stressed r
17、igorous mental and physical exercise. In the mid-west, the Germans established their first gymnastic institution called the Turnverein in Cincinnati in 1848. Later called the Turners, these groups developed nationally and organized outings of picnics, games, gymnastics, and celebrations of German cu
18、lture. Catherine Beecher promoted physical fitness for women, and felt that corsets not only made such exercise impossible, but actually deformed womens bodies, and could even be passed on to future generations and degrade the race. She was also an advocate of improving nutrition, and an early oppon
19、ent of gluttony, believing condiments on food stimulated the appetite towards excess. Others championed vegetarianism, or saw lack of sunshine as a cause of stomach discomfort. Regardless of their particular bent, all of the food reformers had a common philosophy: had eating habits led to social dis
20、order. Like physical fitness proponents, they saw a connection between reshaping the body and reshaping American society to improve the individual and the country. The physical fitness movement declined in the years preceding the Civil War, then revived, as Americans became city dwellers and took se
21、dentary jobs. Advocates promoted “Muscular Christianity“, a movement begun in England, which stressed that the best and most moral Christians were those with sound bodies. Indian clubs became a favorite exercise tool with entire books written for club exercises. Team sports became popular after 1865
22、, reflecting Americas growing urbanization. The most popular was baseball, and in 1879 the Cincinnati Red Stockings became the countrys first professional team. By the 1900s, Luther Gulick transformed the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA) into the epitome of “Muscular Christianity“. It became
23、the largest organization of urban gymnasiums and fitness centers in America. 21 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition. （ B） The German and Christian influences on nutrition and physical fitness. （ C） Development of the physical fitness mo
24、vement. （ D） The nutrition and physical fitness movements. 22 It can be inferred from the passage that the Turnverein were_. （ A） later named Turners because it was too difficult to pronounce （ B） successful in mid-west （ C） limited to Germans （ D） not popular with many non-Germans because they cele
25、brated German culture 23 Why did the physical fitness movement revive after the Civil Ware_. （ A） Because people returned to their usual occupations. （ B） Because “Muscular Christianity“ became popular. （ C） Because of urbanization. （ D） Because of physical injuries caused by the war. 23 When the Ci
26、ty Free Delivery Service began in America, all the letter carriers needed were their leather satchels. But, as the service continued into the 20th century, cities, populations, and commerce exploded. And before long, carders mailbags were stuffed to the brim, and the carders overwhelmed by the volum
27、e. Carders needed a vehicle that could get them to their routes and carry the days mail, including parcel post packages, without relays back to the post office. The introduction of the Parcel Post Service in 1913 had brought millions of packages into the mail stream for the first time. After World W
28、ar 1I, the amount of mail delivered to American homes each day increased so dramatically that letter carders could no longer rely solely on pouches and handcarts to carry mail on their daily rounds. In the late 1950s, the Post Office Department began supplying carriers with three-wheeled mail vans.
29、Known as mailsters, these tiny vans were efficient in carrying mail but uncomfortable and dangerous. Mailsters offered little protection against cold or damp weather, little traction in good weather, and often no traction in snow, and poor reliability, for they were constantly breaking down. Letter
30、carriers were not impressed by their new vehicles, which they considered too dangerous, too flimsy, too small, too underpowered, too prone to breaking down, too impractical and too top heavy. A common complaint was that mailsters were unable to compete on the open road. They simply lacked sufficient
31、 “get up and go“. This frequently resulted in back-ups, with cars lined up for blocks behind the creeping three-wheelers. The tricycle design left mailsters susceptible to tipping over if cornering over 25 mph or if caught in a high wind. One mailster was even tipped over by a large dog. The first l
32、arge-scale purchase of these vehicles for letter carriers use was in the 1950s. These funny-looking trucks could carry up to 500 pounds of mail. By the 1960s, mailsters comprised almost one-third of the postal services vehicular fleet. While the idea behind mailstets was solid, the vans were not, an
33、d from the 1950s, Jeeps increasingly became a vital part of the Postal Service fleet because they were strong and agile. 24 What is the title of this passage? （ A） From Satchels to Mailsters. （ B） Too Much Mail. （ C） Mailster Mishaps. （ D） Motorizing the Mail. 25 It can be inferred that even though
34、the mailsters were small, uncomfortable, and dangerous, they could_. （ A） eliminate the need for relays （ B） carry handcarts and pouches as well （ C） be more protection than an umbrella （ D） reduce wear on shoes 26 According to the passage, mailsters were likely to tip over because_. （ A） even large
35、 dogs could cause this to happen （ B） they had 3 wheels （ C） the mail could shift in the van when cornering over 25 mph （ D） of cars lined up behind them 26 Supernovae are massive exploding giant stars. A supernova is known as one of the most energetic explosive events. When the explosion occurs, th
36、e resulting illumination can be as bright as an entire galaxy. It occurs at the end of a stars lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted and it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy. This will cause a blast wave that ejects the stars envelope into interstellar space. The result
37、of the collapse may be, in some cases, a rapidly rotating neutron star that can be observed many years later as a radio pulsar. As a result of gravitational forces acting against the nuclear structure of the core of a fuel depleted star, tremendous shock waves are generated, which causes the outside
38、 layers of the star to be blown away from the core. Gravitational forces condensing hydrogen gas raises the temperature at the center of the star to the point where nuclear fusion is initiated. Hydrogen is fused into helium and energy is given off in the process. As more helium accumulates at the ce
39、nter, the temperature rises due to compression until another nuclear fusion is initiated. This time helium is converted into carbon and oxygen and additional energy is given off during the nuclear fusion. A similar process continues with carbon and oxygen fusing to neon, magnesium and oxygen. These
40、elements then undergo another fusion process as the temperature and pressure increase to produce silicon and sulfur. The latter two elements then fuse into iron. During each nuclear fusion, energy is given off. However, nuclear fusion stops at iron because energy is no longer produced by fusion. The
41、 iron core collapses very quickly ( within hours or less). Since the iron core can collapse only so far and can no longer undergo fusion, it becomes extremely hot and now begins to expand rapidly. The expanding iron and the collapsing outer gases collide with each other producing tremendous shock wa
42、ves which blow the outer layers away from the cure, thus causing the supernovas gigantic explosion. 27 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） Nuclear fusion in supernovae. （ B） Defining a supernova. （ C） The process of the death of stars. （ D） Gravitational force and its effects on supernovae. 2
43、8 The author mentions that tile nuclear fusion is a result of_. （ A） hydrogen fusing into helium （ B） hydrogen and helium becoming hot （ C） helium changing to carbon and oxygen （ D） an increase of helium at the center 29 Which of the following causes the outside layer of the star to be blown away fr
44、om the core? （ A） Shock waves. （ B） The iron core collapse. （ C） Blast wave. （ D） The fusing of carbon and oxygen. 29 Out in the street at last, the man stopped running and looked back at the steps of the gallery. The woman was not following him. All the same, he went across to where the car was par
45、ked. But as there was still no sign of her he didnt drive away. His wife would be along shortlyshe was only picking up odds and ends for the kids at some shop around the corner where there was a closing-down sale. What a fool he was to have gone into the cursed gallery. Just because he had found a p
46、arking place opposite it! If hed bought an evening paper and waited for Annie in the car hed have saved himself a nasty fright, because now he felt certain that the crazy woman could not have been Eterna. Not in those outlandish clothes! Not with that daft look in her eyes as she strayed from painti
47、ng to painting, causing everyone to stare. If it was Eterna, wouldnt he have noticed her the minute he went into the place, instead of merely turning to see why other people were staring? Even then, he wouldnt have given the poor soul a second glance if he hadnt fancied a resemblance. But when he fo
48、und her eyes fixed on him he lost his head and ran, although he was vaguely aware, even then, that her daft gaze had already wandered away from him. That was another thing. If it was Eterna, wouldnt she have recognized him? It was mortifying to think that he had lost control to such an extent that h
49、e ran. Supposing one of his patients had been there and seen him. It was unlikely, though, that anyone up from the country for a precious half day in Dublin would waste time in the National Gallery. He relaxed. He lit a cigarette and settled down to wait for Annie. Why had he gone into the gallery at all? He had probably fallen into a nostalgic mood, thinking of all the exhibitions hed attended there before he was qualified and when he still entertained notions of a practice in Dublin. In
