1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 247 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture
2、. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Language Families There are over【 1】 languages that are used throughout the world today. Almost all of t
3、hese languages belong to a much smaller number of language families. All of the languages within a language family are related and all of them have a similar history. Therefore, the grammar, vocabulary, sounds of related languages, the way of thinking and the style of talking among related languages
4、 are【 2】 . Even though there are so many languages used today, there are only about 20 or 30 major language families. . The【 3】 family. It includes most of the languages that are spoken throughout Europe, for example【 4】 . . The【 5】 family. It includes most languages in the area of North Africa and
5、the Middle East. . The Bantu family. It includes most of the languages spoken in central and southern【 6】 . . The【 7】 family. It includes all dialects of Chinese, the languages of southeast Asia. Of course, not all the languages of east Asia belong to this family, for example,【 8】 . . The Polynesian
6、 family. The Polynesian languages are【 9】 . They are spoken on the islands around Indonesia, islands eastward all the way to Hawaii, islands west all the way to Madagascar, off the east coast of Africa. Example of Polynesian languages:【 10】 . These five language groups or language families are only
7、a few of the major language families from around the world. There are many more. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Que
8、stions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Charles shop docs not sell _. （ A） cigarettes （ B） exercise books （ C） photocopiers （ D） chocolates 12 He bought a photoco
9、pier _. （ A） by accident （ B） because he couldnt find a place to make a photocopy （ C） because there was no place nearby to provide the photocopy service （ D） because all sorts of people need it 13 According to Charles, people send messages via facsimile because _. （ A） it is cheaper and faster than
10、 ordinary mail （ B） it can send things that could not be expressed by telex （ C） it is faster and not much more expensive than mail （ D） the Royal Mail could not reach places abroad 14 Charles does not like customers who _. （ A） are very rude （ B） keep talking to him when he is busy （ C） only buy sm
11、all things （ D） bargain with him too much 15 Charles thinks that nowadays running a small shop becomes increasingly difficult _. （ A） so his shop will surely go bankrupt （ B） but his shop will surely make good money （ C） and the only way to save his shop is to change the government （ D） because its
12、hard to keep up with the rising cost SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 If Quebec was separated fro
13、m Canada, the two pacts with US _. （ A） should remain effective （ B） should be abolished （ C） should be discussed again （ D） should be supplemented 17 The US border with Canada is the _ in the world. （ A） longest defended border （ B） longest undefended border （ C） longest undefined border （ D） longe
14、st coastal border 18 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） In the days before the vote, the Clinton Administration had been careful to describe the referendum as an internal mafter. （ B） It is critical for the United States to have a stable norther neighbor. （ C） Mr. Clinton discussed the outcome
15、 of the referendum Tuesday with Canadian Prime Minister. （ D） Both pacts will be discussed further with united Canada. 19 The news from China tells us that _. （ A） at least eighty-one people have been killed by flooding （ B） a dangerous goods warehouse has been damaged by fire （ C） many killed were
16、unable to leave the building （ D） the fire in a handicraft factory in southern China is striking 20 The recent fire-related accidents were caused by _. （ A） strong winds and lack of water （ B） rapid economic growth （ C） locked doors and windows （ D） overcrowded people 20 What might driving un an aut
17、omated highway he like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are un the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles
18、 would share the road with partially automated m manually driven cars. A special-purpose Jane sys tem would require more extensive physical modifications to existing high ways, hut it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity. Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destinati
19、on, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching tile automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were av
20、ailable, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. As the driver approached tile point of entry for tile highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically cheek the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascert
21、ain it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this ease, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the en trance ramp. An alternative technique
22、 could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition“ lane. The vehicle would then shift trader computer control onto a lane re served for automated traffic. (The limitation of t
23、hese lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities. ) Either approach to joining a lane, of automated traffic would harmonize the, movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control
24、 here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties rent potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had set tied into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax. 21 We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of au
25、tomated high ways_. （ A） my being planned （ B） are being modified （ C） are now in wide use （ D） are under construction 22 A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that_. （ A） it would require only minor changes to existing highways （ B） it would achieve the greatest highway traffic
26、efficiency （ C） it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles （ D） it offers more lanes for automated vehicles 23 Which of tile following is tree about driving on an automated high way ? （ A） Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations. （
27、 B） A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system. （ C） The driver should inform his car computer of his destination be fore driving onto it. （ D） The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles. 24 We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-p
28、urpose lane_. （ A） by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional lane （ B） by way of a ramp with electronic control devices （ C） through a specially guarded gate （ D） after all trespassers are identified and removed 24 The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply
29、 continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives aid friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and indus
30、trial denial and long delaysnot only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax in centives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that prote
31、cting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding t
32、hat we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environ mental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environ mental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who ar
33、e paid to make tile decisions to develop, improve and enforce environ mental standards, I submit, who must lead the change. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in
34、our approach. We must visualize is sues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must ex press our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the qualit
35、y of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can f
36、inally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to send pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages. 25 we can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because_. （ A） they are una
37、ware of the consequences of what they are doing （ B） they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests （ C） time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it （ D） it is difficult for them to take effective measures 26 The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and
38、 conservationists is_. （ A） to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion （ B） to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection （ C） to take radical measures to control environmental pollution （ D） to improve the quality of life by enforcing environm
39、ental standards 27 The underlined word “tunnel-visioned“ (Para. 4) most probably means_. （ A） narrow-minded （ B） blind to the facts （ C） short-sighted （ D） able to see only one aspect 28 Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental pr
40、oblems? （ A） Legislation and government intervention. （ B） The industrys understanding and support. （ C） The efforts of environmental health professionals. （ D） The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists. 28 The newspaper must provide for the reader objectively selec
41、ted facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. However, the opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor should confine himself to the “fact“. This insistence raises a question: What are the facts.? As
42、to the first question, consider how a so-called “factual“ story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides
43、 which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece (This is an important decision because many readers do nut proceed beyond the first paragraph). This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impa
44、ct, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. This is Judgment Number Three. Thus, iii tire presentation of a so-called “factual“ or “objective“ story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, c
45、alling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism“, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its inter pretation, are both objective rather than subjective processesas objective, that i
46、s, as any human being can be. If an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of these facts that support his particular excuse. Or he can do it by the play he gives a storypromoting it to page one or
47、demoting it to page thirty. 29 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） interpreting the news （ B） writing objectively （ C） presenting factual stories （ D） choosing facts 30 The writer of an article selects ten out of fifty available facts (Para. 2) because_. （ A） space is limited （ B） he has to be object
48、ive （ C） the subject is not important （ D） he wants to simplify a complex story 31 The author makes it clear that_. （ A） writers should limit themselves to facts （ B） reporters tend to slant their stories （ C） editors control what the reporters write （ D） even news presentation involves personal jud
49、gment 32 The underlined expression “slanting the news“ (Para. 5) most probably means_. （ A） publishing tile news （ B） making some judgment on it （ C） expressing a certain position in it （ D） writing the news like an essay 32 It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower,
