1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 262及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Marriage in Ancient Egypt The ancient Egyptians held marriage as a sacred bond. Each person in a family p
3、layed his or her own role. Marriage and a close family played an【 1】 role in ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians were encouraged to marry young because the【 2】 at this time was relatively short. One of the most【 3】 titles you could call your love was “brother“ or “sister“, though marriage between s
4、iblings was not a common phenomenon. Wedding Day: The bride merely moved her belongings into the home of her husband. Though there was no official ceremony, there were bound to be【 4】 in honor of the uniting couple. Before the 26th dynasty when a girl was going to enter into a marriage, her father h
5、ad the【 5】 . Marriage Contract: Marriage settlements were drawn up between a womans father arid her future husband. Its sole purpose was to establish the rights of both parties to【 6】 and possessions during the marriage and after divorce. The finished contract was given to a third party for【 7】 . Du
6、e to the contract system that provided such far-reaching safeguards for the【 8】 rights of wives and children that most men could only afford one wife at a time. During the early periods of ancient Egypt, the further husband made a payment to the brides father. Later this practice abandoned and later
7、 it was【 9】 . Divorce: A woman could divorce her husband for mental or physical cruelty or adultery. With the【 10】 of marriage and divorce and the financial protection, she generally received divorce. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directi
8、ons: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Wh
9、ich of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a film only for adult. （ B） Body Double is a character in Striptease. （ C） Demi gets 12.5 million for her roles in two films. （ D） Demi doesnt go naked in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. 12 When Demi was a little girl, she _.
10、（ A） never dreamed of becoming an actress （ B） always dreamed of becoming an actress （ C） was not good at speaking （ D） always thought she could be a good actress 13 Demi says being paid 12.5 million means a lot to her especially because _. （ A） now she is the highest paid actress in Hollywood （ B）
11、it changes peoples perception of women in Hollywood （ C） it helps her gain self-confidence （ D） she finally gets what should be her hard works worth 14 According to Demi, she goes naked in Striptease because _. （ A） the high pay makes her feel obliged to do it （ B） she was required by the contract t
12、o do it （ C） she wants to experience the real life of the character （ D） it was fun to do it 15 It seems to us that the critics may think _. （ A） Demis performance in the new film is not very good （ B） Demi just wants to please her fans by going naked （ C） Demis pay for Striptease is too high （ D） D
13、emi should not go naked in Striptease SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 After Sonia Ghandi was ele
14、cted as Prime Minister, _. （ A） the stock market suffered a dramatic fall （ B） economic reform would get a strong support （ C） a new government was formed on Tuesday （ D） state-owned companies would be privatized 17 Why will the Hindu Nationalist Party boycott Sonia Ghandis sworn-in ceremony? （ A） B
15、ecause she is not a native Indian. （ B） Because she was horn in Italia. （ C） Because she is from an infamous family. （ D） Because she forces the Hindu Nationalist Party out of power. 18 The Indonesian President has _ in the province of Aceh. （ A） lifted martial law （ B） imposed martial law （ C） sent
16、 troops to take over power （ D） reached peace agreement with the military 19 The province of Aceh has been _ for one year. （ A） under civilian control （ B） under separatist control （ C） under military rule （ D） troubled by war 20 According to the news, Iran is asking for _. （ A） a resumption of uran
17、ium enrichment （ B） a halt of international inspections of its nuclear sites （ C） the recognition of its cooperation with the UN （ D） both A and B 20 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and dam aged? Judging from the drastic ex
18、periment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was
19、good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is
20、 insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is
21、 slew and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are. cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sou
22、nds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather titan grammar.
23、 Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear“. And even more incredible i
24、s the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognises the
25、signals in the childs babbling(咿哑学语 ) , grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth an
26、d development of language. 21 The purpose of Frederick Is experiment was _. （ A） to prove that children are born with the ability to speak （ B） to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech （ C） to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to
27、speak （ D） to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language 22 The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that _. （ A） they are incapable of learning language rapidly （ B） they are exposed to too much language of once （ C） their mothers respond inadequately
28、to their attempts to speak （ D） their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 23 What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that _. （ A） he is born with the capacity to speak （ B） he has a brain more complex than an animals （ C） he can produce his own sentences （ D） he owes his speech
29、 ability to good nursing 24 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） The faculty of speech is reborn in man. （ B） Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning. （ C） The childs brain is highly selective. （ D） Most children learn their language in de
30、finite stages. 24 A team of international researchers has found new evidence that an endangered subspecies of chimpanzee is the source of the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) in humans. Experts said the finding could lead to new treatments for AIDS and contribute to the de
31、velopment of a vaccine against the disease. The research team said the chimp - a subspecies known as Pan troglodytes native to west central Africa - carries a simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV) that is closely related to three strains of human immunodeficiency virus( HIV), the virus that causes AIDS
32、. One of these strains, HIV-I, has caused the vast majority of the estimated 30 million HIV infections around the world. The researchers are uncertain when the chimp virus, called SIVcpz(for simian immunodeficiency virus chimpanzee), first infected humans, although the oldest documented case of HIV
33、has been linked to a Bantu man who died in Central Africa in 1959. But they said the virus, which does not appear to harm the chimps, was most likely transmitted to humans -when hunters were exposed to chimp blood while killing and butchering the animals for food. Once transmitted to humans, the res
34、earchers believe the virus mutated into HIV-1. Team leader Beatrice Hahn, an AIDS researcher at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, said the chimps have probably carried the virus for hundreds of thousands of years. Since humans have likely hunted the animals since prehistoric times, Hahn said
35、the virus may have jumped to humans on many occasions, but was not transmitted widely among humans until the 20th century. Increased hunting of the chimpanzees, along with human migration to African cities and changing sexual motes, could help explain the recent epidemic, Hahn said. Scientists had l
36、ong suspected that a nonhuman primate was the source of HIV-1. Earlier studies suggested that the sooty mangabey monkey, a native of West Africa, was the likely source of HIV-2 - a rarer form of the AIDS virus that is transmitted less easily than HIV-1. However, only a few samples of SIV strains exi
37、st, making it difficult for researchers to confidently connect the strains to HIV-1. As part of their effort to discover the source of HIV-1, the research team studied the four known samples of SIVcpz. They learned that three of the four samples came from chimps belonging to the subspecies P.t. trog
38、lodytes. The remaining sample came from another subspecies, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, which inhabits East Africa. The team then compared the SIVcpz strains to each other and found that all three of the viruses from P.t. troglodytes were closely related, while the virus from P. t. schweinfurthi
39、i was genetically different. Next they compared the SIVcpz strains to the main subgroups of H1V-1, known as M, N, and O. Their comparisons showed that the P.t. troglodytes viruses strongly resembled all three ttlV-1 subgroups. Additional evidence that HIV-I could be linked to P.t. troglodytes came w
40、hen the researchers examined the chimps natural habitat. The researchers quickly discovered that the chimps live primarily in the West African nations of Cameroon, Central African Republic. Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Republic of the Congo, the geographic region where HIV-1 was first identified. U
41、pon closer study, the researchers learned that the chimps were being killed in growing numbers for the so-called bushmeant trade, a trend assisted by the construction of new logging roads in once remote forests. The researchers said that continued hunting of the animals meant that many people are st
42、ill likely to be exposed to SIVcpz, increasing the risk of additional cross-species transmissions. Many AIDS researchers welcomed the teams finding, but said the new work had not proved the connection definitively. Most of the doubts centered on the difficulty of drawing conclusions from such a smal
43、l number of SIVcpz samples. Because so few samples exist - all drawn from chimps in captivity - researchers do not know how prevalent the virus is among wild chimps, or how the virus is transmitted. Doubts are likely to persist until the course of the virus is studied in chimps in the wild. Some hea
44、lth experts said the finding could have far-reaching implications for combating AIDS. Because SIVcpz does not cause the chimps to become ill, researchers believe that the animals disease-fighting immune systems may have developed a defense against the virus. Since chimps are 98 percent genetically s
45、imilar to humans, learning more about the chimps immune systems could shed light on new ways to prevent and treat AIDS in humans. Discovering how the chimps immune system controls the virus, for example, could help researchers develop a vaccine that generates a similar immunesystem response in human
46、s. Other experts noted that even if the finding does not help in the fight against AIDS, it provides strong evidence that dangerous viruses can be transmitted to humans from wild animals. In some cases, the viruses may be harmless to the host animals, but cause sickness and death when transmitted to
47、 humans. As people increasingly venture into remote animal habitats, some scientists believe there is a growing risk of new human exposures to previously unknown disease-causing microbes. In the meantime, widespread slaughter of the chimps could make further study of P. t. troglodytes difficult. The
48、 wild chimp population, which exceeded 1 million animals in the early 20th century, is now believed to number fewer than 100, 000. “We cannot afford to lose these animals, either from the animals conservation point of view or a medical investigation standpoint,“ said Hahn. “It is quite possible that
49、 the chimpanzee, which has served as the source of HIV-1, also holds the clues to its successful control.“ 25 Many AIDS experts are not completely satisfied with results of the study because _. （ A） only a limited number of chimpanzees are used for sampling the virus （ B） it is now extremely difficult to find chimpanzees that carry the virus （ C） the samples collected are from two different subspecies of chimpanzees （ D） it does not provide reliable evidence of the link between SIV an
