1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 269及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The problems facing learners of English can be divided into three broad categories: a)【 1】 problems, some
3、 of which involve fear of the unknown, and some of which are caused by the possible homesickness of the overseas students. b)culture problems, which are bound up with the British way of life, including【 2】habits and traditions. c)【 3】 problems, for which there are a number of reasons: First, it seem
4、s to overseas students that English people speak very【 4】 . Second, they speak with a variety of【 5】 . Third, different styles of speech are used. What can a student do to overcome these difficulties? He should attend【 6】 and use a language laboratory as much as possible. He should also listen to pr
5、ogrammes in English on the radio and TV. Most important of all, he should take every opportunity to speak with【 7】 . Finally. I have some advice for students who have difficulty in speaking English fluently. Firstly, he must【 8】 what he wants to say. Secondly, he must try to【 9】 in English. This wil
6、l only begin to take place when his use of English becomes【 10】 . 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 a
7、re based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 If one does not work out regularly, he may_. （ A） easily catch a cold （ B） easily get tired （ C） easily get anxious （ D） feel depressed 1
8、2 Cardiovascular exercise helps _. （ A） one to work more efficiently （ B） to promote a strong heart （ C） to lose weight （ D） one to sleep better 13 It seems that physical activities inevitably _, which improves fitness. （ A） burn calories （ B） build muscles （ C） relieve back pains （ D） reduce high b
9、lood pressure 14 Which of the following may count as deliberate workout? （ A） Housework. （ B） Lawn-mowing. （ C） Table tennis. （ D） Out-of-the-gym activities. 15 The greatest benefit one can get from exercise is when _. （ A） the workout involve various jumps （ B） one does not use an elevator but clim
10、bs stairs （ C） one walks to run most of the errands （ D） one switches from being inactive to active SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10
11、seconds to answer the questions. 16 _ Sunnis were appointed as advisers to the constitutional committee. （ A） 2 （ B） 10 （ C） 11 （ D） 12 17 Jewish settler Avi Farhan can continue to stay in the occupied Gaza Strip _. （ A） if he can become a Palestinian citizen （ B） if Israeli troops stop their withdr
12、awal （ C） if Libya and Egypt are willing to help （ D） if Palestine and Israel can make peace 18 Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon plans to give up _ Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. （ A） 4 （ B） 21 （ C） 25 （ D） 12o 19 The nomination of John Bolton has been held up _ （ A） beca
13、use John Bolton took the recess appointment as a humiliation to him （ B） because the Senate was not in session in the past several months （ C） because President Bush did not like to make the recess appoint-merit of John Bolton （ D） because White House refused to provide information that the Senate r
14、equired about Bolton 20 The confirmation of John Bolton as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations requires _ in the Senate. （ A） a simple majority vote （ B） an overwhelming majority vote （ C） at least 60 votes （ D） 100 votes 20 Since the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in doz
15、ens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity and therefore enhance their international competitiveness through costcuttig programs. (Cost-cutting here is defining the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity - the valu
16、e of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input - did not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the sametime, it became clear the hard
17、er manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting, the more they lost their competitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a “40, 40
18、, 20“ rule. Roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment
19、and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach - including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder - do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the lim
20、its of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily be come prisoner of its own investment in cost-cutting techniques, reducing its abi
21、lity to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured. Production managers have always seen their job as one of min
22、imizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny-pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers. Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has do
23、ne so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different
24、 areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides
25、 cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing. 21 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _. （ A） summarizing a thesis （ B） recommending a different approach （ C） comparing points of view （ D） making a series of predictions 22 The
26、authors attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as _. （ A） cautious （ B） critical （ C） disinterested （ D） respectful 23 In the passage, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） a business principle （ B） a definition of productivity （ C） an example of a successf
27、ul company （ D） an illustration of a process technology 24 The author suggests that implementing manufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is _. （ A） flawed and ruinous （ B） shortsighted and difficult to sustain （ C） popular and easily accomplished （ D） useful but inadequate 24 The year which
28、 preceded my fathers death made great change in my life. I had been living in New Jersey, working defense plants, working and living among southerners, white and black. I knew about the south, of course, and about how southerners treated Negroes and how they expected them to behave, but it had never
29、 entered my mind that anyone would look at me and expect me to behave that way. I learned in New Jersey that to be a Negro meant, precisely, that one was never looked at but was simply at the mercy of the reflexes of the color of ones skin caused in other people. I acted in New Jersey as I had alway
30、s acted, that is as though I thought a great deal of myself- I had to act that way - with results that were, simply, unbelievable. I had scarcely arrived before I had earned the enmity, which was extrodinarily ingenious, of all my superiors and nearly all my co-workers. In the beginning, to make mat
31、ters worse, I simply did not know what was happening. I did not know what had done, and I shortly began to wonder what anyone could possibly do, to bring about such unanimous, active, and unbearably vocal hostility. I knew about jim-crow but I had never experienced it. I went to the same self-servic
32、e restaurant three times and stood with all the Princeton boys before the counter, waiting for a hamburger and coffee; it was always an extrordinarily long time before anything was set before me: I had simply picked something up. Negroes were not served there, I was told, and they had been waiting f
33、or me to realize that I was always the only Negro present. Once I was told this, I determined to go there all the time. But now they were ready for me and, though some dreadful scenes were subsequently enacted in that restaurant, I never ate there again. It was same story all over New Jersey, in bar
34、s, howling alleys, diners, places to live. I was always being forced to leave, silently, or with mutual imprecations. I very shortly became notorious and children giggled behind me when I passed and their eiders whispered or shouted - they really believed that I was mad. And it did begin to work on
35、my mind, of course; I began to be afraid to go anywhere and to compensate for this I went places to which I really should not have gone and where, God knows, I had no desire to be. My reputation in town naturally enhanced my reputation at work and my working day became one long series of acrobatics
36、designed to keep me out of trouble. I cannot say that these acrobatics night, with but one aim: to eject me. I was fired once, and contrived, with the aid of a friend from New York, to get back on the payroll; was fired again, and bounced back again. It took a while to fire me for the third time, bu
37、t the third time took. There were no loopholes anywhere. There was not even any way of getting back inside the gates. That year in New Jersey lives in my mind as though it were the year during which, having an unsuspected predilection for it, I first contracted some dread, chronic disease, the unfai
38、ling symptom of which is kind of blind fever, a pounding in the skull and fire in the bowels. Once this disease is contracted, one can never be really carefree again, for the fever, without an instants warning, can recur at any moment. It can wreck more important race relations. There is not a Negro
39、 alive who does not have this rage in his blood - one has the choice, merely, of living with it consciously or surrendering to it. As for me, this fever has recurred in me, and does, and will until the day I die. My last night in New Jersey, a white friend from New York took me to the nearest big to
40、wn, Trenton, to go to the movies and have a few drinks. As it turned out, he also saved me from, at the very least, a violent whipping. Almost every detail of that night stands out very clearly in my memory. I even remember the name of the movie we saw because its title impressed me as being so part
41、ly ironical. It was a movie about the German occupation of France, starring Maureen OHara and Charles Laughton and called This Land Is Mine. I remember the name of the diner we walked into when the movie ended. It was the “American Diner“. when we walked in the counterman asked what we wanted and I
42、remembered answering with the casual sharpness which had become my habit: “We want a hamburger and a cup of coffee, what do you think we want?“ I do not know why, after a year of such rebuffs, I so completely failed to anticipate his answer, which was, of course, “We dont serve Negroes here.“ This r
43、eply failed to discompose me, at least for the moment. I made some sardonic comment about the name of the diner and we walked out into the streets. This was the time of what was called the “brown-out“, when the lights in all American cities were very dim. When we reentered the streets something happ
44、ened to me which had the force of an optical illusion, or a nightmare. The streets were very crowded and I was facing north. People were moving in every direction but it seemed to me, in that instant, that all of the people I could see, and many more than that, were moving toward me, against me, and
45、 that everyone was white. I remember how their faces string connecting my head to my body had been cut. I began to walk. I heard my friend call after me, but I ignored him. Heaven only knows what was going on in his mind, but he had the good sense not to touch me - I dont know what would have happen
46、ed if he had - and to keep me in sight. I dont know what was going on in my mind, either; I certainly had no conscious plan. I wanted to do something to crush these white faces, which were crushing me. I walked for perhaps a block or two until I came to all enormous, glittering, and fashionable rest
47、aurant in which I knew not even the intercession of the Virgin would cause me to be served. I pushed through the doors and looked the first vacant seat I saw, at a table or two, and waited. I do not know how long I waited and l rather wonder, until today, what I could possibly have looked like. What
48、ever I looked towards her. I hated her for her white face, and for her great, astounded, frightened eyes. I felt that if she found a black man so frightening I would make her fright worthwhile. She did not ask me what wanted, but repeated, as though she had learned it somewhere, “We dont serve Negro
49、es here.“ She did not say it with the blunt, derisive hostility to which I had grown so accustomed, but, rather, with a note of apology in her voice, and fear. This made me colder and more murderous than ever. I felt I had to do something with my hands. I wanted her to come close enough for me to get her neck between my hands. So I pretended not to have understood her, hoping to draw her closer. And she did step a very short step closer, with her pencil poised incongruously over pad, and repeated the
