1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 275及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Many articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referre
3、d to as “Corporate Culture“. . Maintaining corporate culture 1)Hewlett-Packard corporate culture:【 1】 _ for others, a sense of community, and plain hard work maintenance of corporate culture: through extensive training of managers and employees 2)Southwest Airlines zealous about hiring: looking for
4、a particular type of person, regardless of【 2】_ to spend a lot of time and communicate with employees in a variety of ways and a large part of it is【 3】 _ . Diversity of corporate culture Five continuums of cultures according to the Hofstede Cultural Orientation Model 1)Individual vs.【 4】 _ Orientat
5、ion 2)Power-distance Orientation 3)【 5】 _ Orientation 4)Dominant-Values Orientation 5)【 6】 _ Orientation . Change of corporate culture 1)To reengineer themselves: change to【 7】 _ orientation common and【 8】 goals organizational commitment role clarity among team members team leadership mutual account
6、ability with the team complementary knowledge and skills reinforcement of required behavioral competencies power(real and perceived) shared rewards 2)Increasing importance of corporate culture: result of several recent developments employees: to be more responsible and think like【 9】 _; expected to
7、always be “on-call“ companies: giving employees more flexible work schedules; filling employees need to belong to【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and th
8、en answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What strikes the woman most about the male robber is his_. （ A） clothes （ B） age （
9、 C） physique （ D） appearance 12 The most detailed information about the woman robber is her （ A） manners （ B） talkativeness （ C） height （ D） jewelry 13 The interviewee is believed to be a bank_. （ A） receptionist （ B） manager （ C） customer （ D） cashier 14 Which of the following about the two robbers
10、 is NOT true? （ A） Both were wearing dark sweaters. （ B） Neither was wearing glasses. （ C） Both were about the same age. （ D） One of them was marked by a scar. 15 After the incident the interviewee sounded_. （ A） calm and quiet （ B） nervous and numb （ C） timid and confused （ D） shocked and angry SEC
11、TION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following groups of facts about the reported bomb expl
12、osion is TRUE? （ A） Date: Monday; Place: a Shiite Mosque; Casualties: 16 killed, 30 injured. （ B） Dates Monday; Place; a house nearby a Shiite Mosque; Casualties: 17 killed, 30 injured. （ C） Date: Sunday; Place: unknown; Casualties: I killed. （ D） Date: Sunday; Place: a Shiite Mosque; Casualties: 17
13、 killed; 30 injured. 17 The bomb explosion might be linked to _. （ A） A1 Oaeda terrorist group （ B） citywide rioting on the day before （ C） the killing of a Sunni cleric （ D） the dispute over the ownership of the mosque 18 The tragic events on Sunday and Monday reveal _ in Pakistan. （ A） the histori
14、c hatred between Sunni and Shiite Muslims （ B） there are sectarian terrorists among both Sunni and Shiite Muslims （ C） Sunni Muslims could never have good relations with Shiite Muslims （ D） Sunni Muslims would not allow Shiite Muslims to challenge their majority role 19 The governor of an Iranian pr
15、ovince _. （ A） was killed in an earthquake （ B） was killed in a helicopter crash on Friday （ C） was among the 9 dead （ D） survived the crash 20 The earthquake in northern Iran killed at least _ people. （ A） 9 （ B） 25 （ C） 34 （ D） 80 20 To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to und
16、er stand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs. of th
17、e seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that w/Il satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the mark
18、eting concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevol
19、ent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are al ways two sides to every business transaction-the firm and the customer and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is
20、through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of tile importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. Tile non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restora
21、tion of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled! 21 The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,_. （ A） the practice of turning goods into money （ B） making goods available for purchase （ C） the customer-centered approach （ D） a form of pers
22、uasive salesmanship 22 What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted? （ A） The needs of the market. （ B） The efficiency of production. （ C） The satisfaction of the user. （ D） The preferences of the dealer, 23 What does the restoration of the Classic Cok
23、e best illustrate? （ A） Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people. （ B） It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public. （ C） Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please. （ D） Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer. 24 I
24、n discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on_. （ A） its main characteristic （ B） its social impact （ C） its possible consequence （ D） its theoretical basis 24 In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aust
25、erity programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods.
26、 Tile prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s. In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, ,the Federal Farm Board was orga
27、nized. It established the principle of direct interference with sup ply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to pro vide greater economic stability for farmers. President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to, this problem. One of the first measures proposed by P
28、resident Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave tile Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use.
29、 A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same re
30、sult of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the nation al interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Late
31、r the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid grain, and fertilizers. 25 What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products? （ A） The impact of the Great Depression. （ B） The shrinking of overseas markets. （ C） The destruction caused
32、by the First World War. （ D） The increased exports of European countries. 26 The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was_. （ A） to increase farm production （ B） to establish agricultural laws （ C） to prevent farmers from going bankrupt （ D） to promote the
33、 mechanization of agriculture 27 The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to_. （ A） reduce their scale of production （ B） make full use of their land （ C） adjust the prices of their farm products （ D） be self-sufficient in agricultural production 28 It was claimed that the new law
34、s passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at_. （ A） reducing the cost of farming （ B） conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation （ C） lowering the burden of farmers （ D） helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers 28 Taking charge of yourself involves
35、putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and b
36、ookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligen
37、t.“ Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an
38、 intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a mini mum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you hav
39、e the ultimate weapon against the big N. B. D. Nervous Break Down. “Intelligent people do not have N. B. D. s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. You can begin to think of yoursel
40、f as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Every one who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises ar
41、e a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences,
42、 while others collapse or have an N. B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the roost rare. 29 According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in ter
43、ms of one s ability to read, write and compute_. （ A） is a widely held but wrong concept （ B） will help eliminate intellectual prejudice （ C） is the root of all mental distress （ D） will contribute to ones self-fulfillment 30 It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree （ A） may res
44、ult in ones inability to solve complex real-life problems （ B） does not indicate ones ability to write properly worded documents （ C） may make one mentally sick and physically weak （ D） does not mean that one is highly intelligent 31 The author thinks that an intelligent person knows_. （ A） how to p
45、ut up with some very prevalent myths （ B） how to find the best way to achieve success in life （ C） how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile （ D） how to persuade others to compromise 32 According to the passage, what kind of people are rare? （ A） Those who dont emphasize bookish excellenc
46、e in their pursuit of happiness. （ B） Those who are aware of difficulties in life hut know how to avoid unhappiness. （ C） Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B.Ds. （ D） Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumst
47、ances. 32 What are the zebra stripes on the tomato soup cans and potato chip bags.? They are special black and white vertical lines. These black and white stripes can be read by an optical scanner, or computer. The “scanner, which reads the lines of code, is a small laser beam of light. When the lig
48、ht ray is broken by the black stripes, the computer “reads“ the in formation about the product. The code is called the Universal Product Code (UPC). h is de signed to add speed and efficiency to stores by using computers. It can do this in several ways. First, it is not necessary for workers to put
49、individual prices on items. Errors in prices are eliminated, or done away with. Also, the time spent checking out is reduced. UPC gives an itemized receipt to the customer with all the items, prices, and totals. The store clerk does not need to spend time checking the price on the item and punching it into cash register. This UPC computerized system will probably save as much as 45 percent of the checkout clerk
