1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 283及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Motivation for Words Motivation deals with the connection between name and sense. Basically, there are th
3、ree motivations for words: . Onomatopoeic motivation defining the principle of motivation by 【 1】 _. 【 1】 _ primary onomatopoeia: the 【 2】 _ of sound 【 2】 _ by sound 【 3】 _ onomatopoeia: association of 【 3】 _ sound with senses e. g. -ump suggests 【 4】 _. 【 4】 _ . 【 5】 _ motivation defining motivatio
4、n by 【 5】 _ mental association. It is closely connected with figures of speech: 【 6】 _: containing an implied comparison 【 6】 _ metonymy: naming something by its attributes synecdoche: the 【 7】 _ of a part for a 【 7】 _ whole or vice versa . Logical motivation defining a concept by logic. There are t
5、wo 【 8】 _ involved in giving a 【 8】 _ definition: the first is to identify the genus and the second is to 【 9】 _ the item being defined from 【 9】 _ other similar species in the same genus. There may be factors leading to loss of motivation. They are change in morphological structure and change in 【
6、10】 _. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the intervi
7、ew you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the interview, which of the following statements is TRUE about Sam? （ A） He has rushed out to get the crib. （ B） He is going to have a baby soon. （ C） He is not good at family
8、 budget. （ D） He doesnt plan properly for his life. 12 When it, comes to nursing articles, Sam suggests that parents should （ A） go to a Costco. （ B） buy in large quantity. （ C） ask for others favor. （ D） buy second-hand items. 13 Sometimes parents buy the best thing in all the labels because it is
9、about （ A） price. （ B） quality. （ C） status. （ D） safety. 14 If parents want to know how they spend the money, they should （ A） figure out where the money goes. （ B） take a piece of paper with them. （ C） budget for a baby every day. （ D） note down every expense. 15 According to the interviewee, pare
10、nts can do all of the following to save money EXCEPT （ A） swaping clothes with other parents. （ B） buying clothes in discount stores. （ C） buying fancy newborn equipment. （ D） going on eBay to buy nursing articles. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ON
11、LY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How many people were killed in the series of bomb explosions in Madrid? （ A） 90. （ B） 190. （ C） 120. （ D） 1,200. 17 According to the Spanish governme
12、nt, who were responsible for the bomb explosions? （ A） Eta. （ B） al-Qaida. （ C） the supporters of the opposing party. （ D） the terrorists from the Middle East. 18 Where did the explosions take place? （ A） In some train stations. （ B） In some business areas. （ C） In the suburbs of Madrid. （ D） In the
13、 downtown of Madrid. 19 Mr. Greenspan warned that _. （ A） protectionism would hurt America （ B） glohalization would be harmful to America （ C） more and more people would lose their jobs （ D） the prices would increase by 12 percent 20 According to Greenspan, what is essential to the economic success
14、of a country? （ A） Improvement in everyday life. （ B） Improvement in educational system. （ C） Lower wages and more working hours. （ D） More experienced workers and technicians. 20 Back in 2000, inspired by a desire to help those in need, Megan and Dennis Doyle of Minneapolis decided they wanted to d
15、o more than just volunteer or write a check. Instead, they took $ 30, 000 of their own money and started a nonprofit called Hope for the City. The organization collects corporate overstock and distributes it to nonprofits in the Twin Cities, nationwide, and internationally to 26 developing countries
16、. Today the nonprofit has a $ 900, 000 operating budget and a 25, 000-sq. ft. warehouse to store the donated items and has distributed nearly $ 380 million of in-kind merchandise since its inception. “This makes us feel like were a part of something a lot bigger than just the two of us, “says Dennis
17、, 54, who is CEO of a local commercial real estate firm. The Doyles are not alone in their desire to give back. There are more than 1 million 501(c)(3) charities like theirs, up nearly 70% from the 614, 000 that existed a decade ago, according to Tom Pollak, program director with the National Center
18、 for Charitable Statistics at the Urban Institute. Organizations dedicated to education, disaster relief, job development, the environment and AIDS are among todays “hot causes, “ says Phyllis McGrath, president of Philanthropy Management, a Fairfield, Conn. , consulting firm that works with nonprof
19、its nationwide. Fueling this growth are several factors: baby boomers with a social-entrepreneurship mind-set and added time in their lives to give back to their communities, such tragic events as Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina, and greater numbers of wealthy individuals with the funds to launch the
20、ir own nonprofits. But starting a nonprofit is a Herculean effort, requiring patience and determination. It can take at least six months to a year and as much as 30 to 40 hours a week to get an organization off the ground, McGrath says. Hiring an attorney experienced with nonprofits to handle statew
21、ide and federal applications is key. The 501(c) (3) designation comes from the IRS (Internal Revenue Service), and nonprofits are expected to provide the government with such information as a mission statement, an idea of who will be assisted and by what methods, anticipated budget and board of dire
22、ctors, says Andrew Grumet, a lawyer representing nonprofits with the Manhattan firm Herrick, Feinstein, LLP. Accountants familiar with nonprofits can advise on how much of an investment can be made without affecting personal wealth. But even with the best of intentions, nonprofits have a high failur
23、e rate: only one-third survive beyond five years, says Stan Madden, director ofthe Center for Nonprofit Studies at the Hankamer School of Business at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. The best approach is to start with a business plan. Research other organizations in the field to make sure there is
24、no other group addressing the same cause. Consult with other charities to determine that there are constituents who can really use your services. As McGrath notes, “Consider a realistic and doable niche that your organization can uniquely fill.“ That is just what Beth Shaw, 41, did. The owner of a $
25、 4 million company that trains yoga fitness instructors worldwide, Shaw used her knowledge of the market to launch Visionary Women in Fitness, which provides scholarships to underprivileged women so they can train to become instructors. With a budget of just $ 30, 000, the nonprofit, based in Hermos
26、a Beach, Calif. ,is able to help 15 to 20 women a year learn a skill that can get them an entry-level job. “I have two homes and a successful business, and so many young women out there have nothing, “says Shaw, who has donated $ 50, 000 of her own money since she launched the charity in June 2004.
27、“ This was the time in my life to step up and start giving back.“ 21 Which of the following is NOT true about Hope for the City? （ A） Its a nonprofit organization collecting corporate excessive supply. （ B） Its a nonprofit organization distributing donated items to other nonprofits. （ C） It was init
28、iated by individuals desiring to do more than donating money. （ D） Its a nonprofit organization with few opportunities of secure investment. 22 Which of the following does NOT make for the growth of charities? （ A） Baby boomers whore willing to give back to their communities. （ B） Hot causes dedicat
29、ed to education, job development, the environment, etc. （ C） Tragic events like Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina. （ D） Wealthy people with the funds to launch their own nonprofits. 23 “Herculean“ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to （ A） of or relating to Hercules. （ B） characterized by req
30、uiring skill. （ C） characterized by requiring great strength. （ D） having a high degree of intelligence. 24 It can be concluded from the passage that （ A） hard work and good intentions dont guarantee the success of nonprofits. （ B） an experienced lawyer is the determining factor of the success of no
31、nprofits. （ C） accountants will be helpful in deciding whether to invest in nonprofits. （ D） investing in nonprofits means a high risk of losing ones wealth. 25 Which category of writing does the passage belong to? （ A） Narration. （ B） Description. （ C） Persuasion. （ D） Exposition. 25 That summer an
32、 army of crickets started a war with my father. They picked a fight the minute they invaded our cellar. Dad didnt care for bugs much more than Mamma, but he could tolerate a few spiders and assorted creepy crawlers living in the basement. Every farm house had them. A part of rustic living, and somet
33、hing you needed to put up with if you wanted the simple life. He told Mamma: Now that were living out here, you cant be jerking your head and swallowing your gum over whats plain natural, Ellen. But she was a city girl through and through and had no ears when it came to defending vermin. She said a
34、cricket was just a noisy cockroach, just a dumb horny bug that wouldnt shut up. She said in the city there were blocks of buildings overrun with cockroaches with no way for people to get rid of them. No sir, no way could she sleep with all that chirping going on; then to prove her point she wouldnt
35、go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my fathers cigarettes and she paced between the couch and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so Dad drove to the hardware store and hurried back. He squirted poison from a jug with a spray nozzle. He sprayed the basement and all around th
36、e foundation of the house. When he was finished he told us that was the end of it. But what he should have said was: This is the beginning, the beginning of our war, the beginning of our destruction. I often think back to that summer and try to imagine him delivering a speech with words like that, b
37、ecause for the next fourteen days mamma kept finding dead crickets in the clean laundry. Shed shake out a towel or a sheet and a dead black cricket would roll across the linoleum. Sometimes the cat would corner one, and swat it around like he was playing hockey, then carry it away in his mouth. Dad
38、said swallowing a few dead crickets wouldnt hurt as long as the cat didnt eat too many. Each time Mamma complained he told her it was only natural that wed be finding a couple of dead ones for a while. Soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. Mamma freaked because she thoug
39、ht they were the dead crickets come back to haunt, but Dad said these was definitely a new batch, probably coming up on the pipes. He fetched his jug of poison and sprayed beneath the sink and behind the toilet and all along the baseboard until the whole house smelled of poison, and then he sprayed
40、the cellar again, and then he went outside and sprayed all around the foundation leaving a foot-wide moat of poison. For a couple of weeks we went back to finding dead crickets in the laundry. Dad told us to keep a sharp look out, He suggested that wed all be better off to hide as many as we could f
41、rom mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didnt like because he scratched and bit for no reason. I hoped the poison might kill him so we could get a puppy. A couple of weeks later, when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, he emptied the cellar of junk. Then he burned a lot of bundled ne
42、wspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests. He stood over that fire with a rake in one hand and a garden hose in the other. He wouldnt leave it even when Mamma sent me out to fetch him for supper. He wouldnt leave the fire, and she wouldnt put supper on the table. Both m
43、y brothers were crying. Finally she went out and got him herself. And while we ate, the wind lifted some embers onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the lawn mowers fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught, there wasnt much anyo
44、ne could do. 26 The word “rustic“ in the first paragraph probably means （ A） urban. （ B） rural. （ C） metropolitan. （ D） extravagant. 27 Which of the following is TRUE of Dad and Mamma? （ A） Compared with Mamma, Dad was more tolerant of bugs. （ B） Mamma took Dads advice to put up with some crawlers.
45、（ C） Dad could hear to have spiders more than bugs. （ D） Mamma often swallowed her gum in the house. 28 Dad had to go to the hardware store to buy （ A） some pesticide. （ B） a toxic jug. （ C） a spray nozzle. （ D） some cigarettes. 29 Dad sprayed poison in all of the following places EXCEPT （ A） kitche
46、n. （ B） basement. （ C） bathroom. （ D） sitting-room. 30 The immediate cause of the fire is （ A） the wind. （ B） some embers. （ C） the explosion of the fuel tank. （ D） the materials of the roof. 30 Though not the ideal shape for a Christmas stocking , this slim little volume could nevertheless make a w
47、elcome seasonal gift. Launched in Britain at the end of October, and covering just under 100 pages (with paragraphs inset almost to the middle of the page) , it is not much more than an extended essay. But it presents an interesting idea eloquently and clearly, offering digestible brain food amid a
48、surfeit of turkey and television. The author, Gerard Fairtlough, was a senior executive With Shell for many years before he left in 1980 to found a new biotechnology company called Celltech-recently bought by UCB, a Belgian group, for over $ 2 billion. He knows how businesses are run-both well-estab
49、lished organisations, such as Shell, in which it can be hard to see an alternative to “the way things are done around here“, and new start-ups, where the founders enthusiasm can evaporate if it has to be corralled into an organogram. The authors thesis is that we are all addicted to hierarchy-partly because that is how we are hardwired, as are our simian cousins, but also because we do
