1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 303及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 American Group Dynamics Today, in Western research institutes and university department, much work is don
3、e as a team project and American group dynamics is a topic we should be familiar with. I. The View of Professional and (1)Relationships 【 1】 _ 1. Separate the two relationships no need to (2)with your co-workers 【 2】 _ no need to socialize with your co-workers after office hours 2. Neglect the confl
4、icting personalities or (3)【 3】 _ put aside your negative attitude towards a coworker and . Equality and Participation 1. Everyone is treated as (4)【 4】 _ express his/her opinion freely 2. A leaders role not dominate a group not the important person make sure everyone (5)【 5】 _ act more like (6)than
5、 a boss 【 6】 _ make sure the discussion stays on topic 3. Group members talk to each other III. Compromises (7)【 7】 _ 1. Give or (8)your ideas to the group 【 8】 _ 2. Take or accept the ideas of other members . Rules for Team Meetings 1. An agenda a list of items to be discussed; (9)of discussion 【 9
6、】 _ 2. A (10)for decision making 【 10】 _ everyone participates everyone takes ownership 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that foll
7、ow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What is the conversation mainly about? （ A） The location of the Economics office. （ B） Course arrangement. （ C） Fac
8、ilities and teaching faculty. （ D） School regulations and restrictions. 12 What is the possible relationship of the two speakers? （ A） Two students. （ B） Two teachers. （ C） A student and a teacher. （ D） A student and a director. 13 According to the conversation, Mary will probably meet Dr. Roberts a
9、t （ A） 3 p.m （ B） 4 p. m. （ C） 5 p.m （ D） 8:45 a.m. the next day. 14 The course requirements of the School of Economics cover all the following EXCEPT （ A） 90% of lecture attendance. （ B） tutorial once a week. （ C） a 3,000-word essay. （ D） a closed book exam. 15 Mary is suggested to get the core boo
10、ks of the course by （ A） buying them. （ B） borrowing them front tile library. （ C） borrowing them from the Closed Reserve. （ D） reading them in the Closed Reserve. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions
11、that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following is TRUE of Zimbabwe? （ A） It became independent from US in 1980. （ B） It suffers from inflation and unemployment. （ C） It has many refugees fleeing from other countries. （ D） It
12、 has been ruled by Mugabe for two decades. 17 The farmers federations have said that the strike will last for （ A） two weeks. （ B） a month. （ C） an unknown period. （ D） three days. 18 What was the consequence of the 2001 protests in Argentina? （ A） Butchers and supermarkets were affected. （ B） The e
13、x-president was overthrown. （ C） Roads to the capital were blocked. （ D） Export taxes for farm products were cut. 19 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） UK has trained far more nurses than it needs. （ B） UK is facing unemployment and downsizing. （ C） UK is losing its nurses to Australia in
14、employment. （ D） UK should encourage nurses to work in Australia. 20 According to Howard Catton, why do more nurses tend to work in Australia? （ A） Because of attractive salaries and a series of incentives. （ B） Because of starting salaries and recruitment activity. （ C） Because of the convenient ai
15、r travel between two countries. （ D） Because of the permanent residency and accommodation. 20 As we have seen in earlier chapters, the American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a higher material standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that Americans have valu
16、ed education for its monetary value. The belief is wide spread in the United States that the more schooling people have, the more money they will earn when they leave school. The belief is strongest regarding the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a professional degree such as me
17、dicine or law following the undergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees in “nonprofessional“ fields such as art, history, or philosophy is not as great. This belief in the monetary value of education is supported by statistics on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, estimated th
18、at in the course of a lifetime a man with a college degree in 1972 would earn about￥ 380. 000 more than a man with just a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain Survey findings which showed that Americans who wished they had led their lives differently in some way regretted most of all t
19、hat they did net get more education. The regret is shared by those who have made it to the top and by those who have not. Journalist Richard Reeves quotes a black worker in a Ford automobile factory. “When I was in the ninth grade, I was getting bad grades and messing around. My father came home in
20、the kitchen one night with a pair of Ford work punts and he threw them in my face. Put these on, he said, because youre going to be wearing them the rest of your life if you dont get an education. “ Douglas Fraser, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, regretted not finishing high school s
21、o much that he occasionally lied about it. He told Richard Reeves about his pride in graduating from high school, but then a few minutes later he said: “I wasnt telling the truth about high school. I never finished. I quit in the twelfth grade to take a job. Its funny after all these years, I still
22、lie about it. Because the fact is, I still think it was a stupid thing to do. I should have finished my education.“ Even a man like Fraser, a nationally known and successful leader, was troubled by regrets that he did not climb higher on the educational ladder. 21 What is the main idea of this passa
23、ge? （ A） Americans place a high value on education. （ B） Americans believe it is possible, though difficult, to be successful without an advanced degree. （ C） Americans believe that the more the education, the higher the salary. （ D） A basic American value is acquiring material wealth. 22 Which of t
24、he following degrees would probably be most valued by Americans? （ A） A masters degree in literature. （ B） A masters degree in specialized fields. （ C） A masters degree in pure maths. （ D） A masters degree in anthropology. 23 The survey conducted by Ben suggested that people _ regretted most having
25、not got more education. （ A） who hoped to teach （ B） who were not content with their own way of living （ C） who were proud of their social positions （ D） who had quit high schools too early 24 When the factory worker in the third paragraph was a teenager, his father _. （ A） wanted him to start earni
26、ng a living （ B） wanted him to study harder （ C） wanted him to work with him at the Ford plant （ D） wanted him to stop wearing such messy clothes 25 Which of the following is TRUE about Douglas Fraser? （ A） He was proud to have finished high school education. （ B） He became a successful leader thank
27、s to his education. （ C） He wished he hadnt dropped out of school. （ D） He was a liar. 25 What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from societys present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought
28、to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homers epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to
29、be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies. Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these, But the United States is a co
30、untry of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus
31、 that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modem man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live
32、 for“. There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose. Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as ate found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in princi
33、ple and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to
34、have consensus, it must be based on a myth-a vision-about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place
35、in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness -in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social sta
36、ndards and values. 26 In the authors view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in the _. （ A） lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life （ B） non-existence of unanimity on the forms the society should take （ C） general denying of its conformity with what it was unex
37、pected to be （ D） public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms 27 Homers epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact that _. （ A） the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily （ B） the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable （ C） the past can help to sh
38、ape a consensus in the present （ D） the past determines social moralities for later generations 28 The asocial personality of Americans results from _. （ A） the multiracial constituents of the US society （ B） the absence of a common religion and ancestry （ C） the want of shared myths they possess in
39、 life （ D） the obstruction of achieving a general agreement 29 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Christopher Lasch is most probably _. （ A） an earnest nationalist （ B） an advanced psychologist （ C） a radical reformer （ D） a social historian 30 The author concludes that only shared myths can h
40、elp Americans _. （ A） bring about the uniformity of their culture （ B） diminish their great individual differences （ C） avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious （ D） regain the feelings of social values and morale 30 On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ eutha
41、nasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch s
42、tatute books punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted. Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and n
43、urses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most often in the “passive“ form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ult
44、imate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of Br
45、itish subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings. Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like
46、Americans, are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, women to almost 80. As Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of “rational euthanasia“ says, “lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death.“ And so the euthanasist
47、s have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have the right to “die with dignity“, by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia has argued that the right t
48、o die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life. That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, t
49、he proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safeguards. 31 According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Active euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law. （ B） The doctor who carried out euthanasia will be charged. （ C） An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused. （ D） Active euthanasia executives will be sentenced to 12 year
