1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 312及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The English Vocabulary Vocabulary is a complete inventory of the words in a language. It can be divided i
3、nto active vocabulary, which refers to 【 1】 _ which a person use, and 【 1】 _ passive vocabulary. The English vocabulary is a mixture of native words and borrowed words: . Native words-Most of them are of 【 2】 _ 【 2】 _ origin. 1)words denoting the commonest things necessary for life 2)words denoting
4、the most indispensable things 3)auxiliary and modal verbs, etc. They are 【 3】 _ in number. 【 3】 _ . Borrowed words Also known as 【 4】 _. 【 4】 _ 1)The adaptation of foreign words into the English vocabulary began 【 5】 _ the English 【 5】 _ came to England. 2)Many of the words about religious service s
5、uch as bishop, creed, and priest are from 【 6】 _ 【 6】 _ 3)The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced many 【 7】 _ words into English. 【 7】 _ 4)The Renaissance introduced many 【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ words into English. 5)At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, English made a number of 【 9】 _from languages 【 9】
6、 _ spoken outside Europe. 6)In the twentieth century, words derived from Latin or Greek elements are learned or 【 10】 _ 【 10】 _ words and they dont seem foreign. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear ever
7、ything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the dialogue, what class is
8、Prof. Green teaching? （ A） Literature. （ B） History. （ C） Economics. （ D） Psychology. 12 The assignment in week three should （ A） focus on the change in the lifestyle of peasants from 1930 to 1940. （ B） be one to two pages long. （ C） be a brief response to Stephens novel. （ D） focus on the living co
9、nditions of peasants during the 1930s. 13 What does Professor Green say about the Bibliography? （ A） It is unnecessary at all. （ B） It is necessary if the essay is a long one. （ C） He says nothing about it. （ D） It is definitely necessary if students quote an author. 14 When is the third writing ass
10、ignment due? （ A） By the end of the third week. （ B） By the end of the fifth week. （ C） By the end of the seventh week. （ D） By the end of the ninth week. 15 How many chapters does the class have to read each week? （ A） Five. （ B） Ten. （ C） Fifteen （ D） Eight. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In
11、 this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What do you know about the resort Cancun? （ A） There were 13,000 people needed to be moved. （ B） The hu
12、rricane came in 1988 killed 300 people. （ C） It is the largest resort in the world. （ D） It never experienced a mass evacuation. 17 Emily will land on the Yucatan _. （ A） early Sunday （ B） early Monday （ C） late Sunday （ D） late Monday 18 Mr. Supachai stressed that _. （ A） the Doha round cant be fin
13、ished by 2006 （ B） strong political will is necessary （ C） nations can continue the negotiation even if there were no consensus among them （ D） Decembers conference to be held in Doha next year is important 19 Where were the Kuwaitis captured? （ A） Afghanistan and Iraq. （ B） Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan.
14、 （ C） India and Pakistan. （ D） Pakistan and Afghanistan. 20 According to the news, which of the following statements is true? （ A） Many detainees in Guantanamo Bay have been held for more than 2 years. （ B） U.S government doesnt permit Wilner to discuss their cases. （ C） Some of the Kuwaitis are mem
15、bers of Taliban. （ D） Human rights group are deeply concerned about the situation of the detainees. 20 Quake Engineering: Looking at the Turkish Earthquake Damage? Despite the size of the devastating quake that ripped through Turkey, American structural engineers say there was something that might h
16、ave alleviated the damage and saved lives. These images of the devastation in Turkey confirm what seismic engineers already know: that a powerful earthquake has an ally in a weak building. Jim Malley of Degenkolb Engineers, “This is the most common form of multi-story building In Turkey. Its what we
17、 call a concrete frame.“ Structural engineer Jim Malley studied damaged buildings in Turkey in 1992 after a 6.8 (Richter Scale)quake left more than 600 dead. Jim Malley says, “These are very heavy buildings and its not uncommon for them to collapse In earthquakes because of the extra mass. The risk
18、of building collapse increases when the first floor is a shop and glass windows replace brick walls. Undoubtedly, there was a glass store front at this level, and all that came through for the structure, was concrete columns, and that made it much weaker, and as a result we got the collapse of that
19、first story.“ Malley says Turkeys concrete frame buildings often lack reinforcing steel, use too little or use a smooth steel bar that fails to grip the concrete. “We use whats called deformed bars where theres little bumps on the steel, which helps to tie the reinforcing steel into the concrete, an
20、d smooth bars. it pulls out much more easily.“ In California, where each big quake teaches engineers another way of coping, steel frames reduce the weight of new buildings, and strong joints keep them agile. Janiele Maffei shows a San Francisco skyscraper under construction and says, “The building i
21、s designed to move and to sway. and the connections to stay together.“ Structural engineer Jardele Maffei says the 1994 Northridge, California quake, revealed the weakness of rigid joints. Engineers found a simple solution, She demonstrates the point by way of the building under way, “See to the rig
22、ht of the connection. See the beam? See how it looks like its been tapered? Thats called a dog bone; you can see how it looks like a dog bone, how its tapered. What that will do is it will take the stresses away from the connection, and concentrate them in that smaller section of the beam.“ Cross br
23、acing up the elevator shaft gives a building brute strength. Janiele Maffei says, “What steel bracing does, is it connects the various floors, and keeps there from moving relative to each other in an earthquake.“ Maffei says Turkish engineers do know how to build for earthquakes and building codes i
24、n Turkey are good, at least on paper. But somehow the system failed to produce earthquake resistant buildings 21 According to the article, what is the most common form of multi-story building in Turkey? （ A） Wooden structures. （ B） Reinforced concrete single levels. （ C） The concrete frame. （ D） The
25、 dog bone frame. 22 According to the article, why is it significant that buildings way have shops on the first (ground)floors with glass window displays? （ A） People like to shop on the ground floor of buildings. （ B） People can see into the windows on this level. （ C） Windows do not support a build
26、ing as well as walls do. （ D） People should not shop in large buildings. 23 Earthquakes in California have taught people _. （ A） to have panic attacks with strangers （ B） ways of coping with construction techniques （ C） how to build weak joints （ D） to be seismic engineers 24 According to structural
27、 engineers in California, what is important for an earthquake-resistant building? （ A） Rigid frames so that buildings do not move in earthquakes. （ B） Concrete frames. （ C） Buildings designed to move and sway. （ D） One-story buildings. 25 According to the article, why should building joints be agile
28、? （ A） Such joints are cheap. （ B） Such joints make buildings flexible and moveable. （ C） Such joints are concrete frames. （ D） Such joints make the buildings rigid. 25 Dirty Britain Before the grass has thickened on the roadside verges and leaves have started growing on the trees is a perfect time
29、to look around and see just how dirty Britain has become. The pavements are stained with chewing gum that has been spat out and the gutters are full of discarded fast food cartons. Years ago I remember travelling abroad and being saddened by the plastic bags, discarded bottles and soiled nappies at
30、the edge of every road. Nowadays, Britain seems to look at least as had. What has gone wrong? The problem is that the rubbish created by our increasingly mobile lives lasts a lot longer than before. If it is not cleared up and properly thrown away, it stays in the undergrowth for years; a semi-perma
31、nent reminder of what a tarry little country we have now. Firstly, it is estimated that 10 billion plastic bags have been given to shoppers. These will take anything from 100 to 1,000 years to rot. However, it is not as if there is no solution to this. A few years ago, the Irish government introduce
32、d a tax on non-recyclable carrier bags and in three months reduced their use by 99%. When he was a minister, Michael Meacher attempted to introduce a similar arrangement in Britain. The plastics industry protested, of course. However, they need not have bothered; the idea was killed before it could
33、draw breath, leaving supermarkets free to give away plastic bags. What is clearly necessary right now is some sort of combined initiative, both individual and collective, before it is too late. The alternative is to continue sliding downhill until we have a country that looks like a vast municipal r
34、ubbish tip. We may well be at the tipping point. Yet we know that people respond to their environ-meet. If things around them are clean and tidy, people behave cleanly and tidily. If they are surrounded by squalor, they behave squalidly. Now, much of Britain looks pretty squalid. What wilt it look l
35、ike in five years? 26 The writer says that it is a good time to see Britain before the trees have leaves because _. （ A） Britain looks perfect （ B） you can see Britain at its dirtiest （ C） you can see how dirty Britain is now （ D） the grass has thickened on the verges 27 According to the writer, thi
36、ngs used to be _. （ A） worse abroad （ B） the same abroad （ C） better abroad （ D） worse, but now things are better abroad 28 For the writer, the problem is that _. （ A） rubbish is not cleared up （ B） rubbish lasts longer than it used to （ C） our society is increasingly mobile （ D） Britain is a tarry
37、country 29 Michael Meacher _. （ A） followed the Irish example with a tax on plastic bags （ B） tried to follow the Irish example with a tax on plastic bags （ C） made no attempt to follow the Irish example with a tax on plastic bags （ D） had problems with the plastics industry who wasnt bothered about
38、 the tax 30 The writer thinks _. （ A） it is too late to do anything （ B） we are at the tipping point （ C） there is no alternative （ D） we need to work together to solve the problem 30 Oregon Mom Forced to Treat Baby for HIV Kathleen Tyson wants desperately to breast feed her baby, But the state of O
39、regon says it will take the baby from her if she does. The government threatened the action after Tyson tested positive for HIV, the virus the vast majority of medical researchers say causes AIDS. For now, at least, she gives the infant a cows milk formula. And until a few weeks ago, she reluctantly
40、 gave him a state ordered medically prescribed six-week course of the powerful AIDS drug AZT. She faces a court date in April to try to regain total freedom in how she cares for her son, including the right to breastfeed. Kathleen Tyson says, “There is evidence that there is something in breast milk
41、 that inhibits the binding of HIV to receptor cells in the infant. So were starting to get an idea that maybe its not so bad as everybody thinks.“ Tyson and her husband David are at odds with the medical establishment and the medical research showing HIV causes aids. Nor is the couple convinced by s
42、tudies that show HIV can be transmitted by breast milk. Whats more, the Tysons say they have no idea why Kathleen tested positive. The two say theyve had a monogamous relationship for eleven years, never used I-V drugs, or had blood transfusions, and that both David and the baby tested negative. Are
43、 they in denial about the reality of AIDS? “Since Im one who takes care of children with HIV and have watched children die of AIDS, the idea that someone would allow a preventable disease to be transmitted like that, absolutely breaks my heart,“ says Dr. Paul Lewis. David Tyson answers that charge,
44、“A lot of people say that; I think the medical establishment is in denial about the evidence that indicates their theory is a dud. Theyve been working on this for 16 years now, and theyve put more resources into this than any other issue that weve had. And they arent any closer to any mechanism of p
45、athogenicity than they were when they started.“ Kathleen Tyson says, “I think we weighed the issue. I think weve looked at a lot of material. And I think that were rational, responsible people. And there are just enough things, for me, that dont make sense, that I have to question it.“ The Tysons fi
46、nd support on an Internet site which claims that a growing number of bio-medical scientists say the AIDS virus is harmless and not sexually transmitted, Site authors claim its the anti-viral medications like AZT that kill. David Tyson says of the web site, “. and these have a number of quotes by a n
47、umber of prominent people in the biomedical field about their doubts about this theory.“ The site helped the Tysous reach David Rasnick, a visiting scientist in the department of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. Rasnick is president of a group opposed to prevaili
48、ng theories on the cause of AIDS. In an e-mail, Rasnick told the Tyanus to refuse AZT for their infant son. David Rasnick of the group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV/AIDS Hypothesis, “Were interfering with healthy mothers and healthy children to breast feed; were giving these kids poisono
49、us drugs in the chance they might develop anti-bodies to HIV.“ Rasnicks advice deeply troubles Dr. Paul Lewis, an Oregon childrens infectious diseases specialist. He says, “Since Im one who takes care of children with HIV and have watched children die of AIDS, the idea that someone would allow a preventable disease to be transmitted like that, absolutely breaks my heart.“ Lewis say
