1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 318及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 With the explosion of excitement about the Internet, there seems to be another type of addiction that has
3、 invaded the human psyche. I. Internet addiction or computer addiction: what to name the phenomenon? 1)Internet Addiction Disorder - Some people seem to be too excited about the Internet. 2)Computer Addiction - Many people are attached only to their computers and dont care about the Internet. 3)Cybe
4、rspace Addiction - an addiction to 【 1】 _ of experience created through computer engineering - many subtypes with 【 2】 _ some are game and competition oriented some fulfill more 【 3】 _ some are an extension of workaholicism . Normal enthusiasm and abnormal preoccupation: where to draw the line? 1)Ad
5、dictions can be healthy, unhealthy or 【 4】 _. - healthy: an outlet for learning, creativity and self-expression - unhealthy: serious disturbances in ones ability to function in 【 5】 _ 2)With no official psychological or psychiatric diagnosis of an Internet or Computer Addiction, there are only defin
6、itions of the constellation of 【 6】 _ that constitute such addictions in different ways. . Problematic addiction and healthy Internet use: the speakers premise 1)problematic addiction: when they have 【 7】 _ their cyber life from face-to-face life 2)healthy Internet use: 【 8】 _ the face-to-face and c
7、yberspace worlds 3)“bringing in the real world“ - an important principle for helping people who are addictively 【 9】 _ in cyberspace - a powerful tool for intervening with people who are addicted to 【 10】 _ in cyberspace 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION
8、 B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to
9、the interview. 11 Which of the following statements is TRUE about the research Dr. Smith and his colleagues have been doing? （ A） They try to help cancer patients overcome fright. （ B） They help doctors become sensitive to patients feelings. （ C） They have been doing the research for five years. （ D
10、） There are totally five of them in the research program. 12 What does Dr. Smith think about doctors ability to communicate bad news? （ A） Some of the doctors are born with the ability. （ B） Most doctors can develop the ability naturally by i0teracting with patients. （ C） Some doctors dont deem this
11、 ability important. （ D） Doctors can acquire the ability over time by following good models and practicing. 13 According to Dr. Smith, doctors had better _ if his cancer has come back. （ A） ask the patient about his expectation first （ B） ask the patient about his past experience with cancer first （
12、 C） tell the patient directly （ D） tell the patient everythings OK 14 Which of the following should NOT doctors do when telling the bad news? （ A） To use the patients language. （ B） To be direct and concrete. （ C） To distance themselves from the patient. （ D） To show empathy for the patient. 15 Dr.
13、Smiths motivation to do the research comes from _. （ A） his experience with many cancer patients （ B） his mothers death （ C） his conversation with a senior physician （ D） his experience as an oncology trainee SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Li
14、sten carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Ste. Genevieve is known for the following EXCEPT （ A） French colonial architecture. （ B） French traditions. （ C） historic preservation. （ D） alternate owne
15、rship. 17 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） Somalia is re-infected with polio virus. （ B） Somalia has successfully eradicated polio. （ C） Somalia suffers from indigenous polio. （ D） Polio still persists in developing countries. 18 According to the WHO, what does the success that Somalia h
16、as achieved show? （ A） Polio can be re-infected with virus originating from other countries. （ B） Polio can be eventually wiped out however persistent it may seem. （ C） Polio can be eradicated from areas where no central government functions. （ D） Polio can be eliminated from developing countries wh
17、ere it persists. 19 How many people were on beard when the tour bus crashed? （ A） Five. （ B） Six. （ C） Seven. （ D） Forty-five. 20 According to a police spokesman, what did initial inquiries show? （ A） Rick Vega was found to have a bad driving record. （ B） Navaira had been drinking before the acciden
18、t. （ C） Joe Casias had been speeding before the accident. （ D） Navaira was found to have no bus-driving license. 20 For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological), and sciences dealing with mankind (psycho
19、logy, sociology, all the sciences of culture achievements, and every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil
20、l the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects o
21、r applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and a
22、utonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example.
23、If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not
24、 imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignora
25、nce. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had been sought disinterestedly. 21 The author does not include among the sciences the study of _. （ A） astronomy （ B） economics （ C） anthropology （ D） literature 22 In the paragraphs
26、 that follow this passage, we may expect the author to discuss _. （ A） the value of technical research （ B） the value of pure research （ C） philosophy （ D） scientific foundations 23 The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections _. （ A） were mathematicians （ B） were interested in n
27、avigation （ C） were unaware of the value of their studies （ D） worked with electricity 24 Which one of the following best expresses the idea of this passage? （ A） Technical Progress. （ B） Mans Distinguishing Characteristics. （ C） Learning for Its Own Sake. （ D） The Difference Between Science and Phi
28、losophy. 25 The practical scientist _. （ A） knows the value of what he will discover （ B） is interested in the unknown （ C） knows that the world exists （ D） is a philosopher 25 For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparin
29、g for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and the status we are accorded to a considerable extent as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner,
30、that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes in the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards
31、 which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does w
32、ork offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still one of the most cruel and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the fru
33、strations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and hi, mane society. The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and all
34、ow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a gr
35、owing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who make the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority has little control over their
36、 work； it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of
37、their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership. 26 In the writers opinion, people judge others by _. （ A） the type of work they do （ B） the place where they work （ C） the time they spend at work （ D） the amount of mo
38、ney they earn 27 According to the writer, in the future work will _. （ A） matter less than it does now （ B） be as important as it is now （ C） be better paid than it is now （ D） offer more satisfaction than it does now 28 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems? （ A） A r
39、eduction in the number of strikes. （ B） Equality in salaries. （ C） A more equal distribution of responsibility. （ D） An improvement in moral standards. 29 What advantages does the writer say managers have over other workers? （ A） They wont lose their jobs. （ B） They get time off to attend courses. （
40、 C） They can work at whatever interests them. （ D） They can make their own decisions. 30 Working conditions generally remain bad because _. （ A） the workers are quite satisfied with them （ B） no one can decide what to do about them （ C） managers see no need to change them （ D） office workers want to
41、 protect their position 30 In the United States, there is some disagreement (to say the least) over the risks and benefits .of nuclear power. There can be no question that with our electrical power needs increasing rapidly, we cannot rely indefinitely on the earths remaining fossil fuel supply. The
42、question is, can we safely shift our reliance to nuclear fission power plantsconsidering the present state of our knowledge and technology? The American public has, in the past few years, developed a rather strong consensus regarding this question. Nuclear power has fallen into disfavor. The risks s
43、eem too great, the reward too smallat least for the immediate future. It is not likely that an explosion of the type produced by atomic bombs can occur in the kinds of nuclear reactors being used today. However, we still dont know how close we came to a major tragedy at Three Mile Island. A far grea
44、ter tragedy occurred at a nuclear plant at Chernobyl, in the Soviet Unions Ukraine in 1986. The risks associated with nuclear power, however, are not always so spectacular. Some are of a far subtler nature. For example, radioactivity could be released into the environment from activities related to
45、mining and processing nuclear fuel, from the transportation and recycling of the fuel and from storage of the radioactive wastes. We frequently hear of steam or gas leaks from the reactors themselves. ;And even the safest reactors normally leak small amounts of radiation into their immediate environ
46、ment. (The problem with this is that there are no “safe“ levels of radioactivity-only “acceptable“ levels. ) We could probably greatly reduce the risks associated with nuclear power by simply exercising more care and common sense. There are numerous published accounts that attest to our carelessness
47、, however. For example, it has been revealed that the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant in California was built on an earthquake fault line. At the WNP-2 plant in Washington State, the concrete contained air bubbles and pockets of water as well as shields that had been incorrectly welded. In 1981, t
48、he Nuclear Regulatory Commission inspected forty-three plants that were under construction and rated seven “below average“ and thirty-six “average“. None were rated even “above average“. Completely apart from the possibility of accidents, there is the unsolved problem of what to do with the radioact
49、ive wastes generated in the course of normal nuclear plant reactions. The problem is a tough one since such wastes can only be rendered safe by the passage of time. The waste radioactivity is .generated in the fuel system of the reactors because only a part of the fuel is fissionable and, for technical reasons, not all of the fissionable elements are spent. Much of the spent fuel materials removed from the reactor can be reused. However, some of the radioactive
