1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 32及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Did Chinese sailors really discover America before Columbus? A new exhibition sets the scene, presenting n
3、ew【 1】 _. that lends support to the assumptions made in“1421: The Year China 【 1】 _ Discovered America“by Gavin Menzies. “1421: The Year China Sailed the World, “is primarily a celebration of【 2】 _Zheng 【 2】 _ Hes seven maritime expeditions between 1405 and 142【 3】 With a fleet of 317 ships and 28,
4、000men, Zheng He is generally acknowledged as one of the great naval explorers, but how far he actually went remains a matter of dispute. The exhibition starts in Hunnan【 China】 in 1382, with a【 3】 _space giving some back- 【 3】 _ ground on Zheng Hes youth. When he grew up, he became a scholar and a
5、trusted adviser to the emperor, Zhu DJ, who sent him on a mission to“proceed all the way to the ends of the earth to collect tribute from the【 4】 _beyond the seas. “ 【 4】 _ Later, China began a policy of isolationism that would last hundreds of years. The large ships were left to rot at their moorin
6、gs, and most of the records of the great journeys were destroyed. Along with examples of spices and other goods that the fleet would have brought back to China, the visitors can find ancient【 5】 _like unusual animal-shaped money from Malacca made of tin. 【 5】 _ Arguing that the Chinese had reached A
7、merica 70 years before Columbus, Menziess book caused a【 6】 _when it was published in 200【 2】 【 6】 _ “None of the great European explorers actually discovered anything new. The whole world was 【 7】 _before they set sail. So somebody before them had done it, and that was the basis of the book, “ 【 7】
8、 _ Since then, the Web site he created to centralize evidence to【 8】 _his book has received 【 8】 _ more than 100, 000 e-mails from people across the globe coming forward with“massive evidence“ 【 9】 _his claims. 【 9】 _ Menzies now believes that Zheng He was not the first to sail to America. “One of t
9、he mistakes I made in my book was to say that Zheng He did everything. He had a【 10】 _Most of the world 【 10】 _ had already been mapped by Kublai Khans fleet, “ he said. The exhibition shows copies of Kublai Khans maps, recently found at the U. S. Library of Congress by an academic. The documents cl
10、early show North America. Menzies believes the maps are from the late 13th century. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
11、Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Nick, what is the most dangerous notion in the world? （ A） Predominance （ B） Local characteristics and cus
12、toms （ C） Individual identity （ D） Potential dividing forces 12 Which description is not true about Nick Ularu? （ A） He has Romanian origin （ B） He is a teacher and a set designer in the same time （ C） He had a cultural resonance when he first came to the USA （ D） He couldnt understand why Americans
13、 invest so much on entertainment industry but not on art 13 What is Nicks opinions about teaching? （ A） He thinks that teaching doesnt help the artistic side （ B） He believes that teaching keeps him energetic （ C） Teaching shouldnt be totally isolated from politics （ D） Teaching frustrates him so ma
14、ny times 14 What is Nicks philosophy of teaching? （ A） The students must be the followers of their teacher （ B） He should work hard to make students believe in their own abilities （ C） Pleasing students is the most necessary factor （ D） Teacher should have a decisive effect on the personalities of s
15、tudents 15 Which one is Nicks idea about the leader? （ A） Everyone has the access to leadership （ B） Leaders create the worst work situation （ C） Books can help to improve people ability and make someone a leader （ D） The real leaders are born SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you
16、 will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 However, they dont envision obtaining soil samples from Mars until_to try to ascertain whether there is water on the mos
17、t Earth-like planet in our solar system and, possibly, life. （ A） 2001 （ B） 2007 （ C） 2011 （ D） 2017 17 According to the news, in 2007 _. （ A） the first leg of the new programme is to come （ B） two robots will be sent to explore the surface of Earths neighbour （ C） the Satellite Mars Reconnaissance
18、Orbiter will circle the Red Planet while outfitted with a supercamera, capable of photographing objects the size of a football （ D） SA plans to deploy a“Smart Lander“ 18 What is the feature of TATP? （ A） It is an simple explosive （ B） It is a military explosive （ C） It is made in U. S factories （ D）
19、 It can be easily made indoors 19 Richard Reid tried to bomb a plane with the bomb_. （ A） provided by terrorists （ B） stolen from the military （ C） made according to the methods shown in Internet （ D） made in his lab 20 TATP can be detonated by_. （ A） clapping ones hand （ B） throwing it on the floor
20、 （ C） putting foot on it （ D） touching it 20 Almost a century after his death, the well-known French author Jules Verne has once again managed to fire the imagination of people around the world, this time with an unpublished novel, Paris in the 20th Century. The manuscript, completed in 1863 but lon
21、g locked away in a safe, was uncovered only in 1989 by Verne s great-grandson, and it ap- peared in English translation just a few months ago. This 19th-century vision of the future describes llfe among skyscrap- ers of glass and steel, high-speed trains, gas-powered automobiles, calculators, fax ma
22、chines and a global communica- tions network. The prescience of these forecasts matches what one would have expected from the author who introduced countless readers of his age to a host of technological marvels, from submarines to helicopters and spacecraft. But in fact, Paris in the 20th Century i
23、s a tragedy. It describes the life of an idealistic young man who struggles to find happiness in the fiercely materialistic dystopia that Paris has become by 1920. Like George Orwells 1984, Vernes novel is a grim and troubling Comment on the human costs of technological progress. That such a message
24、 should come from Jules Verne proves surprising to many. Most people particularly in America assume that Verne wrote about the wonders of technology because he was himself an optimistic scientist. Many also believe Verne wrote primarily for children, crafting novels that were invariably exciting but
25、 intellectually shallow. These misconceptions show how Vernes current status has completely shadowed the reality of his life and writings. They are part of the continuing misunderstanding of this author, a result of some severely abridged translations and simplified adaptations for Hollywood cinema.
26、 In truth, Verne was neither a scientist nor an engineer: he was simply a writer and a very prolific one. Over his lifetime, Verne produced more than 2 novels. Yet his works were carefully grounded in fact, and his books inspired many leading scientists, engineers, inventors and explorers, including
27、 William Beebe (the creator and pilot of the first bathy- sphere), Admiral Richard Byrd (a pioneer explorer of Antarctica), Yuri Gagarin (the first human to fly in space) and Neil Armstrong (the first astronaut to walk on the moon). Vernes novels were thus profoundly influential, and perhaps uniquel
28、y SO. Although novels with scientific foundation had been written before, Verne raised the technique of scientific descrip- tion to a fine art. And this type of science fiction, based on accurate descriptions of science and technology, has tended to dominate the trend ever since. But Vernes devotion
29、 to technical detail does not reflect an confidence in the virtues of science. Indeed, his earliest writings a mixture of plays, essays and short stories were distinctly critical of science and technology. It was only the strict monitor of his publisher, Pierre-Jules Hetzel, that steered Verne towar
30、d what eventually made him famous: fast-paced adventure tales heavily flavored with scientific lessons and an optimistic ideology. And although his own attitude was quite different, Verne offered little resistance to Hetzel. After the release of his initial book in 1863, the first in a series of nov
31、els published under the banner “Extraordinary Voyages: Voyages in Known and Unknown Worlds, “ Verne explained to his friends at the Paris stock market (where he had been working part-time to make ends meet) about his accomplishment. “My friends, . . . . Ive just written a novel in a new style. . . I
32、f it succeeds, it will be a gold mine. “ He was right. Under Hetzels continual guidance, Verne created one novel after another, each fundamentally of this same type. But most of the works published after Hetzels death in 1886 show Verne returning to his original themes championing environmentalism,
33、anticapitalism and social responsibility while questioning the benefits that science and technology could bring to an imperfect world. To understand how Vernes later writings could differ so completely from popular image of him requires a closer understanding of the man and his times. 21 How does th
34、e author think about “Paris in the 20th Century“? （ A） He thinks it is a comedy. （ B） This 19th-century vision of the future describes life among skyscrapers of glass and steel, high-speed trains, gas- powered automobiles, calculators, fax machines and a global communications network. （ C） It descri
35、bes the life of an unidealistic young man who struggles to find happiness in the fiercely materialistic dystopia that Paris has become by 1920. （ D） He thinks the Jules Verne has once again managed to fire the imagination of people around the world and it is a grim and troubling comment on the human
36、 costs of technological progress. 22 In the sentence “In truth, Verne was neither a scientist nor an engineer: he was simply a writer and a very prolific one. “, the word “prolific“ probably means _. （ A） primitive （ B） diligent （ C） rich （ D） fruitful 23 Through what kind of novels, did Verne make
37、himself success? （ A） Fast-paced adyenture tales heavily flavored with scientific lessons and an optimistic ideology. （ B） To mix futuristic narratives with detailed, plausible descriptions of new technology. （ C） Through novels such as Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864; translated 1874) and
38、around the World in 80 Days (1873; translated 1874) （ D） Bright, entertaining adventure stories that celebrated the possibilities of technology. 24 According to the passage, how does the author think about Jules Verne? （ A） A stranger. （ B） A scientist whose job was to discover the future and cast n
39、ew technology in a darker light. （ C） From the start, the father of science fiction was gravely concerned with the dangers of technology. （ D） He was either a scientist or an engineer. 24 The release last week of a government-sponsored survey, the most comprehensive to date, suggests that more than
40、half of Americans will develop a mental disorder in their lives. The study was the third, beginning in 1984, to suggest a significant increase in mental illness since the middle of the 20th century, when estimates of lifetime prevalence ranged closer 20 or 30 percent. But what does it mean when more
41、 than half of a society may suffer “mental illness“? Is it an indictment of modem life or a sign of greater willingness to deal openly with a once-taboo subject? Or is it another example of the American mania to give every problem a name, a set of symptoms and a treatment-a trend, medical historians
42、 say, accentuated by drug marketing to doctors and patients? Changes in societies over time, and differences across cultures, make it extremely difficult to compare prevalence levels of mental illness, even today. Levels of depression in China were thought to be very low, for example, until the Harv
43、ard anthropologist Dr. Arthur Kleinman found in the 1980s that many Chinese did not think or talk about mood disorders the way Westerners do. They came to doctors or healers with physical complaints-dizziness, headaches and other pains that were treated as such, though in many cases they could be di
44、agnosed as depression. A World Health Organization survey published in 2004 found that 2. 5 percent of Chinese reported a mood disorder in the last year, compared with a rate of 9. 6 percent in the United States. In Japan, too, reported levels of depression tend to be low-just over 3 percent reporte
45、d a mood disorder in the last year, in the W. H. O. survey-in part because of a culture of stoicism, said Dr. Laurence Kirmayer, director of social and transcultural psychiatry at McGill University in Montreal. Depression, after all, is not one symptom but many, and in Japan there is strong cultural
46、 taboo against repeated, vague complaints. In addition, said Dr. Margaret Lock, a professor of social studies in medicine at McGill, Japanese doctors tend to be attentive to mens complaints of mood problems, and dismissive of womens. The result: depression rates are higher in men than in women, the
47、reverse of the United States and much of Europe. But more than anything, historians and medical anthropologists said, the rise in the incidence of mental illness in America over recent decades reflects cultural and political shifts. “People have not changed biologically in the past 100 years, “ Dr.
48、Kirmayer said, “but the culture, our understanding of mental illness“ has changed. 25 The low levels of depression in China show that_. （ A） Chinese people are happier than western people （ B） Chinese do not think in such way as the westerners do. （ C） Chinese are more conservative concerning depression. （ D） Chinese pay more attention to physical illness 26 What is the conclusion drawn by the anthropologists concerning the increased cases of mental illness? （ A） Western people are more open where mental illness is concerned. （ B） That is t
