1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 335及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Humanities Disciplines In many peoples eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out. However, ac
3、tually, students continue to enroll in humanities courses and lots of scholarship is still published. The humanities disciplines feel dislocated, because they appear to have lost their 【 1】 _. 【 1】_ And the most important one is exactly what those roots were. The history of higher education in the U
4、nited States since 【 2】 _ can 【 2】_ be divided into 2 periods. . The first period (19451975): A period of 【 3】 _and known in the literature on American 【 3】_ education as the Golden Age, during which the composition of the higher education system changed not too much, but the size of the system 【 4】
5、 _ dramatically. 【 4】 _ This expansion includes three factors: 1)The baby boom: a period of record 【 5】 _that followed a period of 【 5】_ record low blah ratesthe 【 6】 _and the Second World War; 【 6】_ 2)The relatively high domestic economic growth rate after 【 7】 _; 【 7】_ 3)The Cold War: American uni
6、versity had been drawn into the business of government-related 【 8】 _research during the Second World War. 【 8】_ IL The second period (1975present) A period of 【 9】 _, during which the size of the system has grown at a much【 9】 _ more 【 10】 _pace, and the composition has changed dramatically. 【 10】
7、_ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will b
8、e given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the conversation what is Dr. Gus purpose? （ A） To have a talk with exhibitor. （ B） To purchase a lab. （ C） To discuss the possibility of negotiation with the Universal Computers Ltd. （ D）
9、To inquire more information about the scientific apparatus. 12 They have been concerned with the following terms EXCEPT _. （ A） millions of instructions per second （ B） discount （ C） remote connection （ D） management committee 13 From the conversation we know if we buy more products from the Univers
10、al Computers Ltd., （ A） we can earn more money （ B） we can benefit more （ C） they will give us more service （ D） they will move their main building to China 14 When can exhibitor expect to get an answer? （ A） Within a month or two. （ B） By Tuesday. （ C） Very soon. （ D） Immediately. 15 From the conve
11、rsation we can deduce that _. （ A） they have a good beginning of trading （ B） they are eager to know each other （ C） they want to shake hands in Beijing （ D） they hate the barriers between them SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully
12、and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the speakers attitude towards the celebrating party? （ A） Discriminative. （ B） Condemnatory. （ C） Unappreciative. （ D） Appreciative. 17 What is the stylistic feat
13、ure of the articles in Readers Digest? （ A） Brevity. （ B） Originality. （ C） Seriousness. （ D） Simplicity. 18 At a recent summit in Washington, Mr. Juncker points out that （ A） the EU is in a state of deep crisis. （ B） the EU crisis may lead to EUs collapse. （ C） the crisis is not serious enough to m
14、ake EU collapse. （ D） the first casualty of Europes latest crisis is EUs further expansion. 19 Indias textile and garment exports to the US between January and May rose by （ A） 4%. （ B） 11%. （ C） 20 %. （ D） four times. 20 According to Mr. Hinduja has to _ to remain competitive. （ A） invest more mone
15、y in the industry （ B） develop better technology （ C） offset China （ D） build more factories 20 Long before “crossover“ and “eclectic“ became part of the journalistic vernacular, Dinah Washington defied categorization and embraced any and every type of song. Her delivery was instantly identifiable,
16、and she prided herself on crystal-clear diction, precise pitch and spontaneity. Washington made brilliant recordings, beginning with her days as a pianist accompanying gospel pioneer Sallie Martin, through swing and R now it has little. Unexpected supply interruptions (sabotage in Iraq, civil war in
17、 Nigeria) boost prices. Verleger says prices could go to 60 next year or even 80 if adverse supply conditions persist. No one really knows. Analyst Adam Sieminski of Deutsche Bank thinks prices may retreat to the low 30s in 2005. A slowing Chinese economy could weaken demand. But the uncertainties c
18、annot obscure two stubborn realities. First, world oil production cant rise forever; dwindling reserves will someday cause declines. And, second, barring miraculous discoveries, more will come from unstable regionsespecially the Middle East. We need to face these realities; neither George Bush nor J
19、ohn Kerry does. Their energy plans are rival fantasies. Kerry pledges to make us “independent“ of Middle East oil, mainly through conservation and an emphasis on “renewable“ fuels (biomass, solar, wind). Richard Nixon was the first president to promise energy “independence“. It couldnt happen then a
20、nd cant now. The United States imports about 60 percent of its oil. A fifth of imports come from the Persian Gulf. Even if we eliminated Persian Gulf imports, wed still be vulnerable. Oil scarcities and prices are transmitted worldwide. The global economyon which we dependremains hugely in need of P
21、ersian Gulf oil. Bushes pitch is that we can produce our way out of trouble. No such luck. Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, with possible reserves of 10 billion barrels, might provide 1 million barrels a day, or 5 percent of present U.S. demand. Fine. But the practical effect would b
22、e to offset some drop in production elsewhere. American oil output peaked in 1970; its down 34 percent since then. A groundbreaking study from the consulting company PFC Energy illuminates our predicament. The world now uses 82 million barrels of oil a day; thats 30 billion barrels a year. To estima
23、te future production, the study examined historical production and discovery patterns in all the worlds oil fields. The conclusion: The world already uses about 12 billion more barrels a year than it finds. “In almost every mature oil basin, the world has been producing more than its finding for clo
24、se to 20 years,“ says PFCs Mike Rodgers. That cant continue indefinitely. The study is no doomsday exercise. Rodgers says that future discovery and recovery rates could be betteror worse than assumed. With present rates, he expects global oil supply to peak before 2020 at about 100 million barrels a
25、 day. Whatever happens, the world will probably depend more on two shaky regions., the Persian Gulf and the former Soviet Union. The Gulf now supplies a quarter of the worlds oil; PFC projects that to rise to a third in a decade. Although the future is hazy, what we ought to do isnt. We need to damp
26、en oil use, expand production and if oil prices recedesignificantly increase the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. These steps cant end our vulnerability to global price surges or the effects of a catastrophic loss of oil supplies from, say, war or terrorism. But they can reduce it. Most important, Ameri
27、cans should curb gasoline use. The Energy Information Administration reports the following: Gasoline represents about 45 percent of U. S. oil demand; since 1991 the explosion of SUVs and light trucks has meant no gains in average fuel mileage efficiency; and over the same period, typical drivers tra
28、vel almost 1,000 miles more annually. We should be promoting fuel-efficient vehicles, particularly “hybrids“. Combining gasoline and electric power, they get 20 percent to 40 percent better mileage than conventional vehicles, says David Greene of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. They also cost fro
29、m 3,000 to 4,000 more than conventional cars, he says, mainly because they have two power sources. But Greene plausibly asserts that if production expanded, the cost gap would shrink. The way to expand demand would be to adopt a gasoline tax of 1 to 2 a gallon. Americans would know that fuel prices
30、would stay high. Theyd have reason to economize. Of course, a fuel tax is a political showstopper. It isnt in Bushs or Kerrys plan. They promote hydrogen-powered cars. These sound great butgiven the technical obstacles wont become widespread for many years, if ever. This captures our choice: taking
31、modestly unpleasant preventive steps; or running greater future risks by clinging to our fantasies. History favors our fantasies. 32 The writer of the passage is critical of _energy plans. （ A） George Bush s （ B） john Kerrys （ C） neither George Bushs nor John Kerrys （ D） both George Bushs and John K
32、errys 33 It can be inferred from the passage that _. （ A） futures contractors have made profits out of price surges （ B） Americans havent learned to think realistically about oil （ C） greedy oil companies have conspired to raise oil prices （ D） hydrogen-powered cars would have better mileage 34 This
33、 passage is most probably written by someone who works for a _. （ A） newspaper （ B） consulting firm （ C） research institute （ D） government agency 35 According to the passage, preventive steps mentioned in the last paragraph may include all the following EXCEPT _. （ A） restraining and limiting gasol
34、ine use （ B） promoting fuel-efficient vehicles （ C） becoming independent of Middle East oil （ D） increasing the Strategic Petroleum Reserve 36 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Nobody knows for sure whether oil prices will go up or down in the future. （ B）
35、 Chinas increasing demand led OPEC to miscalculate production capacity. （ C） There has been little gains in average fuel mileage efficiency. （ D） The world will depend more on the Persian Gulf in the future. 36 The Department of Homeland Security has filled the nations top cyber-security post after
36、the previous chief abruptly resigned last week in a move that raised questions about the Bush administrations commitment to protecting U. S. computer networks from electronic threats. Andy Purdy, who served as deputy cyber-security director under former National Cyber Security Division head and secu
37、rity industry entrepreneur Amit Yoran, will act as interim director, according to an email written by Robert P. Liscouski, the departments head of infrastructure protection. Purdy has been a member of the cyber-security division since it was set up in 2003, and was the vice chairman and senior advis
38、er on information technology issues for the Presidents Critical Infrastructure Protection Board. Purdy declined an interview request. Homeland Security spokeswoman Michelle Petrovich said that “Cyber- security will continue to be a priority of the Department of Homeland Security and we plan to move
39、quickly to fill the position with someone who has demonstrated leadership in this important field. “ Purdy moves into his new role at a time when many cyber-security authorities say the Bush administration has come up short in its commitment to protecting the nation from computer viruses and other e
40、lectronic attacks. Industry officials and security experts said he is a good fit for the job, but that the position needs more authority in order to make a difference. “Weve worked with Andy for a number of years Hes a very smart guy and very talented,“ said Harris Miller, president of the Informati
41、on Technology Association of America, an Arlington, Va. -based lobbying firm. Nevertheless, Miller said, the job “needs to be elevated“. “Andy is a terribly nice guy and will obviously try to do the best thing, but without authority and without the ability to reach up into the department and to reac
42、h out among other federal agencies as a more senior person, its going to be difficult for him to do the job,“ said Paul Kurtz, executive director of the Cyber Security Industry Alliance and a former White House computer-security official. This is a problem that industry executives and former governm
43、ent officials said contributed to Yorans decision to resign last week. Yoran became director of the cyber- security division in September 2003 after the previous White House adviser, Howard A. Schmidt, resigned in April to become the head of security at online auction company eBay Inc. Schmidt succe
44、eded Richard A. Clarke, who had stepped down three months earlier, warning that the administration needed to take online security more seriously. Yoran, who declined to comment for this story, was in charge of implementing the recommendations in the administrations national cyber-security plan, a do
45、cument that received criticism from a variety of sources for failing to require the business community to strengthen its online security. He also oversaw the creation of the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team, which coordinates efforts to fight online network attacks. Nevertheless, the problem w
46、ith the position is that it is too far down the chain of command from Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, said Rep. Mac Thornberry who sponsored a House bill to revamp the nation s intelligence structure and elevate the cyber-security position. 37 According to the passage, the National Cyber Secu
47、rity Division will be under the leadership of _. （ A） the Cyber Security Industry Alliance （ B） the Department of Homeland Security （ C） the Information Technology Association （ D） the Critical Infrastructure Protection Board 38 Andy Purdy will directly answer to _. （ A） Tom Ridge （ B） Michellq Petr
48、ovich （ C） Paul Kurtz （ D） Robert Liscouski 39 Amit Yorans resignation may be accounted for mainly by the fact that _. （ A） he failed to protect US computer networks from electronic threats （ B） he criticized the Bush administrations national cyber-security plan （ C） his position as director of the cyber-security division lacked authority （ D） his co-status as security industry entrepreneur undermined his authority 40 It can be inferred from the passage that _. （ A） Andy Purdys position should be elevated if he is to do a good job （ B） Amit Yoran and Andy Purdy could not
