1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 346及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Borrowing Books 1. To make sure that the book is【 1】 . 【 1】 _ 2. To find out where the book isconsult the
3、 catalogues cards arranged in alphabetical order: 1) in the centerthe authors name (【 2】 comes first) 【 2】 _ 2) the top left hand cornerthe books number the class number (【 3】 areas) 【 3】 _ the author number (exact book shelf) 3) the lower middle partthe title of the book, the edition 4) the bottomt
4、he collation details (【 4】 and maps) 【 4】 _ 3.【 5】 the borrowing slip. 【 5】 _ . Consulting Reference Materials Three types of materials: 1. reference books e.g. dictionaries bibliographieslisting all the【 6】 on a particular subject 【 6】 _ encyclopediasan/a【 7】 of a topic (clear, brief, authoritative
5、)【 7】 _ 2. valuable books e.g. old edition, a single copy, out-of print books 3. professional【 8】 or periodicals 【 8】 _ . General Study Three reasons: 1.【 9】 working environment (spacious, well-lit, heated, free of charge) 【 9】 _ 2. access to reference books and possibility of discussing with other
6、students 3. a chance to make【 10】 with others 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on
7、an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Who was pregnant with three triplet boys after giving birth to twin girls? （ A） Matt and Christine. （ B） Edward and Christine. （ C） Matt and Mary. （
8、D） John and Christine. 12 What is the proportion of giving birth to a triplet? （ A） 1 in 1,500,000. （ B） 1 in 15,000,000. （ C） 1 in 150,000,000. （ D） 1 in 1,500,000,000. 13 What are the names of the twin girls? （ A） Alexander and Malia. （ B） Winston and Helly. （ C） Alexander and Helly. （ D） Alexande
9、r and Jones. 14 How old are the triplet boys now? （ A） They are six months old. （ B） They are two weeks old. （ C） They are six weeks old. （ D） They are eight weeks old. 15 How much did the triplet boys weigh when they were born? （ A） They were about 2.5 pounds. （ B） They were about 3.2 pounds. （ C）
10、They were about 3 pounds. （ D） They were about 3.5 pounds. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The s
11、hootings unfolded in the morning over 2 hours in _. （ A） 1 location （ B） 2 separate locations （ C） 3 separate locations （ D） 4 separate locations 17 According to the news, when did Americas first encounter with a campus massacre occur? （ A） In 1956. （ B） In 1966. （ C） In 1999. （ D） In 2006. 18 Gates
12、 suggested an increase of 10% yearly in U.S. funding for research for _. （ A） the next 5 years （ B） the next 7 years （ C） the next 11 years （ D） the next 17 years 19 Why are 14 teams of experts from the Federal Emergency Management Agency evaluating the damage? （ A） To find out the lost people and a
13、nimals. （ B） To criticize the authoritys poor response. （ C） To assess the federal assistance needed. （ D） To make clear the investment in agriculture. 20 Hurricane Katrina in August of 2005 killed more than 1,800 people _. （ A） in Georgia （ B） in New York （ C） along the Nile （ D） along the Gulf Coa
14、st 20 Scientists have long believed that constructing memories is like playing with neurological toys. Exposed to a barrage of sensations from the outside world, we connect together brain cells to form new patterns of electrical connections that stand for images, smells, touches and sounds. The most
15、 unshakable part of this belief is that the neurons used to build these memory circuits are depletable resource, like petroleum or gold. We are each given a finite number of cells, and the supply gets smaller each year. That is certainly how it feels as memories blur with middle age and it gets hard
16、er and harder to learn new things. Maybe its time for this notion to be forgotten-or at least radically revised. In the past two years, a series of confusing experiments has forced scientific researchers to rethink this and other assumptions about how memory works. The perplexing results of these ex
17、periments remind scientists how much they have to learn about one of the last great mysteries-how the brain keeps a record of our individual passage through life, allowing us to carry the past inside our head. This much seems clear: the traces of memory-or engrams as neuroscientists call them-are fi
18、rst forged deep inside the brain in an area called the hippocampus. This area stores the engrams temporarily until they are transferred somehow (perhaps during sleep) to permanent storage sites throughout the cerebral cortex. This area, located behind the forehead, is often described as the center o
19、f intelligence and perception. Here, as in the hippocampus, the information is thought to reside in the form of neurological scribbles, clusters of connected cells. Until now our old view of brain functionality has been that these patterns ate constructed from the supply of neurons that have been in
20、 place since birth. New memories dont require new neurons-just new ways of connecting the old ones together. Retrieving a memory is a matter of activating one of these circuits, coaxing the original stimulus back to life. The picture appears very sensible. The billions of neurons in a single brain c
21、an be arranged in countless combinations, providing more than enough clusters to record even the richest life. If adult brains were cranking out new neurons as easily ad skin and bone from new cells, it would serve only to scramble memorys delicate ornamental pattern. Studies with adult monkeys in t
22、he mid-1960s seemed to support the belief that the supply of neurons is fixed at birth. Therefore the surprise when Elizabeth Gould and Charles Gross of Princeton University reported last year that the monkeys they studied seemed to be producing thousands of new neurons a day in the hippocampus of t
23、heir brain. Even more surprising, Gould and Gross found evidence that a steady stream of the fresh cells may be continually moving to the cerebral cortex. No one is quite sure what to make of these findings. There had already been hints that spawning of brain cells, a process called neurogenesis, oc
24、curs in animals with more primitive nervous systems. For years, Fernando Nottebohm of Rockefeller University has been showing that canaries create a new batch of neurons every time they learn a song, then slough them off when its time to change tunes. But it was widely assumed that in mammals and es
25、pecially primates this manufacture of new brain parts had long ago been phased out by evolution. With a greater need to store memories for a long time, these creatures would need to ensure that the engrams werent disrupted by interloping new cells. 21 Which of the following is true according to the
26、old view of memory? （ A） The neurons used to build the memory are a depletable resource. （ B） The reason of memory loss as one grows older is that the neurons are worn out with the increase of age. （ C） New memories do not need the supply of new neurons in the brain. （ D） All of above. 22 How does t
27、he brain function according to the old view? （ A） The traces of memory are made in an area called hippocampus. （ B） The hippocampus stores long-term memory. （ C） The hippocampus is located behind the forehead. （ D） The information is stored in only the hippocampus, not in cerebral cortex. 23 We used
28、 to think that the neurons_. （ A） need to be constructed in new patterns to store the new information （ B） can be arranged to forge countless new cells to record information （ C） can be produced easily as skin and bone grow new cells （ D） all of above 24 What did the experiments of Gould and Gross a
29、nd Fernando show according to the passage? （ A） The old notion of memory is wrong. （ B） The results of these experiments support the old view of neurons. （ C） Animals have lost the ability to manufacture new brain parts. （ D） The new brain cells will disrupt engrams. 25 What is the right meaning of
30、the phrase “phase out“ in Para.9? （ A） Interlope. （ B） Stop. （ C） Improve. （ D） Arrange. 25 Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the
31、rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years time a re
32、vised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.
33、When Dr Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. (Well, she had written to “other quality newspapers“ too.) As soon as her committee had whittle
34、d the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didnt file copy on time; some who did send too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr Nieholls. There remains the dinner-party game of whos in, whos out. That is a game that the reviewers have play
35、ed and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the
36、murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Christies entry in Missing Persons)notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the f
37、irst murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America). It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is alway
38、s known. Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: “Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility.“ Then there had to be more wome
39、n, too (12 per cent, against the original DBNs 3), such as Roy Strongs subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: “Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory.“ Doesnt seem to qualify her
40、 as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J.W.Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, “except for the entry in the
41、 List of Contributors there is no trace of J.W. Clerke“ 26 The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume _. （ A） because it is not worth the price （ B） because it has fewer entries than before （ C） unless one has all the volumes in his collection （ D） unless an expanded DNB
42、will come out shortly 27 On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that _. （ A） the editors had clear rules to follow （ B） there were too many criminals in the entries （ C） the editors clearly favoured benefactors （ D） the editors were irrational in their choices
43、 28 Crippen was absent from the DNB _. （ A） because he escaped to the U.S. （ B） because death sentence had been abolished （ C） for reasons not clarified （ D） because of the editors mistake 29 The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to _. （ A） illustrate some features of the DNB （ B） gi
44、ve emphasis to his argument （ C） impress the reader with its content （ D） highlight the people in the Middle Ages 30 Throughout the passage, the writers tone towards the DNB was _. （ A） complimentary （ B） supportive （ C） sarcastic （ D） bitter 30 If you traveled on one of the nations Interstates in t
45、hese last few days before Memorial Day, you might have encountered an unusual sight; bikers by the dozens stretched half a mile down the highway, their motorcycles flying military banners and spewing exhaust. They are an intimidating bunch. Sheathed in leather from the neck down, they look like phys
46、ical extensions of their bikes. But these riders are no motley crew. They are members of Rolling Thunder, a nationwide network of veterans and their supporters. Their destination: the Rolling Thunder Memorial Day rally on the National Mall in Washington. Rolling Thunder, which has thousands of membe
47、rs, was founded in 1987 when some Vietnam veterans and advocates for P. O. W. s and M. I. A. s befriended one another on the mall. They were looking for a special way to promote their cause. Ray Manzo of Hoboken, N. J. , now a former marine, suggested motorcycles. The idea grabbed them. Masses of bi
48、kes descending on Washington would literally sound like Rolling Thunder, the code name for the bombing campaign over North Vietnam. In its first year, the Memorial Day rally drew 2,500 bikers. Now, nearly two decades later, hundreds of thousands of bikes join in. “When you put 200,000 bikes together
49、,“ said Michael DePaulo, a Vietnam veteran from Berkley, Mass. who helps organize and run the rally, “it sounds like a B-52 strike.“ One rider is Steve Britton, a former marine from Dillon, Colo. With his leather vest, cowboy boots and grizzled mutton chops, he resembles a sheriff in a western county. And like many of his comrades, Mr. Britton is very much a modern cowboy. “I love the freedom and the ai
