1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 371及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Theories of History . How much we know about history? A. Written records exist for only a fraction of man
3、s time B. The accuracy of these records is often【 1】 , and details in them often needs improvement. . Reconstruction of history before writingA. being difficult because of the【 2】 of history to usB. the most that we can do is: use【 3】 and the knowledge of the habits of animals. . Theories about hist
4、oryA. Objective: to【 4】 the beginning and deduce the end of mans story. B. One theory believes that man continually【 5】 【 6】 must be more intelligent and civilized than his ancestors. Human race will evolve into a race of【 7】 C. The second theory holds the mans history is like a【 8】 of development.
5、Modern man is not the most superior. Modem man may be inferior to members of【 9】 D. The third theory: Human societies repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is【 10】 in the long historical perspectiy. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen c
6、arefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Ellen, the increasing demand for hiring is due to （ A）
7、 good economic environment. （ B） good majors in colleges. （ C） the new policy on economy. （ D） expansion of some large corporations. 12 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Accounting, and finance graduates are easier to feud a job. （ B） Srarting salary for engineering students are h
8、igher now. （ C） Competition among employers remains as fierce as before. （ D） Employers plan to hire more grads this year than last year. 13 Why does Ellen suggest that students should not rely on the Internet? （ A） Because it will reduce the chance Of getting a job. （ B） Because it is full of fraud
9、. （ C） Because it will become the graduates only strategy. （ D） Because it is a waste of time. 14 Which of the following is NOT Ellens advice to graduates? （ A） Asking general questions about companies and requirements. （ B） Being confident to take charge. （ C） Getting familiar with the company befo
10、re you go in there. （ D） Being aware of your interviewing skills. 15 In Ellens opinion, electronic footprint can （ A） help develop the graduates confidence. （ B） bring a positive effect to job hunters. （ C） get the graduates off the coach. （ D） be tracked by prospective employers. SECTION C NEWS BRO
11、ADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Ala Kartar is in fact the town nam
12、ed Markondo in the novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude“. （ B） The government of Ala Kartar has decided to change its name to commemorate Gabriel Gacia Marquez. （ C） Some supernatural events have taken place in the town of Ala Kartar. （ D） Macondo is located in a banana growing area in the novel. 17
13、 It is_that took the initiative in the merger? （ A） Arcelor （ B） Mittal Steel （ C） Luxemburg （ D） WTO 18 Katharine Jefferts Schori called on the people to concentrate on_. （ A） inequity （ B） woman election （ C） religious problems （ D） gay problems 19 Which of the following information about Warren B
14、uffett is correct? （ A） He has been giving 1. 5 billion dollars to charity each year. （ B） He will give presents to a foundation in commemoration of his late wife every year. （ C） He has talked about his plan with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. （ D） His children will succeed him as the chief exe
15、cutive of the Berkshire Hathaway Corporation. 20 The Gates Fundation has set aside millions of dollars to develop educational technology （ A） in developing countries （ B） in developed countries （ C） in the United States （ D） in North America 20 With the constructor of the railways in the 19th centur
16、y, a new sociological phenomenon was born: the traveling criminal. Until then, police had relied on local communities to recognize a bad apple in their midst, but now the felons were on the move, wreaking havoc in communities which had no knowledge of their past and hence no reason to be wary. For l
17、aw enforcers trying to contain the problem by sharing descriptions of known recidivists, it became imperative to answer one question, what is it that identifies someone as a particular person? This question has long troubled humanity, of course, and it is explored in all its facets in a new exhibiti
18、on at the Welcome Collection in London. One practical application lies in the forensic arena. The first solution offered, branding, was simple and effective. But even in a society that preferred to believe that criminals were born and not made, this was soon deemed unacceptable. So there was a need
19、to find something innate to human beings that remains constant from the cradle to the grave, and that is sufficiently differentiated in the population to make it useful in identifying individuals. Alphonse Brillion, who appears in one of the identity cards he invented, came up with a system that com
20、bined photography (the profile and face-on photos that police still use today) with a range of bodily measurements. His system was widely taken up until Sir Francis Galeton, a colleague, rival and inveterate classifier, realized the individualizing potential of fingerprints. These held sway for a ce
21、ntury until, in 1984, Sir Alec Jeffreys of Leicester University stumbled on an even more powerful personal barcode: DNA. Embedded in this short history is all the elusiveness of human identity; each new advance reveals the flaws in earlier systems. Go to the website of the New York-based Innocence P
22、roject to see the latest tally of exonerations that have taken place in America, after DNA evidence showed those convictions to be unsafe. At the time of writing, the figure comes to 246. Mistaken eyewitness identification is a major culprit, but fingerprint misidentification is cited too. Ironicall
23、y, our facility for recognizing faces may be to blame. The brain has evolved to look for patterns, and when one is incomplete it will fill in the gaps, sometimes leaping to the wrong conclusion, as Brandon Mayfield, an Oregon lawyer, discovered when he was wrongly implicated in the 2004 Madrid bombi
24、ngs on the basis of a single, poor-quality fingerprint. So what of DNA? Within hours of reaching a crime scene, police may now have information that helps identify suspects. In the courtroom, DNA trumps all other identifiers. But it has its limitations. With ever more minute quantities becoming dete
25、ctable, contamination is a serious issue. The Phantom of Heilbronn murdered her way across Europe until, last March, she was discovered not to exist. The DNA found at each crime scene actually came from a female worker in the factory that manufactured the cotton swabs used to collect evidence. There
26、 is another problem with DNA. When the technology allows for a persons entire genome to be read from a single drop of blood, it may well constitute a gold standard for identification. But for now analysts work with a snapshot of that genome, represented by an arbitrary number of markers spaced along
27、 it. If there are gaps to be filled, the brain will fill them, which could make it vulnerable to the same kind of errors as its predecessors. From the very real traveling criminal, via the Phantom of Heilbronn, the Welcome exhibition returns to the central question. Perhaps identity, like beauty, li
28、es in the eye of the beholder, and if people want to see one and not the other, they need to invent a new way of looking. 21 The first paragraph does NOT claim that （ A） the traveling criminal was born in the 19th century. （ B） police counted on local communities to identify a criminal nowadays. （ C
29、） the criminal can travel freely nowadays. （ D） it is difficult to identify a particular persona 22 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Branding was effective but impractical. （ B） People still can not identify a particular person accurately. （ C） Alphose Bertillon devised a system
30、for identifying criminals. （ D） Fracncis Galton was the first to apply fingerprints. 23 It can be inferred from the passage that the Innocence Project was probably founded （ A） to assist innocent prisoners through DNA testing. （ B） to aid the law enforcers in finding the criminals. （ C） to prevent t
31、he injustice conviction in future. （ D） to verify all of the misidentification. 24 It can be concluded from the passage that （ A） the facility for identifying faces needs improving. （ B） there may be two identical fingerprints. （ C） DNA testing is a gold standard for identification. （ D） DNA testing
32、 might be replaced in the future. 25 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? （ A） Human Identity an Elusive Illusion （ B） How to Identify a Particular Person （ C） What Makes Human Beings Individuals? （ D） The History of Human Identity 25 After decades of exodus, the tide of Iri
33、sh migration took a definitive turn in the late 1980s, when the Irish Diaspora started to come home. Maben Walsh was one of those who returned. The 49-year-old designer decided to move back to Dublin after years living in Arizona. Walsh says living abroad for so long caused her family to return “mor
34、e aware of our background and our Irish ness. So when we came back in 1988 and had children, we wanted them to have our culture. “ And so Walsh, like more and more Irish parents, sends her children to a school where all the lessons are taught in Irish Irelands indigenous Celtic language. Over the pa
35、st decade, gaelscoileanna, as the schools are called, have become one of the fastest-growing sectors in Irish education. And though they still only comprise 5% of Irelands schools, their number has tripled since the early 1990s. The explosion in gaelscoileanna is part of an Irish-language renaissanc
36、e thats been building over the past twenty years. Centuries of colonization left Ireland with a severely depleted population of Irish speakers by the time it gained independence from Britain in 1922. For decades after, the language was ghettoized in remote, rural pockets of the country and weighed d
37、own by associations with poverty or sectarian extremism. Today, between 5 and 10% of the 4. 2 million people living in Ireland speak Irish on a daily basis, and many of those are students who only speak it in school. Maire Nic Ghiolla Phddraig, senior lecturer of sociology at University College Dubl
38、in, witnessed the impact of the rise in gaelscoileanna on her university campus with more and more gaelgfirs, or Irish speakers, arriving each year. “I have seen the change during Freshers week,“ Nick Gila Paradigm says. “Hundreds of Irish speakers join the Cumann Gaeleach Irish club and wearing Gir
39、d don Galilee I Heart Irish stickers. Its no longer regarded as uncoil to speak Irish. “ But the rise of the old tongue has some worried about a potentially new conflict: that the increasing number of gaelscoileanna will pit Irelands constitutional vow to preserve its “native“ language against the o
40、bligation as a modern country to integrate its increasing immigrant population. While Walsh and hundreds of thousands of other Irish were making their way home, other, newer migration paths were being cut from many other countries. Between the late 1980s and. : today, the percentage of foreign-born
41、residents in Ireland grew from around 1% to almost 12%. “People choose gaelscoileanna for all kinds of reasons, but realistically it would rarely be the first choice for newly arrived immigrants,“ says Colette Cavanaugh, a principal at Esker Educate Together School in Lucian, a commuter town outside
42、 of Dublin. That disconnect, says Cavanaugh, could engender a defector segregation in the Irish school system and a potentially unfair distribution of more resources to Irish schools. “ These schools could unintentionally lead to a kind of white flight from English-language education,“ she says. At
43、Cavanaughs English-speaking school, one of the most diverse in the country, 950/00 of the students are children of immigrants. At the nearest Irish-language school, only 5% of the student body is foreign-born. Sociologists say Irelands linguistic renaissance and the nations spike in immigration are
44、both triggered in part by the “Celtic Tiger“ the growth phenomenon that has seen the Irish economy mushroom by over 150% since 1995. Years of EU infrastructural and educational support and a young and cheap labor force made Ireland a fertile ground for foreign investment in the domestic IT sector, a
45、mong other industries, and the result has seen the average annual family income double to $ 93,000 in the past 10 years. Nic Ghiolla Phddraig says this new prosperity brought a sense of pride and self-assurance that prompted a rediscovery in Irelands “cultural assets“ Irish being one of them. As tar
46、gets like these continue to be pursued nationwide, it may, in fact, be the new Ireland that helps this old language grow. Miehal Boleslav Mechura, a 33-year-old resident of Dublin who immigrated from the Czech Republic ten years ago, became fluent in Irish and finds it useful in his own integration
47、process. “People dont realize Im not from here when I speak in Irish,“ Mechura says. “A lot of Irish people who speak Irish speak it as a second language and so we are all on the same footing. I fit in better in Irish. “ 26 According to the passage, which of the following is closest in meaning to Di
48、aspora (Para. 1)? （ A） Immigrant. （ B） Nationality. （ C） Emigrant. （ D） Settler. 27 The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT_to show Irish-language renaissance. （ A） Irelands independence from Britain （ B） the increase of gaelscoileanna （ C） more Irish speakers joining the Cumann Gaeleach （ D
49、） more gaelgeirs in the University College Dublin 28 The Irish-language renaissance may lead to the following problems EXCEPT （ A） the separation in the Irish school system. （ B） the neglect of the government integrating immigrants. （ C） fewer immigrants coming to Ireland. （ D） fewer foreign-born students in Ireland. 29 According to the passage, “Celtic Tiger“ results from the following EXCEPT （ A） the Irelands linguistic renaissance. （ B） EU aid. （ C） the low-priced labor force. （ D） foreign investment. 30 Whats
