1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 380及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Stages of Second Language Acquisition Stage :【 1】 Period: 1) in this stage, most students understand【 2】
3、than they can produce. Stage : Early production 2) Learners can use repetitive language patterns to express ideas and they try to express concepts by using【 3】 words only. Stage : Speech emergence Students have developed a vocabulary of about 3,000 words and can communicate with simple【 4】 Stage IV:
4、【 5】 fluency beginning to use【 6】 sentences when speaking and writing and are willing to express opinions and share their thoughts. They will【 7】 to clarify what they are learning in class. Stage V: Advanced Fluency It takes students from【 8】 to achieve cognitive academic language proficiency. Stude
5、nt will be【 9】 in their ability to perform in content area learning. By being aware of these stages, Students can feel confident about their learning process and they can【 10】 levels if they feel they cannot express exactly what they have in mind. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you
6、will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following is T
7、RUE about the safety of putting photos online? （ A） Do not copy or paste pictures to your website. （ B） Sanitizing your photos online guarantees their safety. （ C） Compared with emails, websites are safer to share photos. （ D） Even your friends may use your photos for a bad purpose. 12 What should b
8、e taken into account when deciding the way of supervision over the child? （ A） The childs academic performance. （ B） The childs character and personality. （ C） The childs computer skills. （ D） The childs willingness to communicate. 13 What should the children do to ensure the possession of their sit
9、es? （ A） Frequently change their passwords of online accounts. （ B） Put their photos online frequently and randomly. （ C） Guarantee the decency of language on their sites. （ D） Use their read full name for their online account. 14 To monitor their childrens online behavior, parents should NOT （ A） k
10、eep updated with current internet applications. （ B） split the bill with their children for going online. （ C） get the password of their childs online account. （ D） ask their kids to watch the language on their sites. 15 As children grow up, their online photos and webpages may be viewed by authorit
11、y from the fields of （ A） academic and professional. （ B） military and supervisory. （ C） health-care and educational. （ D） political and economic. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At t
12、he end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the news, Chechnya has all of the following geographic features EXCEPT_. （ A） lowlands （ B） valleys （ C） rivers （ D） forests 17 The ecological disaster of Chechnya is caused by_. （ A） thriving and planned
13、 oil industry （ B） years of separatist warfare （ C） pollution of major rivers （ D） growing number of babies born 18 It is _ who direct many Cosa Nostras activities in Palermo. （ A） Bernardo Provenzano （ B） Antonino Cina （ C） Salvatore Riina （ D） Antonino Rotolo 19 The news is mainly about_. （ A） the
14、 disadvantages and advantages of nighttime flights （ B） the environmental benefit caused by daytime flights （ C） the environmental damage caused by nighttime flights （ D） the impact of sunlight in the formation of vapor trails of aircrafts 20 What effect will the trails of aircrafts produce in the n
15、ighttime? （ A） They will act like tiny clouds. （ B） They will decrease temperatures. （ C） They will account for greenhouse effect. （ D） They will increase precipitation. 20 Margaret Spellings, the secretary of education, announced a pilot reform . to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), George Bushs
16、 education law, which was passed in 2002 Up to ten states, she said, would be allowed to target their resources at the most severely struggling schools, rather than at the vast number needing improvement. The change drew a predictable mix of praise and censure. Above all, though, it was a reminder o
17、f utter inaction elsewhere, Congress, which was supposed to re-authorize the law last year, has made little progress. On the campaign trail, concerns over Iraq and the economy have made education a minor issue. Contrary to appearances, the laws main tenets are unlikely to be abandoned completely. Bu
18、t for the Democratic candidates in particular, a proper debate on NCLB is to be avoided like political quicksand. Most politicians agree that the law has the right goals-to raise educational standards and hold schools accountable for meeting them. NCLB requires states to test pupils on math and read
19、ing from third to eighth grade (that is, from the ages of eight to 13), and once in high school. Some science testing is being added. Schools that do not make “adequate yearly progress“ towards meeting state standards face sanctions. Pupils in failing schools can supposedly transfer to a better one
20、or get tutoring. Most also agree that NCLB has big flaws that must be fixed. Few pupils in bad schools actually transfer-less than 1% of those eligible did so in the 2003-04 school year. Teachers unions say the tests are focused too narrowly on math and reading, fail to measure progress over time an
21、d encourage “teaching to the test“. They also complain that the law lacks proper funding. The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, a conservative policy group, has exposed wide gaps in state standards. Test-data reflect this. In Mississippi 90% of fourth-graders were labeled “proficient“ or better in the s
22、tate reading test in 2006-07. Only 19% reached that level in a national test. John McCain, the Republican presidential nominee, offers NCLB tepid support but fails to elaborate. At Democratic rallies, NCLB is little more than a whipping-boy. Hillary Clinton proclaims that she will “end the unfunded
23、mandate known as No Child Left Behind“. But though she and Barack Obama deride NCLB publicly, each endorses the idea of accountability. They favor using more sophisticated “assessments“ in place of tests, want to value a broader range of skills, punish schools less and support them more. How these i
24、deas would be implemented remains unclear. Not surprisingly, more controversial proposals can be found among those not running for president. Chester Finn of Fordham thinks the federal government needs greater power to set standards, while states should have more leeway in meeting them. A bipartisan
25、 commission on NCLB has issued a slew of proposals. Particularly contentious is a plan to use pupils test scores to help identify ineffective teachers as in need of retraining. Of course, standards alone do not improve education. Both Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Obama propose a host of new programs for sch
26、ools, described on their websites if rarely on campaign. But accountability is likely to remain a big part of school reform. Last April a group of philanthropists announced a $60m effort to make education the top domestic issue of 2008. So far, it looks like money ill spent. 21 According to the pass
27、age, NCLB mainly aimed to （ A） provide tests for pupils on maths and reading from third to eighth grade. （ B） add some science testing in schools for pupils aged from 8 to 13. （ C） enhance teaching standards which schools should be responsible for meeting. （ D） transfer pupils in failing schools to
28、a better one or get them some tutoring. 22 The word “sanctions“ in the third paragraph means （ A） approval. （ B） punishment. （ C） support. （ D） decree. 23 Which of the following is NOT a weakness of NCLB? （ A） The law has been properly funded. （ B） Only a few pupils in bad schools transfer. （ C） The
29、 tests are focused on nothing but maths and reading. （ D） The tests actually encourage “teaching to the test“. 24 From the descripton in the passage, we learn that （ A） controversial proposals can be found only among the presidential nominees. （ B） using pupils test scores to identify ineffective te
30、achers has been widely accepted. （ C） both Democratic presidential nominees support the idea of accountability. （ D） neither the Republican nor the Democratic presidential nominees favor NCLB. 24 When catastrophic floods hit Bangladesh, TNTs emergency-response team was ready. The logistics giant, wi
31、th headquarters in Amsterdam, has 50 people on standby to intervene anywhere in the world at 48 hours notice. This is part of a five-year-old partnership with the World Food Program (WFP), the UNs agency that fights hunger. The team has attended to some two dozen emergencies, including the Asian tsu
32、nami in 2004. “Were just faster,“ says Ludo Oelrich, the director of TNTs “Moving the World“ program. Emergency help is not TNTs only offering. Volunteers do stints around the world on secondment to WFP and staff are encouraged to raise money for the program (they generated euro2. 5m last year). The
33、re is knowledge transfer, too: TNT recently improved the school-food supply chain in Liberia, increasing WFPs efficiency by 15-20%, and plans to do the same in Congo. Why does TNT do these things? “People feel this is a company that does more than take care of the bottom line,“ says Mr. Oelrich. “It
34、s providing a soul to TNT. “ In a 2006 staff survey, 68% said the probono activities made them prouder to work at the company. It also helps with recruitment: three out of four graduates who apply for jobs mention the WFP connection. Last year the company came top in the Dow Jones Sustainability Ind
35、ex. TNTs experience illustrates several trends in corporate philanthropy. First, collaboration is in, especially with NGOs. Companies try to pick partners with some relevance to their business. For TNT, the food program is a good fit because hunger is in part a logistical problem. Standard Chartered
36、, a bank, is working with the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee on microfinance and with other NGOs on a campaign to help 10m blind people. Coca-Cola has identified water conservation as critical to its future as the worlds largest drinks company. Last June it announced an ambitious collaborati
37、on with WWF, a global environmental organization, to conserve seven major freshwater river basins. It is also working with Greenpeace to eliminate carbon emissions from coolers and vending machines. The co-operation is strictly non-financial, but marks a change in outlook. “Ten years ago you couldnt
38、 get Coca-Cola and Greenpeace in the same room,“ says Neville Isdell, its CEO. Second, what used to be local community work is increasingly becoming global community work. In the mid-1990s nearly all IBMs philanthropic spending was in America; now 60% is outside. Part of this involves a corporate ve
39、rsion of the peace corps: young staff get one-month assignments in the developing world to work on worthy projects. The idea is not only to make a difference on the ground, but also to develop managers who understand how wider world works. Third, once a formal program is in place, it becomes hard to
40、 stop. Indeed, it tends to grow, not least because employees are keen. In 1996 KPMG allowed its staff in Britain to spend two hours a month of their paid-for time on work for the community. Crucially for an accountancy firm, the work was given a time code. After a while it came to be seen as a busin
41、ess benefit. The program has expanded to half a day a month and now adds up to 40,000 donated hours a year. And increasingly it is not only inputs that are being measured but outputs as well. Salesforce. com, a software firm, tries to measure the impact of its volunteer programs, which involved 85%
42、of its employees last year. All this has meant that straightforward cash donations have become less important. At IBM, in 1993 cash accounted for as much as 95% of total philanthropic giving; now it makes up only about 35%. But cash still matters. When Hank Paulson, now Americas treasury secretary,
43、was boss of Goldman Sachs, he was persuaded to raise the amount that the firm chipped in to boost employees charitable donations. Now it is starting a philanthropy fund aiming for $1 billion to which the partners will be encouraged to contribute a share of their pay. No doubt that is good for the ba
44、nks soul. 25 According to the passage, TNT offers all of the following EXCEPT （ A） emergency help in the floods in Bangladesh. （ B） emergency help in the Asian tsunami in 2004. （ C） volunteer work for World Food Program. （ D） conservation of seven major freshwater river basins. 26 From the third par
45、agraph, we get the impression that TNTs pro-bono activities （ A） take care of the bottom line. （ B） help improve corporate image （ C） are mentioned by all job applicants. （ D） are the main concern of the company. 27 Which of the following is NOT an NGO? （ A） The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committe
46、e. （ B） WWF. （ C） Goldman Sachs. （ D） Greenpeace. 28 All the followings describe the trends in corporate philanthropy EXCEPT （ A） collaborations with NGOs. （ B） globalized community work. （ C） growth trend of formal programs. （ D） increase of both input and output. 29 This passage is mainly about （
47、A） corporate culture. （ B） corporate philanthropy. （ C） corporate financing. （ D） corporate image. 29 Vibrations in the ground are a poorly understood but probably widespread means of communication between animals. It seems unlikely that these animals could have detected seismic “pre-shocks“ that we
48、re missed by the sensitive vibration-detecting equipment that clutters the worlds earthquake laboratories. But it is possible. And the fact that many animal species behave strangely before other natural events such as storms, and that they have the ability to detect others of their species at distan
49、ces which the familiar human senses could not manage, is well established. Such observations have led some to suggest that these animals have a kind of extra-sensory perception. What is more likely, though, is that they have an extra sense-a form of perception that people lack. The best guess is that they can feel and understand vibrations that are transmitted through the ground. Almost all the research done into animal signaling has been on sight, hearing and smell, because these are senses that people possess. Humans hav
