1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Burnout comes when the reality of life is less than our expectations. And it has become a common psycholog
3、ical problem. School teachers and full-time housewives with children at home are among the【 1】 _ groups likely to suffer 【 1】 _ from burnout. The symptoms of the condition were first noticed among human service agency workers but the condition affects【 2】 _ to a degree. 【 2】 _ The symptoms of burnou
4、t can be divided into three stages. First is confusion. The worker may sometimes have a cold or chronic【 3】 _. He may seem to lose his sense 【 3】 _ of humor and many things running through his mind 【 4】 _ in a discussion. Cocoon phenomenon begins 【 4】 _ in the stage of【 5】 _ burnout which is charact
5、erized 【 5】 _ by more illness and absent. In that stage workers may have gray faces from 3 p.m. in the office until five accompanying a lot of【 6】 _. It is the result of 【 6】 _ people【 7】 _ their lives. The third stage is termed 【 7】 _ despair. There is depression and an increase in drinking and ris
6、k-taking. The person tends to pull into a shell, which means he minimizes work and【 8】 _ as much 【 8】 _ as possible. Although burnout is mainly work-related, it can occur in any of the multiple【 9】 _ most people perform. 【 9】 _ People can learn some strategies to improve their skills at doing someth
7、ing about it. One of them is called【 10】 _ 【 10】 _ strategy which is frequently used. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow
8、. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interview with Dr. Mirkin was conducted by _. （ A） an athlete （ B） a journalist （ C） a sick man （ D） a student 12
9、 By mentioning the case of Harvard football players, Dr. Mirkin meant that _. （ A） too much exercise often leads to a shorter life span （ B） American football is too violent to be good for ones health （ C） to exercise when one is young doesnt guarantee a good health when one is older （ D） Harvard st
10、udents are physically inferior to students from other universities 13 Disco dancing is an excellent exercise because _. （ A） the dancer keeps on moving vigorously （ B） it is most popular among young people today （ C） no other exercise can offer as much entertainment （ D） it benefits the dancer both
11、physically and spiritually 14 Bicycling and jogging are good exercise to train ones heart because they_. （ A） require a lot of strength （ B） are more interesting （ C） can reduce ones weight （ D） bring ones heartbeat to at least 120 a minute 15 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Young pe
12、ople need more exercise than other people. （ B） One can live longer than others if one has more exercise when one is young. （ C） Adults need more exercise than children. （ D） People can prolong their life span if they keep exercising. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hea
13、r everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 John Edwards believes that it is of utmost importance _. （ A） for him to condemn Bush administration for its bad policy （ B） for
14、him to develop a right guideline for （ C） for him to help his wife recover from illness （ D） for him to be prepared for running for president in 2008 17 Dean is _. （ A） the chairman of Democratic National Committee （ B） the chairman of Republican National Committee （ C） the spokesman of Democratic N
15、ational Committee （ D） the spokesman of Republican National Committee 18 According to the news item, worldwide oil price _. （ A） has risen considerably recently （ B） tins fallen considerably recently （ C） has been considerably low recently （ D） has been considerably high recently 19 _ has initiated
16、the plan to raise money for the poverty-stricken Africa. （ A） British Chancellor of the Exchequer （ B） British Prime Minister （ C） GMTV and The Observer （ D） US President 20 _ had been planned to raise to help lift Africa from poverty. （ A） 20 billion dollars （ B） 80 billion dollars （ C） 100 billion
17、 dollars （ D） 120 billion dollars 20 Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. Todays corporations hire human engineering specialists and spend a considerable amount
18、of time and money to make sure that the physical environments of buildings are fit to the activities of their inhabitants. Similarly, college classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking. We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any co
19、llege classroom and you will step back in time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates. The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious: Everything of importance comes from the teacher. With a little ima
20、gination and effort, unless desks are fixed to the floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourages interchange among students. In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways: circles, U-shapes, or semicircles. The prima
21、ry goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else. Larger classy, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility. Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.
22、 Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem. Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see ho
23、w other studentsthinking processes operate-all these are essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking. In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the same groups throughout the course. A colleague of mine allows students to move around d
24、uring the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with. He then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn student names and faces. 21 The underlined expression “ste
25、p back in time at least a hundred years“ ( Para. 2 ) is intended to convey the idea that _. （ A） college classrooms often remind people of their cortege life （ B） critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago （ C） a hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different （ D） th
26、ere is not much change in the college educational idea over the past hundred years 22 The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is _. （ A） for the teacher to divide students into small groups （ B） to make it possible for students to interact with each other （ C） for the teacher to find out how stude
27、nts think （ D） to give students more opportunities to practice speaking 23 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） New kind of desks and chairs should be made. （ B） Many companies are trying to improve the working settings for their employees. （ C） Classroom interaction bet
28、ween students is essential to the training of critical thinking. （ D） A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency. 24 Which of the following arrangements of the classroom can bring about the best teaching effect? （ A） Arranging the desks in straight rows and providing every minute f
29、or the students to listen to the teacher. （ B） Breaking a class into small groups and letting the students find the group they prefer to stay in. （ C） Putting the students in a larger class and allowing them to discuss. （ D） Breaking a class into small groups and asking the students to stay in the f
30、ixed groups as the teacher arranges. 24 Through a series of experiments an American scientist has obtained an understanding of the social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants examined are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely a
31、gricultural way of life. In their underground nests they cultivate gardens on soil made from finely chopped leaves. This is a complex operation requiring considerable division of labor. The workers of this type of ants can be divided into four groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a
32、particular set of jobs. The making and care of the gardens and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for chopping up leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. A third group of still larger ants do
33、the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The largest are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the nest. To find out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy the
34、y used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size-groups, and then measured how efficiently these ants could find leaves and nm back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size-groups. In this way he could see whether any group co
35、uld do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it. The intermediate-sized ants that normally perform this task proved to be the most efficient for their energy costs, but when the scientist examined the whole set of jobs performed by each group of ants it appeared that some size
36、s of worker ants were not ideally suited to the particular jobs they performed. 25 In what way are the ants different from other non-human societies? （ A） They do not need to search for food. （ B） They do not need to look for shelter. （ C） Individuals vary in social status. （ D） Individuals perform
37、different functions. 26 It seems that smaller ants perform more of the _. （ A） construction tasks （ B） domestic tasks （ C） defensive work （ D） heavy work 27 The underlined word “good“ (Para. 3) refers to ants_ . （ A） co-operation in working （ B） sense of responsibility （ C） efficiency in working （ D
38、） willingness to work hard 28 The scientists work was based on _. （ A） occasional observations （ B） systematic observations （ C） observations of several nests （ D） observations of undisturbed nests 28 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can b
39、e starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hop hag to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more
40、than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, ill the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Mo
41、st often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the in fact, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to si
42、ng and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech tins started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high
43、 IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows iris lan
44、guage differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a
45、 toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interac
46、tion between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out on- ly the obvious signals. Sensitivi
47、ty to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 29 The purpose of the Frederick s experiment was _. （ A） to prove that children are bom with the ability to speak （ B） to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech （ C） to fi
48、nd out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak （ D） to prove that a child would be damaged without learning a language 30 The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that _. （ A） they are incapable of learning language rapidly （ B） they arc exposed to
49、 too much language at once （ C） their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak （ D） their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them 31 What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that _. （ A） he is born with the capacity to speak （ B） he has a brain more complex than an animals （ C）
