[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷422及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 422及答案与解析 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 1 _ refers to the sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in a given language. ( A) Ph

2、one ( B) Allophone ( C) Phoneme ( D) Morpheme 2 The open syllable refers to the syllable that has no ( A) coda. ( B) onset. ( C) nucleus. ( D) rhyme. 3 If two phonetically similar sounds are two distinctive phonemes, they are said to form a ( A) minimal pair. ( B) complementary distribution. ( C) ph

3、onemic contrast. ( D) minimal set. 4 In English if a word begins with a 1 or a r ,then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a(n) ( A) assimilation rule. ( B) sequential rule. ( C) deletion rule. ( D) grammar rule. 5 _ is a unit that cannot be divided into smaller units without destroying or drast

4、ically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. ( A) Phoneme ( B) Morpheme ( C) Lexeme ( D) Phone 6 The words such as “dog“, “nation“ and “close“ are ( A) affixes. ( B) free morphemes. ( C) bound morphemes. ( D) compounds. 7 The words such as “smog“ and “brunch“ are called ( A) ab

5、breviation. ( B) acronym. ( C) back-formation. ( D) blending. 8 For example, the word bead originally means “prayer“ , but later it refers to “the prayer bead“, and finally “small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood“. It is called ( A) meaning shift. ( B) broadening. ( C) narrowing. ( D) borr

6、owing. 9 “Kodak“ is a(n) ( A) acronym. ( B) blending. ( C) coinage. ( D) clipping. 10 Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are ( A) grammatical words. ( B) lexical words. ( C) both grammatical words and lexical words. ( D) neither grammatical words nor lexical words. 11 Pronouns, prepositions, conj

7、unctions, and articles are ( A) open-class words. ( B) closed-class words. ( C) both open-class and closed-class words. ( D) neither open-class words nor closed-class words. 12 In terms of_, words can be divided into closed-class words and open-class words. ( A) meaning ( B) variability ( C) quality

8、 ( D) membership 13 _refers to any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. It can be equivalent to a root, or a root and a derivational affix. ( A) Affix ( B) Root ( C) Stem ( D) Suffix 14 In the following words “foot/feet, goose/geese“ , the affixes belong

9、to ( A) suffix. ( B) infix. ( C) prefix. ( D) root. 15 “ Kung fu“ is a_word. ( A) blended ( B) clipped ( C) borrowed ( D) compound 16 The word “hound“ originally meant “dog“ , but now it means “a special kind of dog“. This is an example of ( A) loss of meaning. ( B) narrowing of meaning. ( C) wideni

10、ng of meaning. ( D) meaning shift. 17 The fact that a lexical item may undergo a shift of meaning is called _ in linguistics. ( A) widening of meaning ( B) narrowing of meaning ( C) meaning shift ( D) losing of meaning 18 The words “beseem, wot, gyve“ taken from Shakespeares works have been out of u

11、se today. These are examples of ( A) narrowing of meaning. ( B) broadening of meaning. ( C) addition of words. ( D) loss of words. 19 Which word is different from the other three in word formation? ( A) USA. ( B) DOZER. ( C) AIDS. ( D) WTO. 20 “General officer, editorial article, gold medal“ are oft

12、en shortened as “general, editorial and gold“ respectively. In these cases, there is a_ behind this sort of semantic change. ( A) foreign influence ( B) social cause ( C) linguistic cause ( D) psychological cause 21 Which of the following is an example of clipping? ( A) APEC. ( B) Motel. ( C) Xerox.

13、 ( D) Disco. 22 The word “Motel“ comes from “motor + hotel“. This is an example of_in morphology. ( A) back formation ( B) conversion ( C) blending ( D) acronym 23 The word “tail“ once referred to “the tail of a horse“ ,but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal“. This is an example of ( A)

14、widening of meaning. ( B) narrowing of meaning. ( C) meaning shift. ( D) loss of meaning. 24 _refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentences. ( A) Morphology ( B) Syntax ( C) Phonetics ( D) Sem

15、antics 25 Which one of the following does NOT belong to English cases? ( A) Nominative. ( B) Accusative. ( C) Genitive. ( D) Dative. 26 When a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of category, it is referred to as ( A) generation. ( B) government. ( C) transformation. ( D)

16、negation. 27 _refers to the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the communication. ( A) C-command ( B) Immediate constituent analysis ( C) Deep structure ( D) Communicative Dynamism 28 _is a general term for verbal category that distinguishes the status of events,

17、etc. in relation to specific periods of time, as opposed to their simple location in the present, past, or future. ( A) Tense ( B) Time ( C) Mood ( D) Aspect 29 The relation between elements that form part of the same form, sequence, construction, etc. , e. g. between s, p, and r in a form such as s

18、pring, or between a subject and a verb in constructions such as Bill hunts is called ( A) syntagmatic relation. ( B) paradigmatic relation. ( C) positional relation. ( D) relation of substitutability. 30 In English, theme and rheme are expressed by ( A) subject and object. ( B) subject and predicate

19、. ( C) predicate and object. ( D) object and predicate. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 422答案与解析 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 Phoneme(音位 )是音系学研究的一个基本单位,是一组语音特征的抽象集合体,具有区别意义的作用。 Phone(

20、音素 )是语音学研究的一个基本单位,是人类为发音器官所能发出的最小语音片断;同一个音位在不同语音环境中的实现方式被称为该音位的音位变体 (Allophone); Morpheme(语素 )是最小的语言单位,不能再进一步分成更小的单位而不被破坏或彻底改变词汇意义或语法意义。 【知识模块】 音系学 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 开音节指的是没有 尾音的音节。 onset为节首; nucleus为节核;rhyme为韵基。 【知识模块】 音系学 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 如果两个发音相似的音又是能够区别意义的音位,那么这两个音位就构成了音位对立。 A最小对立体 (a minimal p

21、air):当两个词,除了出现在同一 位置上的一个音外,其余的音都相同,那么这两个词就构成了一个最小对立体;B互补分布 (complementary distribution):当同一个音位的两个或两个以上的音位变体不区别意义,并且出现在相同的语音环 境中,那么它们被称作处于互补分布; D并不存在这种现象。 【知识模块】 音系学 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 sequential rule为序列规则。英语语音响亮程度顺序排列为:元音vowels,无擦通音 approximants(r, l, j, w),鼻音 nasals,摩擦音 fricative,爆破音 stops。根据英语音节规则,

22、一个音节的响度顺序应该是先上升,节核处 (元音 )升到最高,然后下降。由于 l与 r都是无擦通音,且处于词的开头,后面只能是响亮高于它的元音。本题也可以用排除 法。 assimilation rule(同化规则 ),指前一音节的辅音受到后一音节辅音发音的影响,发生趋同的变化; deletion rule(省略规则 ),指某一个音虽然在拼写中出现,但不发音,或者说音被省略了,如 sign中的g。虽然这两个规则都与语音有关,但与题干情况不符。题干与音 (sound)有关,故不是语法规则,因此 A, C, D都可以排除。 【知识模块】 音系学 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 Morpheme(语

23、素 )是最小的语言单位,不能再进一步划分为更小的单位而不破坏或彻 底改变其词汇意义或语法意义。 Phoneme是音位; Lexeme是词素; Phone是音素。 【知识模块】 形态学 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 这些词都是 free morphemes,即自由语素,指能单独出现独立成词的语素,所有单语素词都是自由语素。由自由语素构成的多语素词为复合词,即 compound; bound morphemes即粘着语素,指不能单独出现,必须跟至少一个其他语素共同出现的语素; A词缀,附着于词根和词干的构词成分。因此 B正确。 【知识模块】 形态学 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 smo

24、g是由 smoke的前半部分和 fog的后半部分混合在一起构成的, brunch是由 breakfast和 lunch混合在一起构成的,这种构词法叫blending(混拼词 )。 abbreviation指缩写词; acronym指首字母缩写词; back-formation指逆构词。 【知识模块】 形态学 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 bead从最初的含义 “祈祷 ”转变为 “念珠 ”,到后来的 “水珠 ”,词义已不同于最初的含义,属于 meaning shift(词义 转移 )。 B词义扩大; C词义缩小; D借词。 【知识模块】 形态学 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 koda

25、k是一个创出的新词 (coinage)。 A首字母缩略; B混拼法;D截断法。 【知识模块】 形态学 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 名词、动词、形容词和副词都是词汇词,即具有词汇意义的词,又叫做实义词。 A语法词,指表达语法意义的词,又叫功能词。 【知识模块】 形态学 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 代词、介词、连词和冠 词属于封闭类词,即那些数目相对确定、有限的词,其数目不会有规律地增加。 A开放类词,指那些数目不确定、无限的词,其数目会随着社会发展不断地、经常地增加。名词、动词、形容词和副词属于 开放类词。 【知识模块】 形态学 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 就数量而

26、言,词汇可以分为封闭类词和开放类词。 A意义; B多变性; C质量。 【知识模块】 形态学 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 词干指能加屈折词缀的语素 (组合 ),它相当于词根或词根加派生词缀。 A词缀; B词根; D后缀。 【知识模块】 形态学 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此两例中都是在阋干中间发生了变化,称为中缀。 A后缀; C前缀; D词根。 【知识模块】 形态学 15 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 kungfu是外来词。外来词也称为借词,是指源自其他语言中的词汇。 【知识模块】 形态学 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 “hound”最初泛指 “狗 ”。现在只用来指

27、一种狗 “猎狗 ”,这是词义的缩小。 【知识模块】 形态学 17 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 语义变化包括词义扩大 (widening of meaning)、词义缩小(narrowing ofmeaning)和词义转移 (meaning shift)等。本题的题干表达的是词义转移的情况。 【知识模块】 形态学 18 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 莎士比亚作品中的很多词语今天人们已经不再使用,这属于 loss of words。 【知识模块】 形态学 19 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 dozer是由 bulldozer缩略而来 。其他三个都属于首字母缩略词。 【知识模块】 形态学 2

28、0 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 general officer, editorial article, gold medal的简化主要都是语言方面的原因。 【知识模块】 形态学 21 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 clipping(截断法 )指通过把原词一部分删减去而形成的简短词,又叫Abbreviation(缩写词 )。例如: quake(earthquake), memo(memorandum),flu(influenza)。 Disco是 discotheque(迪斯科舞厅 )的缩写词。 APEC是首字母缩写词 (Acronym); Mmel是混拼词 (Blending); Xer

29、ox是外来词 (Borrowing)。 【知识模块】 形态学 22 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 blending(拼缀法 ),指由一个词的开头和一个词的结尾共同合成一个新词,例如题目中 motel是由 motor的开头两个字母 mo和 hotel结尾的几个字母构成的。 【知识模块】 形态学 23 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 语义变化包 括 widening of meaning(词义扩大 ), narrowing of meaning(词义缩小 )和 meaning shift(词义转移 )等。这里 tail的含义由原来较小范畴扩大到较大范畴,显然属于词义扩大。 【知识模块】 形态学

30、24 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 Syntax(句法学 )主要研究句子结构,词、词组和短语组成句子的规则。 A形态学, C语音学, D语义学,都不符合题意。 【知识模块】 句法学 25 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 英语的 case(格 )仅有三种,即 nominative(主格 ), accusative(宾格 )和 genitive(属格 )。 D与格,不属于英语的格。 【知识模块】 句法学 26 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 当一个或几个单词因受到其他相邻的词语的支配而必须与其保持某个范畴的一致,称为 government(支配关系 )。 【知识模块】 句法学 27 【正确答案】

31、 D 【试题解析】 Communicative Dynamism(交际力 )是指句子成分对交际发展所做的贡献的程度。 【知识模块】 句法学 28 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 Aspect(体 )是相对于具体时间段而言,是区分事件地位的动词范畴的总称,和简单的现在、过去和将来时间定位相反。 A时态,是标明相对于说话者时刻事件所发生的时间的屈折范畴; B时间; C语气,是区别情态的语法范畴。 【知识模块】 句法学 29 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 组合关系 (syntagmatic relation)是指一个单位和同一序列中其他单位之间的关系,或者说是在现场的所有成分之间的关系。 【知识模块】 句 法学 30 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 马泰休斯 (Vilem Mathesius)认为句子除了用主语 (subject)和谓语(predicate)来进行形式分析外,还可以用另外一套术语:主位 (theme)和述位(rheme),在英语中,一般情况下,主语是主位,谓语是述位。 【知识模块】 句法学

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