1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 438及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has d
3、eveloped over centuries in the history of China. Today it still has a place in museums. I. Roles of calligraphy A. a means of communication B. a way of expressing the (1) of nature (1)_ II. Characteristics of calligraphy A. Calligraphy as an expressive art: to (2) the (2)_ identity of a man B. Calli
4、graphy as a practical fine art: to be used as ornaments III. Benefits of practicing calligraphy A. getting ones subconsciousness exercised B. bringing about (3) between the mind and the body (3)_ C. enabling one to enjoy healthy life and longevity IV. Five basic script types in Chinese calligraphy A
5、. the Seal Script the oldest style, making a signature-like impression generally used in (4) today (4)_ B. the Official or Clerical Script Characters appear (5) : strokes often start thin (5)_ and end thick. still common in printing because of its elegance C. the Regular Script Characters are regula
6、r, written (6) . (6)_ most widely used and the most legible D. the Running Script Strokes may run into one another. Characters are less (7) . (7)_ E. the Cursive Script a flowing style with few angular lines Strokes are altered or removed for smooth writing or purpose _(8)_ (8)_ V. Status and influe
7、nce of calligraphy A. an important (9) for imperial court to select officials (9)_ B. an art unique to Asian cultures C. a source of inspiration to (10) (10)_ SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follo
8、w. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The mans first job was in （ A） a newspaper office. （ B） the government. （ C） a construction firm. （ D） a private com
9、pany. 12 The man does not plan to be self-employed mainly because （ A） his wife likes him to work for a firm. （ B） he prefers working for the government. （ C） self-employed work is very demanding. （ D） self-employed work is sometimes insecure. 13 To study architecture in a university one must （ A） b
10、e interested in arts. （ B） study arts first. （ C） get good exam results. （ D） be good at drawing. 14 On the subject of drawing the man says （ A） artists generally draw very well. （ B） artistsdrawing differs little from architects. （ C） accuracy is an essential requirement for architects. （ D） archit
11、ects must be natural artists. 15 What can we infer about the mans attitude towards his customers? （ A） He never thinks about his customers. （ B） He emphasizes customer satisfaction. （ C） He thinks safety of the residents is the most important. （ D） He thinks he should provide them with attractive an
12、d interesting buildings. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following statements is IN
13、CORECT? （ A） The Kairuku penguin became extinct about. （ B） The Kairuku penguin lived in the Oligocene time period. （ C） The fossil penguin is reconstructed in New Zealand. （ D） The research is published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 What is the news mainly about? （ A） Mexico is holdi
14、ng an election. （ B） Voting in Mexico is threatened by drug cartels. （ C） There is widespread nervousness in Mexico. （ D） Election candidates in Mexico are subject to violence. 18 The measures taken by the election candidates against violence mentioned in the news include all the following EXCEPT （
15、A） keeping public agenda secret. （ B） using false information. （ C） avoiding violent place activity. （ D） avoiding night-time political activity. 19 It seems that_of the people in England are in favor of a woman bishop. （ A） the majority （ B） the minority （ C） half （ D） few 20 The plan of ordaining
16、women bishops was finally （ A） approved. （ B） rejected. （ C） destroyed. （ D） unsettled. 20 Parents and grandparents with money to spare are no longer waiting until death to pass on their wealth. Instead, theyre increasingly handing it over to their adult kids while theyre still around to see how its
17、 spent and, in some cases, lend a hand. Some 8.1 percent of American families have net worth in excess of $1 million, according to the Federal Reserve, and almost 2 percent have assets of over $2 million, the amount that is currently excluded from federal estate tax. (In 2009, the excluded amount ri
18、ses to $3.5 million. There will be no federal estate tax in 2010, after which the excluded amount will return to $1 million, unless Congress acts.) Financial advisers say that in addition to the tax benefits that come from gradually transferring that wealth by reducing the estate to stay under the t
19、ax-exempt amount at death, well-to-do individuals and even those with estates far under the million-dollar mark are eager to share the money while they are still alive to see its effects. “It allows senior generations to see how kids and grandkids are using those funds and to get enjoyment out of kn
20、owing how the money is spent,“ says Mary Ann Sisco, national wealth adviser for JP Morgans Private Client Services. Lisa Tichenor of Dallas advises a foundation created by her son Taylor in honor of her late son, Willie, who died of bone cancer when he was 19. The money, which originally came from a
21、 family business, was given to her sons when they were young. Sharing that money now, instead of waiting to pass it on at death, allows her to spend time with Taylor and work on charitable projects with him, she says. “There is a lot of joy in working together for someone elses good when you have ev
22、erything you need,“ she says. Sally Hurme, an attorney with AARPs consumer protection unit, helped make her recently married daughters down payment on a house. But she warns that parents first need to make sure they have enough money to fund their own expenses. “People today are living much longer t
23、han they used to live, and they may have very high health costs,“ she says. Giving money away early can serve to teach adult children how to handle wealth, says Jeremy White, a certified public accountant and coauthor of Splitting Heirs: Giving Money and Things to Your Children Without Ruining Their
24、 Lives. “You may be able to give an inheritance sampler,“ he says, “and see how the adult child handles that. Youre around while youre living to give them guidance if asked.“ Seniors interested in funding education for young grandchildren can put money into a 529 college savings plan, which is shiel
25、ded from taxes on earnings. While the money still counts as a gift for tax purposes, says Rande Spiegelman, vice president of financial planning for the Schwab Center for Financial Research, it has the benefit of letting donors control how its used or even change the beneficiary. Parents and grandpa
26、rents interested in retaining control over how their money is spent can also add conditions to trust agreements. “You never know what life will hold for those beneficiaries, but a lot of clients like to try to impart some of their wishes,“ says Marianne Kayan, am estate-planning attorney in Bethesda
27、, Md. She says they try to promote “good behavior“ by specifying that the trust distributions should go toward education or that they wont go to adults who are not working, although the wording often leaves some leeway to allow for full-time parents, for example. A recent Bank of America survey of w
28、ealthy individuals found that just over 70 percent discuss philanthropy with their children and about 20 percent give their children money to donate. “ Clients find that philanthropy is the glue that holds the family together. Its a way to share family stories and values,“ says Eileen Wilhem, managi
29、ng director of Bank of Americas philanthropic management. From the charity recipients to the adult children who help make the gifts and the parents who are still around to see how their money is disbursed, its an arrangement with multiple beneficiaries. 21 We can learn from the first paragraph that
30、parents and grandparents （ A） used to give away their assets at death. （ B） no longer pass on their wealth to their offspring. （ C） dont care how their money is spent at all. （ D） would not give their offspring financial help. 22 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that （ A） two percent of the famil
31、ies in the U.S. must pay estate tax. （ B） there is no need for one to pay asset tax if he owns more than $3.5 million in 2009. （ C） one has to pay asset tax no matter how much money he owns in 2010. （ D） one probably has to pay asset tax if he owns more than $ 1 million in 2011. 23 The examples of L
32、isa Tichenor and Sally Hurme seem to tell us that （ A） people should accumulate wealth while young and distribute them when they are old. （ B） parents and grandparents should help their children or grandchildren as much as possible. （ C） people should pass on their wealth to their children early but
33、 keep a necessary amount. （ D） old people should keep their money to themselves because the medical expenses are high 24 What can we learn from the last but one paragraph? （ A） The reason why seniors put money into schools is to evade taxes on earnings. （ B） Giving away ones money can ensure his des
34、cendants a better education. （ C） Donors have no right to change the beneficiary once designated in the college savings plan. （ D） Seniors can add some of their wishes to trust agreements to ensure their money is well spent. 25 Which of the following is NOT true about philanthropy according to the l
35、ast paragraph? （ A） It is embraced by the majority of wealthy parents and grandparents. （ B） It means donating money to charities. （ C） It is “glue“ when family members come together around shared values. （ D） It is beneficial to both givers and receivers. 25 Are your Facebook friends more interesti
36、ng than those you have in real life? Has high-speed Internet made you impatient with slow-speed children? Do you sometimes think about reaching for the fast-forward button, only to realize that life does not come with a remote control? If you answered yes to any of those questions, exposure to techn
37、ology may be slowly reshaping your personality. Some experts believe excessive use of the Internet, cellphones and other technologies can cause us to become more impatient, impulsive, forgetful and even more narcissistic. “More and more, life is resembling the chat room,“ says Dr. Elias Aboujaoude,
38、director of the Impulse Control Disorders Clinic at Stanford. “Were paying a price in terms of our cognitive life because of this virtual lifestyle.“ We do spend a lot of time with our devices, and some studies have suggested that excessive dependence on cellphones and the Internet is akin to an add
39、iction. Web sites like NetA offer self-assessment tests to determine if technology has become a drug. Among the questions used to identify those at risk: Do you neglect housework to spend more time online? Are you frequently checking your e-mail? Do you often lose sleep because you log in late at ni
40、ght? If you answered “often“ or “always,“ technology may be taking a toll on you. In a study to be published in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, researchers from the University of Melbourne in Australia subjected 173 college students to tests measuring risk for problemati
41、c Internet and gambling behaviors. About 5 percent of the students showed signs of gambling problems, but 10 percent of the students posted scores high enough to put them in the at-risk category for Internet “addiction.“ Technology use was clearly interfering with the students daily lives, but it ma
42、y be going too far to call it an addiction, says Nicki Dowling, a clinical psychologist who led the study. Ms. Dowling prefers to call it “Internet dependence.“ Typically, the concern about our dependence on technology is that it detracts from our time with family and friends in the real world. But
43、psychologists have become intrigued by a more subtle and insidious effect of our online interactions. It may be that the immediacy of the Internet, the efficiency of the iPhone and the anonymity of the chat room change the core of who we are, issues that Dr. Aboujaoude explores in a book, “Virtually
44、 You: The Internet and the Fracturing of the Self,“ to be leleased next year. Dr. Aboujaoude also asks whether the vast storage available in e-mail and on the Internet is preventing many of us from letting go, causing us to retain many old and unnecessary memories at the expense of making new ones.
45、Everything is saved these days, he notes, from the meaningless e-mail sent after a work lunch to the angry online exchange with a spouse. “If you cant forget because all this stuff is staring at you, what does that do to your ability to lay down new memories and remember things that you should be re
46、membering?“ Dr. Aboujaoude said. “When you have 500 pictures from your vacation in your Flickr account, as opposed to five pictures that are really meaningful, does that change your ability to recall the moments that you really want to recall?“ There is also no easy way to conquer a dependence on te
47、chnology. Nicholas Carr, author of the new book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, says that social and family responsibilities, work and other pressures influence our use of technology. “The deeper a technology is woven into the patterns of everyday life, the less choice we hav
48、e about whether and how we use that technology,“ Mr. Carr wrote in a recent blog post on the topic. Some experts suggest simply trying to curtail the amount of time you spend online. Set limits for how often you check e-mail or force yourself to leave your cellphone at home occasionally. The problem
49、 is similar to an eating disorder, says Dr. Kimberly Young, a professor at St. Bonaventure University in New York who has led research on the addictive nature of online technology. Technology, like food, is an essential part of daily life, and those suffering from disordered online behavior cannot give it up entirely and instead have to learn moderation and controlled use. She suggests therapy to determine the underlying issues that set off a persons need to
