1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 442及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Conquer Public Speaking Fear? I. Introduction A. Public speaking a common source of stress for eve
3、ryone B. The truth about it it is not (1)_stressful (1) _ it is very likely to become an invigorating and satisfying experience if the speaker correctly understands the (2)_ (2) _ bears in mind its meaning, key points and reminders related II. Causes of stress in a speech A. lack of right guiding pr
4、inciples B. lack of right (3) _ (3) _ C. lack of right plan of action III. Meaning of a (4) _speech (4)_ A. It doesnt mean perfection. B. Give your audience something (5)_so that (5)_ they feel better about themselves; they feel better about some job they have to do; they feel happy or entertained.
5、IV. Main points for (6)_a speech (6) _ A. Do not deliver too much information to the audience B. Have (7)_or an index card (7)_ V. General reminders A. If you forget the (8) _about public speaking and feel stressful, (8)_ go back and review this lecture find out what you did (9)_ (9)_ go back out an
6、d speak again. B. Remember that the (10)_will be impressive. (10)_ SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given
7、 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Most people complaining about sleeping problems are （ A） suffering from insomnia （ B） having health problems （ C） just complaining for nothing （ D） too busy to find enough time for sleep 12 For those who cant
8、 get to sleep, Dr. Getsys advice for them is to_. （ A） stick to a sleeping schedule （ B） find enough time for sleep （ C） go to see a sleep specialist （ D） stay up as long as they can 13 Learning to sleep is like quitting smoking because_. （ A） sleeping needs a lot of time （ B） it can only be achieve
9、d with a strong will （ C） it has to be prepared （ D） people need to stick with a program just as what they do to quit smoking 14 To make the bedroom comfortable, Dr. Getsy advise all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） keeping computer out of your sight （ B） finding comfortable mattress and pillow （ C） putt
10、ing bills outside your bedroom （ D） making the bedroom comfy and cozy 15 Whats Dr. Getsys attitude towards taking a nap in the daytime? （ A） Taking a nap is a bad sleeping habit. （ B） Whether to take a nap is questionable. （ C） Naps less than 45 minutes are good for people. （ D） The longer the nap,
11、the worse it will be. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main message of the news item?
12、 （ A） The Australian governments environmental plans didnt get through the parliament. （ B） The Australian government is determined to cut greenhouse emission. （ C） The environmental plan will harm Australian economy. （ D） There are fierce political rivalries in Australia. 17 Where will the first ce
13、remony be held this year? （ A） At Gdansk. （ B） On the Westerplatte Peninsula. （ C） At Dawn. （ D） On the Baltic peninsula. 18 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? （ A） Seventy top officials will be present at the 70th anniversary. （ B） Many attendees have participated i
14、n such event before. （ C） Russian president Putin will address at the ceremony. （ D） The event will last for two days. 19 What is the precondition of receiving bailout plan for Greek? （ A） Cutting spending and increasing taxes. （ B） Reconstructing the government. （ C） Fulfilling its financial obliga
15、tions. （ D） Winning the support of the public. 20 The major difference between the ruling parties and a field of smaller parties lies in_. （ A） the bailout plan （ B） the austerity measures （ C） the willingness to form a coalition government （ D） the managerial style 20 “How the zebra got his stripes
16、“ sounds like the title of one of Rudyard Kiplings “Just So“ stories. Sadly, it isnt, so the question has, instead, been left to zoologists. But they, too, have let their imaginations rip. Some have suggested camouflage. Others suggest they are a way to display an individuals fitness. Irregular stri
17、pes would let potential mates know that someone was not up to snuff. One researcher proposed that stripes are to zebra what faces are to people, allowing them to recognise each other, since every animal has a unique stripe-print. Another even speculated that predators might get dizzy watching a herd
18、 of stripes gallop by. There is, however, one other idea: that stripes are a sophisticated form of fly repellent. It was originally dreamed up in the 1980s, but never proved. Now, a team of investigators led by Gabor Horvath of Eotvos University in Budapest report in the Journal of Experimental Biol
19、ogy that they think they have done so. The original suggestion was that stripes repel tsetse flies. These insects carry sleeping sickness, which is as much a bane of ungulates as it is of people. But tsetses are not the only dipteran foes of zebra and, since they are rarely found in the meadows of H
20、ungary, Dr Horvath plumped for studying an almost equally obnoxious alternative: the horsefly. Horseflies, too, transmit disease. They also bite incessantly, thus keeping grazing beasts from their dinner. Indeed, previous research has shown that fly attacks on horses and cattle reduce their body fat
21、 and milk production. Such research has also shown something odd: horseflies attack black horses in preference to white ones. That fact got Dr Horvath wondering how they would react to a striped horse in other words, a zebra. Actual zebra are hard to experiment on. They insist on moving around and s
22、wishing their tails. The team therefore conducted their study using inanimate objects. Some were painted uniformly dark or uniformly light, and some had stripes of various widths. Some were plastic trays filled with salad oil. Some were glue-covered boards. And some were actual models of zebra. They
23、 put these objects in a field infested with horseflies and counted the number of insects they trapped. Their first discovery was that stripes attracted fewer flies than solid, uniform colours. As intriguingly, though, they also found that the least attractive pattern of stripes was precisely those o
24、f the sort of width found on zebra hides. Zebra stripes do, therefore, seem to repel horseflies. Exactly why is unclear. But Dr Horvath thinks it might be related to a horseflys ability to see polarised light, which imposes a sense of horizontal and vertical on an image. Horseflies are known to pref
25、er horizontal polarised light. Possibly, the mostly vertical stripes on a zebra confuse the flys tiny brain and thus stop it seeing the animal. Another obvious question, though, is why other species have not evolved this elegant form of fly repellent, and what the consequences would have been if the
26、y had. If humans, for example, were black-and-white striped then the history of intercommunal violence the species has suffered when different races have met might not have been quite as bad. One for Kipling to have pondered, perhaps? 21 Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as the imagined re
27、asons why zebra got strips? （ A） Stripes allow zebra to recognise each other. （ B） Strips are a way to display an individuals fitness. （ C） Strips allow zebra to show their beauty. （ D） Stripes are a sophisticated form of fly repellent. 22 According to the passage, which one of the following matches
28、 the researches LEAST? （ A） Dr Horvath first did the research on striped horse. （ B） Fly attacks on horses and cattle reduce their body fat and milk production. （ C） Horseflies attack black horses in preference to white ones. （ D） Horseflies bite incessantly, thus keeping grazing beasts from their d
29、inner. 23 It can be inferred from the passage that the reason why actual zebra are hard to experiment on is that_. （ A） horseflies transmit disease （ B） they insist on moving around and swishing their tails （ C） the mostly vertical stripes on a zebra confuse the flys tiny brain and thus stop it seei
30、ng the animal （ D） zebra graze in the open, not amid thick vegetation where a striped pattern might break up their outlines 24 “Camouflage“ in the first paragraph probably means _. （ A） disguise （ B） convince （ C） preference （ D） bless 25 Which of the following adjectives best describes the authors
31、attitude of the topic? （ A） Positive. （ B） Negative. （ C） Ambivalent. （ D） Objective. 25 Wherever the crime novels of P. D. James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. P
32、erhaps underlying the debate is that familiar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, according to which enjoyable novels are held to be somehow slightly lowbrow, and a novel is not considered true literature unless it is a tiny bit dull. Those commentators who would elevate Jam
33、es books to the status of high literature point to her painstakingly constructed characters, her elaborate settings, her sense of place, and her love of abstractions: notions about morality, duty, pain, and pleasure are never far from the lips of her police officers and murderers. Others find her pr
34、etentious and tiresome; an inverted snobbery accuses her of abandoning the time-honored conventions of the detective genre in favor of a highbrow literary style. The critic Harriet Waugh wants P. D. James to get on with “the more taxing business of laying a tricky trail and then fooling the reader“;
35、 Philip Oakes in The Literary Review groans, “Could we please proceed with the business of clapping the handcuffs on the killer?“ James is certainly capable of strikingly good writing. She takes immense trouble to provide her characters with convincing histories and passions. Her descriptive digress
36、ions are part of the pleasure of her books and give them dignity and weight. But it is equally true that they frequently interfere with the story; the patinas and aromas of a country kitchen receive more loving attention than does the plot itself. Her devices to advance the story can be shameless an
37、d thin, and it is often impossible to see how her detective arrives at the truth; one is left to conclude that the detective solves crimes through intuition. At this stage in her career P. D. James seems to be less interested in the specifics of detection than in her characters vulnerabilities and p
38、erplexities. However, once the rules of a chosen genre cramp creative thought, there is no reason why an able and interesting writer should accept them. In her latest book, there are signs that James is beginning to feel constrained by the crime-novel genre, here her determination to leave areas of
39、ambiguity in the solution of the crime and to distribute guilt among the murderer, victim, and bystanders points to conscious rebellion against the traditional neatness of detective fiction. It is fashionable, though reprehensible, for one writer to prescribe to another. But perhaps the time has com
40、e for P. D. James to slide out of her handcuffs and stride into the territory of the mainstream novel. 26 It can be inferred from the passage that, in the authors view, traditional detective fiction is characterized by_. （ A） attention to the concepts of morality and responsibility （ B） concern for
41、the weaknesses and doubts of the characters （ C） transparent devices to advance the plot （ D） the straightforward assignment of culpability for the crime 27 The passage suggests that both Waugh and Oakes consider Jamess novels to have_. （ A） too much material that is extraneous to the solution of th
42、e crime （ B） too simple a plot to hold the attention of the reader （ C） too convoluted a plot for the reader to understand （ D） too few suspects to generate suspense 28 The second paragraph serves primarily to_. （ A） contradict an assertion cited previously （ B） present previously mentioned position
43、s in greater detail （ C） analyze a dilemma in greater depth （ D） propose an alternative to two extreme opinions described earlier 29 The passage supports which one of the following statements about detective fiction? （ A） Detective fiction has been largely ignored by literary critics. （ B） There is
44、very little agreement among critics about the basic elements of typical detective novel. （ C） Writers of detective fiction have customarily followed certain conventions in constructing their novels. （ D） There are as many different detective-novel conventions as there are writers of crime novels. 30
45、 Which one the following best states the authors main conclusion? （ A） Because P.D.Jamess potential as a writer is stifled by her chosen genre, she should turn her talents toward writing mainstream novels. （ B） Although her plots are not always neatly resolved, the beauty of her descriptive passages
46、 justifies P.D.Jamess decision to write in the crime-novel genre. （ C） The dichotomy between popular and sophisticated literature is well illustrated in the crime novels of P.D.James. （ D） The critics who have condemned P.D.Jamess lack of attention to the specifics of detection fail to take into acc
47、ount her carefully constructed plots. 30 Over the years, biologists have suggested two main pathways by which sexual selection natural selection for characters that confer success in competition for a mate as distinguished from competition with other species; also: the choice of a mate based on a pr
48、eference for certain characteristics may have shaped the evolution of male birdsong. In the first place, male competition and intrasexual selection produce relatively short, simple songs used mainly in territorial behavior. In the second place, female choice and intersexual selection produce longer,
49、 more complicated songs used mainly in mate attraction; like such visual ornamentation as the peacocks tail, elaborate vocal characteristics increase the males chances of being chosen as a mate, and he thus enjoys more reproductive success than his less ostentatious rivals. The two pathways are not mutually exclusive, and we can expect to find examples that reflect their interaction. T
