1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 450及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Develop an Outline I . A preliminary outline A. Definition: a/an (1)_list of topics and subtopics
3、(1)_ covered in the research paper. B. Two steps to develop a preliminary outline: 1. write down ideas or (2)_in a rough list) (2)_ 2. arrange items into major and minor ideas. II. Revision of the preliminary outline A. Revise the outline when discovering new material and having new ideas for the pa
4、per. Reason: writing a research paper is (3)_; one (3)_ looks back over paragraphs to adjust thinking. Result: the outline expands or shrinks throughout the gathering of data and the writing of drafts. B. Answer the questions to help evaluate the outline: 1. What is the (4) _of my research? (4)_ 2.
5、What is my thesis? 3. How specialized is my audience? C. Use (5) _programs with outlining features as (5)_ automatic formatting. D. Keep copies of old outlines to avoid (6) _. (6)_ 1. A final outline A. (7) _: to enhance organization and coherence (7)_ B. Content; eliminate irrelevant materials: (8)
6、_portions of the outline (8)_ C. Organization: in line with purposes organization types: chronology, cause and effect, process, definition, (9)_, argumentation (9)_ bring related materials together logically add an effective introduction and a satisfactory conclusion D. Forms of a final outline a to
7、pic outline; using noun, gerund and (10) _phrases (10)_ a sentence outline: using full sentences a paragraph outline: using paragraphs SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are
8、based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Dr. Adams, what does the title of his book suggest? （ A） A regular study program is essential to learning another language. （ B
9、） Eating eggs and toast is important for learning another language. （ C） Learning another language is as easy as eating eggs and toast. （ D） A language-learning program should be set upon eggs and toast. 12 According to Dr. Adams, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） One should start
10、 learning a foreign language with practical goals. （ B） One needs to develop his/her language skills by small steps. （ C） Planning to learn a small vocabulary every day is acceptable. （ D） A cramming program is suggested if one wants to learn well. 13 According to Dr. Adams, visual learners do the f
11、ollowing things EXCEPT_. （ A） seeing models of the patterns to be learned （ B） associating images with ideas and concepts （ C） performing better through artistic experiences （ D） having great instinctive sense of direction 14 What is Dr. Adams own learning style? （ A） Visual style. （ B） Tactile styl
12、e. （ C） Auditory style. （ D） Writing style. 15 Why does Dr. Adams say learning styles are not singular in nature? （ A） Because learners are complicated and hardly analyzable. （ B） Because learners tend to grasp all the learning styles. （ C） Because learners hardly use one learning style at a time. （
13、 D） Because learners learning styles are situation-specific. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Wha
14、t is the main idea of the news item? （ A） India will market its low-cost computers abroad. （ B） India has developed a type of computer that sells at a very low price. （ C） The devices in the computer were engineered by Taiwan. （ D） India decides to have its computers manufactured in Taiwan. 17 Why i
15、s the Irans Supreme Leader urging his countrymen to work harder? （ A） Because Iran suffered from more severe economic sanctions from the U. S. and U. N. （ B） Because the Iranian government was planning to stop selling oil to the U. S. （ C） Because the Iranian government already stopped selling oil i
16、n euros. （ D） Because the European Union already approved of a new package of sanctions. 18 Which of following is NOT mentioned in terms of imposing economic sanctions on Iran? （ A） The U. S. （ B） The U. N. （ C） The European Union. （ D） NATO. 19 Which of the following is CORRECT? （ A） Health authori
17、ties claimed the new swine flu already became fully pandemic. （ B） Personal hygiene is effective and essential to defend against swine flu. （ C） Both Hong Kong and Australia have confirmed cases of swine flu. （ D） The Japanese government has already stepped up surveillance at borders. 20 Personal hy
18、giene enhancers include the following EXCEPT_. （ A） washing hands with soap and water （ B） using alcohol-based hand cleaners （ C） wearing masks whenever possible （ D） washing hands regularly 20 For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laun
19、dries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations. The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people there, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, the men staked a c
20、laim for themselves by placing marks in the ground. However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious
21、 competitor. They were harassed in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. The Chinese, therefore, started to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white min
22、ers; others set up small restaurants. (There were almost no women in California in those days, and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this “womans work“. ) Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen. In the early 1860s many more Chinese arrived in California. This time the men were imported
23、 as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. They were sorely needed because the work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other labourers for the job. As in the case of their predecess
24、ors, these Chinese were almost all males; and like them, too, they encountered a great deal of prejudice. The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was complete, and the imported labourers returned to Californiathousands of them, all out of work. Because there were so many more
25、 of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. They were so very different in every respect: in their physical appearance, including a long “pigtail“ at the back of their otherwise shaved heads; in the strange, non-Western clothes they wore; in their speech (f
26、ew had learned English since they planned to go back to China) ; and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese“ because there were many sacred images in their houses of worship. When times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from whi
27、te men, who were in many cases recent immigrants themselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in several cities, culminating in arson and bloodshed. Chinese were barred from using the courts and also from becoming American citizens. Californias began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter
28、their state. Finally, in 1882, they persuaded Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese labourers. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. However, during the World War II, when China wa
29、s an ally of the United States, the exclusion laws were ended; a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and the Chinese could become American citizens. In 1965, in a general revision of our immigration laws, many more Chinese were permitted to settle here, as discrimination aga
30、inst Asian immigration was abolished. Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations. For example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong (encompassing grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins and others). Members of the f
31、amily lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency
32、 among them. The high regard for education which is deeply embedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants of uneducated labourer have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers,
33、 and other professionals. (Many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from Chinas former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions. ) 21 Why would so many Chinese Americans in California be involved in the occup
34、ations of restaurants and laundries in the 19th century? （ A） Because they were good at these jobs. （ B） Because there were few women to do those jobs at that time. （ C） Because of the prejudice and discrimination against the Chinese, they had no other choices. （ D） Because they could not find gold
35、in mines. 22 Whats the meaning of the italicized word “heathen“ in Paragraph 3 according to the passage? （ A） It means something or somebody that is sacred. （ B） It means a person who cant bear heat. （ C） It means a person who does not believe in any of the worlds chief religions. （ D） It means a pe
36、rson who is superstitious. 23 Which of the following statements about Chinese immigrants in America is NOT TRUE? （ A） Before 1880s, Chinese people were allowed to come to the United States but they were denied the right of becoming American citizens. （ B） From 1882 to 1965 no Chinese were permitted
37、to come to United States because of the Chinese Exclusion Act. （ C） The general revision of American immigration laws which allow more Chinese to settle in US was the outcome of World War II. （ D） During the World War II, Chinese were allowed to immigrate again, but the number was controlled. 24 Whi
38、ch can explain the low rate of juvenile delinquency among Chinese children? （ A） Members of the family lend practical help when necessary, so its not necessary for children to break the law. （ B） Chinese children are introverted and their personality prevent them from breaking the law. （ C） Chinese
39、parents are particularly strict in cultivating their children, which leads to the low rate of juvenile delinquency. （ D） Chinese families regard the traditional values and attitudes highly, which teach children to be responsible. 25 Which of the following Chinese characteristics is NOT mentioned in
40、the passage? （ A） Patience. （ B） Willingness to work hard. （ C） Sense of responsibility. （ D） Modesty. 25 The concern throughout the world in 1988 for those three whales that were locked in the Arctic ice was dramatic proof that whales, several species of which face extinction, have become subjects
41、of considerable sympathy. These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs, one to another, in the worlds oceans since the dawn of time, while overhead, great empires and civilizations have come and gone. Now, their time of decline has come. It bega
42、n a long time ago. Four-thousand-year-old rock carvings show, that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the first to seek out and kill whales in the sea. By around 890 AD, 3,000 years later, the practice had spread to the Basque people of France and Spain, who hunted whales from
43、boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centuries that followed, whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America. Whaling went into dramatic decline, beginning around 1900. Today, whales are hunted commercially only by Norway,
44、 Iceland and Japan. The worlds fascination with them, however, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left, given their tragic history. Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and sketches whales stranded on the beach. He says its a 20-year obsession
45、that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for the Museum of Natural History in New York. “As I began to do the research. I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldnt really find any pictures of what they looked like: all I could find was pictures of de
46、ad whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on something that was so peculiar, which was the largest animal that has ever lived on earth. “ So large, he discovered, that the largest dinosaur weighed only half as much as the female blue whale. As
47、he continued his research he boarded scientific vessels. Dove with whales in the Pacific, and even watched whales die at the hands of modern, explosive-tipped harpoons. His sketches appeared in magazines and encyclopedias and at the center of what was then the beginning of a movement to save the wha
48、les. “I was one of those people who used to stand on street corners and ask for people to sign petitions, which at that time were directed towards the Japanese and the Soviets. Because in that period of timelate 60s, early 70sthe Japanese and the Soviets were killing tens of thousands of sperm parti
49、cularly in the North Pacific. And we thought that getting the worlds opinion on paper would make them say, Oh look, all these people dont like what we are doing. We will stop. Well, of course, they didnt stop. “ Not at first, commercial whaling peaked in the mid-1960s, with more than 60,000 whales killed each year. The International Whaling Commission, a group of member nations aimed at regulating the industry, began to make recommen
