1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 469及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 End the University as We Know It 1. Problems confronting American universities A. impractical graduate (1
3、) (1)_ B. isolated departments/ overspecialized sciences C. encouraged phenomenon of (2) (2)_ II. Root for the problems the (3) of universities (3)_ A. origin The Conflict of the Faculties (1798) by Kant B. model mass production/ a (4) (4)_ C. concept learn all sciences by mass production, so each b
4、ranch has its trustee III. Steps to improve American higher education are A. restructuring curriculum 1. method to replace separate (5) with complex adaptive web- (5)_ like curriculum 2. purpose to make teaching and scholarship cross-disciplinary to engage more sciences in comparative analysis of co
5、mmon problems B. (6) programs (6)_ 1. reason programs evolve with society, some may be out of date. 2. purpose to avoid sunset clauses to address practical problems to develop new theoretical insights and practical solutions C. increasing (7) among institutions (7)_ 1. purpose to reduce workload of
6、institutions to share students and faculty 2. means teleconference, Internet, etc. D. transforming the traditional (8) (8)_ 1. reason less market for traditional ones 2. advice using novel formats like films or video games E. expanding professional options for graduate students purpose: to prepare s
7、tudents for future work to improve students (9) to the changing world (9)_ F. imposing mandatory retirement and abolishing tenure purpose: to encourage faculties to continue to evolve to (10) young people (10)_ SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Liste
8、n carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 There is a great employment demand for graduates of all the foll
9、owing majors EXCEPT （ A） engineering, （ B） finance. （ C） management. （ D） accounting. 12 Which of the following is TRUE of the job market? （ A） Employees are in face of fierce competition. （ B） Salaries of engineering grads are lower than the average. （ C） Starting salaries have been increased this
10、year. （ D） There might be another hiring surge next year. 13 The expert suggests that graduates should not rely on the Internet because （ A） it is not a good job searching strategy. （ B） not all job vacancies are available on it. （ C） grads cannot have a direct contact with employers. （ D） many grad
11、s dont have access to the Internet. 14 According to the interview, which is NOT an advantage of an informational interview? （ A） It enables grads to get a job more easily. （ B） It enables grads to get a better-paid job. （ C） It allows grads to get a few contacts. （ D） It allows grads to know more ab
12、out the industry. 15 What can parents do to help their children get a job? （ A） To encourage them to be confident. （ B） To support them financially. （ C） To urge them to be dependent. （ D） To keep an eye on their emotions. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything
13、 ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 How many times has the House voted for a specific withdrawal target date up to now? （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. 16 In order to
14、 get your point across in your target language, you have to learn plenty of words. How do you set about it? Dr. Paul Meara, who lectures in applied linguistics, believes there are lots of different ways of learning words. “Generally, anything you do with the words which actually makes them yours rat
15、her than just abstract things which appear in a book or on a record will almost certainly help you to learn them. So, for example, writing them down is better than reading them. Putting them on bits of paper and sticking them up around your house is better than just looking at them in the page of a
16、book. Saying them out loud is better than reading them quietly. Anything which actually gets you to use them would probably help. “ Encouragement and nurturing in the students and belief in their ability to learn is one of the central tenets of a relatively new approach. Its called Accelerated Learn
17、ing and its an offshoot of an idea that began in Bulgaria. Michael Lawlor runs a language school for business executives, teaching foreign languages to the British, and English to foreigners. Hes currently testing this system to see if he can incorporate it into his teaching program at his school. T
18、he main principle is to tap the students emotions as well as their intellects and, to begin with, to get them to visualize themselves as successful communicators in the language theyre learning. “They can actually create a very clear mental picture of themselves say in five years time, in the countr
19、y where the language is spoken, interacting with the people. They can also boost their own confidence as learners by recreating past successful learning situation. Many people fail in learning a language because their minds get calmer and they provide their brains with oxygen, we teach them to sit p
20、roperly so that they dont lose energy and maybe to have some simple physical movements to keep their energy up. All these things are part of the learning process. “ The course work is based on puzzles and games and above all on bilingual dialogues, so theres no fear of not understanding. As the gram
21、mar is introduced, the rules are put into rhyming couplets to make them easier to remember. This method is all about reaching into the under-used resources of mind and memory. After a class, the students have a concert session when they hear the dialogue they were working on against a background of
22、baroque music. Michael Lawlor explains why they used baroque music. “Dr Lazanov in Bulgaria, in his original experiments, found that baroque music produced a state of relaxed awareness, which is now known more generally as the alpha state. If you take the large passages or the adagio passages from l
23、argo music, you find that they correspond more or less to the slowed-down speed of the human heart-about 60 beats to the minute. So were helping people to slow down their body rhythms. The mind then becomes more receptive and open to passive learning, to listening. So thats why music of this kind is
24、 important. But it also, of course, touches the emotions. The music will induce a state of pleasurable expectation and if we can link the emotion of pleasure with learning, then were making a very valuable contribution to the students affective, or emotional, involvement with the learning process. “
25、 The choice of a soft-spoken female voice to present the language in accelerated learning techniques is also deliberate. After all, who was it who taught you to speak your own language all those years ago? 17 Many people fail in learning a language because _. （ A） they are too old （ B） they lack lan
26、guage ability （ C） they lose their own confidence （ D） the teachers are not good enough 18 You can remember the words better in all the ways except _. （ A） saying them out loud （ B） writing them down （ C） looking at them in a book （ D） sticking them up around your room 19 To visualize oneself is to
27、_. （ A） describe oneself （ B） talk about oneself （ C） make oneself relaxed （ D） create a clear mental picture of oneself 20 Why is music important? （ A） It can arouse excitement （ B） It can help to slow down body rhythms （ C） It can make people eager to study （ D） It makes people used to the passive
28、 learning 21 According to the passage, which is the most probable person to teach you to speak your own language? （ A） Your father. （ B） Your mother. （ C） Your soft-spoken female teacher. （ D） None of the abov 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions
29、 in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and they pulled out in_. （ A） AD 306. （ B） AD 410. （ C） AD 446. （ D） AD 1066. 23 It was_enjoyed by the clergy that brought King Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket, the
30、 Archbishop of Canterbury. （ A） annual allowances （ B） exceptional privileges （ C） high income （ D） supreme positions 24 When did the English Bourgeois Revolution take place? （ A） In 1640. （ B） In 1641. （ C） In 1642. （ D） In 1688. 25 George Eliot was famous for her_. （ A） Jane Eyre （ B） Wuthering He
31、ights （ C） The Waves （ D） Middlemarch 26 What is the capital of Britain? （ A） London （ B） Liverpool （ C） Manchester （ D） Birmingham 27 The United Kingdom is located in （ A） northern Europe. （ B） western Europe. （ C） northwestern Europe. （ D） southeastern Europe. 29 Thomas Paine was a (n)_ writer. （
32、A） essay （ B） novel （ C） political （ D） poem 30 The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences is _. （ A） syntax （ B） semantics （ C） morphology （ D） sociolinguistics 31 The first known settlers of Britain were _. （ A） the Jutes
33、 （ B） the Celts （ C） the Saxons （ D） the Iberians 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING through teleconferencing and the Internet, both subjects can be taught at both places with half the staff. With these tools, I have already team-taught semester-long seminars in real time at the Universities of Helsinki and Me
34、lbourne. 8 Fourth, transform the traditional dissertation. In the arts and humanities, where looming cutbacks will be most devastating, there is no longer a market for books modeled on the medieval dissertation, with more footnotes than text. As financial pressures on university presses continue to
35、mount, publication of dissertations, and with it scholarly certification, is almost impossible. (The average university press print run of a dissertation that has been converted into a book is less than 500, and sales are usually considerably lower.) For many years, I have taught undergraduate cours
36、es in which students do not write traditional papers but develop analytic treatments in formats from hypertext and Web sites to films and video games. Graduate students should likewise be encouraged to produce “theses“ in alternative formats. Fifth, expand the range of professional options for gradu
37、ate students. Most graduate students will never hold the kind of job for which they are being trained. It is, therefore, necessary to help them prepare for work in fields other than higher education. The exposure to new approaches and different cultures and the consideration of real-life issues will
38、 prepare students for jobs at businesses and nonprofit organizations. 9 Moreover, the knowledge and skills they will cultivate in the new universities will enable them to adapt to a constantly changing world. Sixth, impose mandatory retirement and abolish tenure. Initially intended to protect academ
39、ic freedom, tenure has resulted in institutions with little turnover and professors impervious to change. After all, once tenure has been granted, there is no leverage to encourage a professor to continue to develop professionally or to require him or her to assume responsibilities like administrati
40、on and student advising. Tenure should be replaced with seven-year contracts, which, like the programs in which faculty teach, can be terminated or renewed. 10 This policy would enable colleges and universities to reward researchers, scholars and teachers who continue to evolve and remain productive
41、 while also making room for young people with new ideas and skills. My hope is that colleges and universities will be shaken out of their complacency and will open academia to a future we cannot conceive. OK, this is the end of todays lecture. If you have any questions or ideas about todays topic, s
42、end me an email and Ill discuss with you later. Alright, see you next week. 1 【正确答案】 programs 【试题解析】 讲座开篇谈到，美国大学里多数专业培养出的本科生没有市场或掌握的技能在市场上需求量很低 (即很难找到工作 )，所以美国大学面临的第一个问题就是本科专业不具有实用性，因此，本空应该填 programs。 2 【正确答案】 cloning 【试题解析】 演讲者在介绍完 Kant及其有关大学模式的观点后谈到，受其观点影响，美国大学中专业分工越分越细，各个院系也越来越孤立，教师培养出的学生完全像是自己的翻
43、版，并且随着学术研究的细化，这种现象越来越严重。讲座中 将这种教育称为教师的 “克隆 ”过程，因此本空填 cloning. 3 【正确答案】 formation 【试题解析】 演讲者开篇由美国大学毕业生很难找到工作引出话题 美国大学教育体系存在危机。紧接着就指出了危机存在的根源 大学的构成。讲座中的seeds对应本题中的 Root，所以本空填 formation。 4 【正确答案】 division of labor 【试题解析】 演讲者在谈 Kant有关大学模式的观点时提到：大学应该通过 “大规模培养 ”的方式，也可以说是劳动分工的方式，来处理学习的全 部内容。由此可知 a division
44、 of labor是对 massproduction的解释，故斜线后填 division of labor。 5 【正确答案】 departments 【试题解析】 演讲者在介绍完美国大学面临的种种问题及其根源之后，提出了繁荣美国高等教育必先迈出的六步。本题涉及第一步 重组课程 的方法。讲座中谈到，重组课程就是要以综合互联的课程取代陈旧孤立的院系。故本题应填departments。 6 【正确答案】 updating 【试题解析】 本题涉及演讲者提到的 六步中的第二步。讲座中指出，大学需要废除固定院系的做法，并且要创造以解决现实问题为中心的新专业。这一步实际上正是为了应对文章开篇提到的美国大学
45、专业不实用的问题。由于每空最多只能填三个词，若按照原文来填肯定会超出字数限制，因此，可将 abolish permanent departments， andcreate problem-focused programs总结为 update programs，注意 update需要用动名词形式。 7 【正确答案】 collaboration 【试题解析】 讲座中的第 三步是针对大学存在的三大问题中的第二条提出的。由于目前大学各个学科院系分工过细且彼此孤立，因此有必要加强各个院系、团体之间的合作。故本空填 collaboration。 8 【正确答案】 dissertation 【试题解析】 讲
46、座的第四步谈到，随着 社会发展和经济压力的影响，传统的论文已经很难吸引人们的眼球，因而有必要将传统论文变形。所以本空应填单词为dissertation。 9 【正确答案】 adaptation 【试题解析】 本题涉及第五步 拓宽学生的职业选择范围。讲座中提到，学 生将来从事的工作不一定与所学专业有关，因而学校应该为学生提供机会，让他们能够接触不同文化，考虑现实生活问题，这样不仅能为将来找工作作准备，更能提高学生对于瞬息万变的社会的适应能力。因此本空应填 adaptation。 10 【正确答案】 make room for 【试题解析】 演讲者在最后一步提到：学校应强制实行退休制度，废除职位终
47、身制。这样做一方面可以督促教师不断学习、进步，另一方面可以让老化的教师队伍给有才干、有想法的新生力量让位。因此，本空应填短语 make roomfor。 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil
48、l be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 【听力原文】 W: Russ, its good to see you. M: Good morning, Vera, nice to see you. W: So the job market is good, ha? M: Its very good. Employers planned to hire about 14% more grads this year than last, a
49、 very good time to be an accounting major, engineering major, finance major, but really the demand is across the board; its the best job market weve seen in 4 or 5 years. W: And what do you attribute this hiring surge to? M: Ah, largely a reflection of the economic conditions. Corporate growth of course has been good; corporate profits are strong, so companies feel more comfortable hiring. As you know, the
