1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 47 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Seven Types of Evidence It is important to learn to use evidence in argumentative writing, because withou
3、t evidence, you cant persuade anybody of anything. Usually seven types of evidence are used. . Expert Testimony Expert testimony is useful because it comes from somebody with special knowledge and has been tested by others. There are three kinds of expert testimony: facts, informed opinions, and 【 1
4、】 _ 【 1】 _ The first two can be safely used in your writing, but the third may be dangerous, because they are just what is possibly true. . 【 2】 _ 【 2】 _ This refers to data that can reveal some information. Strong evidence of this type should be valid, accurate, and 【 3】 _ 【 3】 _ . Example Examples
5、 are widely used in our daily life. Examples can serve three purposes. First, clarify meaning. Second, provide reason for justification. Third,【 4】 _ 【 4】 _ . Personal Experience Writer can use his own experience to support an argument. But if the experience is【 5】 _, 【 5】 _ the argument will not be
6、 very forceful. . Analogy Analogy is a comparison of apparently dissimilar things. Analogy can make unfamiliar topics【 6】 _, but it is not enough to prove anything.【 6】 _ . Known Facts Known facts are facts that are known to【 7】 _ 【 7】 _ They can be used as a type of evidence. . Logic and Reasoning
7、Logic and reasoning may be used in two situations. One, 【 8】 _ is not available.【 8】 _ Two, the writer wants to strengthen the persuasiveness of his factual evidence. . Three Criteria for Good Evidence: 1 relevant 2【 9】 _ 【 9】 _ 3【 10】 _ 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8
8、】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five
9、questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The conversation between the Host and Chief Kufa is mainly about _. （ A） how the work of the women of Chiefs village is appreciated （ B） how the researchers at the university work for their programms （ C） how Chief Kufa comments on the women of his village
10、（ D） how the farmers grow most of the food in Kufas village 12 Mrs. Mirla used to work for the government. Why did Mrs. Mirla come back to work in the field? （ A） Her husband asked her to give up that job as the job was not satisfactory. （ B） She lost her job at the office and had to move to another
11、 part of the country. （ C） Her husband got a very good job which could afford her stay at home. （ D） She wanted to find a more challenging job and her husband supported her. 13 How did Mrs. Kamanga get very high yields of grain? （ A） There was not much insect damage in her stores. （ B） She grew more
12、 grain than the other farmers. （ C） She adopted high technology of producing grain. （ D） She used a lot of manure in her field. 14 According to the interview, we can infer that _. （ A） women dont deserve respect due to them in the village （ B） women have received enough respect in the village （ C） w
13、omen didnt make contributions for the development of the village （ D） womens concerns are always taken into full consideration 15 What is Chief Kufas attitude towards the work of the women farmers? （ A） Neutral. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Negative. （ D） Positive. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In
14、this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The governor has decided that _. （ A） schools should not use names like “redskins“ （ B） schools can use
15、names like “redskins“ （ C） some names such as “redskins“ are derogatory （ D） local schools should name their sports teams carefully 17 The governor vetoed the bill because he believed that the government _. （ A） has the duty to supervise names of sport teams （ B） has the duty to help local schools c
16、hoose proper names （ C） should not be prejudiced to teams because of their names （ D） should not deprive schools of the right to name their teams 18 In the video, the British hostage _. （ A） assured his family members that he was safe （ B） asked the British government to save his life （ C） criticize
17、 the British government for not taking action （ D） denounced those who captured him very bravely 19 According to this news, what has happened to the two American hostages captured at the same time? （ A） They are still very safe. （ B） They have been rescued by the US army. （ C） They have been killed.
18、 （ D） Nobody knows exactly what has happened to them. 20 Haiti has lost large numbers of people to a serious _. （ A） earthquake （ B） hurricane （ C） fire （ D） terrorist attack 20 Scotland Yards top fingerprint expert, Detective Chief superintendent Gerald Lambourne had a request from the British Muse
19、ums Prehistoric department to force his magnifying glass on a mystery somewhat outside my usual beat. This was not a question of Whodunit, but Who Was It. The blunt instruments he pored over were the antlers of red deer, dated by radio-carbon examination as being up to 5,000 years old. They were use
20、d as mining picks by Neolithic man to hack flints and chalk, and the fingerprints he was looking for were of our remote ancestors who had last wielded them. The antlers were unearthed in July during the British Museums five-year-long excavation at Grimes Graves, near Therford, Norfolk, a 93-acre sit
21、e containing more than 600 vertical shafts in the chalk some 40 feet deep. From artifacts found in many parts of Britain it is evident that flint was extensively used by Neolithic man as he slowly learned how to farm land in the period from 3, 000 to 1, 500B. C. Flint was especially used for ax-head
22、s to clear forests for agriculture, and the quality of the flint on the Norfolk site suggests that the miners there were kept busy with many orders. What excited Mr. G. Sieveking, the museums deputy director of the excavations, was the dried mud still sticking to some of them. “Our deduction is that
23、 the miners coated the base of the antlers with mud so that they could get a better grip,“ he says. “The exciting possibility was that fingerprints left in this mud might at last identify as individuals as people who have left few relics, who could not read or write, but who may have had much more i
24、ntelligence than had been supposed in the past.“ Chief Superintendent Lambourne, who had “assisted“ the British Museum by taking the fingerprints of a 4, 000-year-old Egyptian mummy, spent two hours last week examining about 50 antlers. On some he found minute marks indicating a human hand-that part
25、 of the hand just below the fingers where most pressure would be brought to bear the wielding of a pick. After 25 years specialization in the Yards fingerprints department, Chief Superintendent Lambourne knows all about ridge structures-technically known as the “tri-radiate section“. It was his iden
26、tification of that part of the hand that helped to incriminate some of the Great Train Robbers. In 1995 he discovered similar handprints on a bloodstained tee-maker on a golf-course where a woman had been brutally murdered. They eventually led to the killer, after 4, 065 handprints had been taken. C
27、hief Superintendent Lamboure had agreed to visit the Norfolk site during further excavations next summer, when it is hoped that further hand-marked antlers will come to light. But he is cautious about the historic significance of his findings. “Fingerprints and handprints are unique to each individu
28、al but they can tell nothing about the age, physical characteristics, even sex of the person who left them,“ he says. “Even the finger prints of gorilla could be mistaken for those of a man. But if a number of imprinted antlers are recovered from given shafts on this site I could at least determine
29、which antlers were handled by the same man, and from there might be deduced the number of miners employed in a team.“ “As an indication of intelligence I might determine which way up the miners held the antlers and how they wielded them.“ To Mr. Sieveking and his museum colleagues, any such findings
30、 will be added to their dossier of what might appear to the layman as trivial and unrelated facts but from which might emerge one day an impressive new image of our remote ancestors. 21 What was the aim of the investigation referred to in the passage? （ A） To provide some kind of identification of a
31、 few Neolithic men. （ B） To find out more about the period when the antlers were used. （ C） To discover more about the purpose of the antlers. （ D） To learn more about the types of men who used the antlers. 22 What had been the principal use of the antlers? （ A） To obtain the material for useful too
32、ls. （ B） To prepare the fields for cultivation. （ C） To help in removing trees and bushes so that land could be cultivated. （ D） To make many objects useful in everyday life. 23 The idea that mud was applied to the antlers deliberately was _. （ A） the result of an inspired guess （ B） a possibility b
33、ased on reasoning from facts （ C） an obvious conclusion （ D） a conclusion based on other similar cases 23 Civilization and History Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped ci
34、vilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the high
35、est pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possib
36、le they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most eff
37、iciently-this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done-is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of t
38、he other side, and then saying that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has f
39、ought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets-while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life-
40、nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists r
41、eckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the out- side. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Supp
42、ose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will b
43、e oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking mans civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is
44、 only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things.
45、 All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else. 24 The author says that civilized people should _. （ A） not have any quarrels to settle （ B） not fight when there are no quarrels to settle （ C） settle their quarrels without fighting （ D） settle their quarrels by seeing which sid
46、e can kill off the greatest number of the other side 25 Most people believe that the greatest countries are those that _. （ A） built the highest pillars （ B） were beaten in battle by the greatest number of other countries （ C） were ruled by the greatest number of conquerors （ D） won over the greates
47、t number of other countries as conquerors 26 “We must not expect even civilized people not to have done these things.“ in the last paragraph suggests that _. （ A） those who have done any fighting and bullying cannot be considered civilized （ B） there is nothing wrong if civilized people do some figh
48、ting and bullying （ C） even civilized people have done some fighting and bullying （ D） civilized people have never done any fighting and bullying 27 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Those who won the wars should have been tried as war criminals instead of being glorified. （ B） The one who invented the wheel may have helped civilization forward to a greater extent than those generals. （ C） When the sun grows too cold to maintain life on the earth, people will migr
