1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 482及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Chemistry plays an important part in our life. The【 1】 _ of a clock, 【 1】_ the clothes we wear, and our l
3、eather shoes are all made【 2】 _. 【 2】_ the water we drink is chemically purified. The glass and【 3】 _ of the mirror,【 3】 _ the manufacturing of light bulbs, the paint and plaster on our walls require chemistry. The cooking, digestion and assimilation of the food are all chemical【 4】 _ 【 4】 _ The con
4、struction of an automobile may require many kinds of chemically made【 5】 _. 【 5】 _ Chemistry and its【 6】 _ have helped us to live longer. 【 6】 _ The science of medicine also【 7】 _ heavily upon chemistry. 【 7】_ And with【 8】 _ and antiseptics, surgery is no longer crude and limited. 【 8】_ Our increasi
5、ng knowledge of the chemical【 9】 _ that take place in the human body results in great strides in modern medicine. 【 9】_ Fortunately, most of us do not need a profound knowledge of chemistry, but some understanding of chemistry should be a part of the【 10】 _ of every educated person. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2
6、 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10
7、 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The average life expectancy of ancient Egyptians is about _. （ A） 32 （ B） 37 （ C） 50 （ D） 60 12 Which of the following is NOT a medical problem ancient Egyptians used to have? （ A） Dental decay. （ B） Tooth erosi
8、on. （ C） Malignant tumors. （ D） Insomnia. 13 The following are very common among ancient Egyptians EXCEPT _. （ A） abscess （ B） intestinal parasites （ C） anaemia （ D） drug addiction 14 The mummy Rameses is different from other Egyptian mummies in that _. （ A） it cannot be destroyed （ B） its heart was
9、 not removed （ C） most internal organs were removed （ D） it was made with a different technique 15 Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Rameses? （ A） It was on display in Cairo in 1871. （ B） It was taken to Paris for research. （ C） It was seriously damaged in an upheaval. （ D） It was covered in new
10、 bandages. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the news, American troops in Panama （ A）
11、 were attacked at refugee camps. （ B） were angry at delays in departure. （ C） attacked Cuban refugee camps last week. （ D） will be increased to 2,000. 16 It had been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incide
12、nce of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and
13、 climate remains unclear. For example the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious-statistical significance. Ef
14、fects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period
15、called the Maunder minimum). The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of
16、 solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial
17、climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to confirm the cycles past existence. If consistent and reliable geological or archaeological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar acti
18、vity. Currently, there are two models of solar activity. The first supposes that the Suns internal motions (caused by rotation and convection)interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. In sho
19、rt, the Suns large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. The alternative explanation supposes that the Suns large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the
20、 Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model, the solar mechanism dependent on the Suns magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle could be expected to change over a long period of time. Modern solar observations sp
21、an too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon. 17 The author focuses primarily on_. （ A） presenting two competing scientific theories concerning solar activity and evaluating geological evidence often cited
22、to support them （ B） giving a brief overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physics and assessing their impact on future climatological research （ C） discussing the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial phenomena with solar activity and indicating how resolving that issue cou
23、ld have an impact on our understanding of solar physics （ D） pointing out the futility of a certain line of scientific inquiry into the terrestrial effects of solar activity and recommending its abandonment in favor of purely physics-oriented research 18 For which of the following reasons are late s
24、eventeenth and early eighteenth century Chinese records important according to the passage? （ A） They suggest that the data on which the Maunder minimum was predicated were incorrect. （ B） They suggest that the Maunder minimum can not be related to climate. （ C） They suggest that the Maunder minimum
25、 might be valid only for Europe. （ D） They establish the existence of a span of unusually cold weather worldwide at the time of the Maunder minimum. 19 It can be inferred from the passage that Chinese observations of the Sun during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries_. （ A） are ambig
26、uous because most sunspots cannot be seen with the naked eye （ B） probably were made under the same weather conditions as those made in Europe （ C） are more reliable than European observations made during this period （ D） record some sunspot activity during this period 20 It can be inferred from the
27、 passage that studies attempting to use tree-ring thickness to locate possible links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate are based on the assumption that _. （ A） the solar-activity cycle existed in its present form during the time period in which the tree rings grew （ B） the biological
28、 mechanisms causing tree growth are unaffected by short-term weather patterns （ C） average tree-ring thickness varies from species to species （ D） tree-ring thicknesses reflect changes in terrestrial climate 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions i
29、n this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 21 _of the United States comprises law-makers who serve two-year term. （ A） The House of Representatives （ B） The Senate （ C） The Congress （ D） The executive 22 _ was the last great Neo-Classicist enlightener in the 18th century. （ A） Samuel J
30、ohnson （ B） Alexander Pope （ C） Addison （ D） Steele 23 _is unquestioningly regarded as Americas greatest playwright. （ A） R.B.Sheridan （ B） Eugene ONeill （ C） T. S. Eliot （ D） Ezra Pound 24 The Portrait of a Lady was written by _ . （ A） Henry James （ B） James Joyce （ C） Henry Longfellow （ D） Theodor
31、e Dreiser 26 What type of sentence is “Mary told Jane that John like linguistics.“? （ A） A coordinate sentence. （ B） A complex sentence. （ C） A simple sentence. （ D） None of the above. 27 The phonetic transcription with diacritics is called _ transcription, which is _ used generally in ditimaries an
32、d language text books. （ A） broad; not （ B） narrow; x （ C） broad; x （ D） narrow ;not 28 Which of the following is not the native people in Canada? （ A） Eskimo. （ B） Inuit. （ C） Indians. （ D） Maori. 29 Which of the following is NOT Robert Frosts poem? （ A） Chicago. （ B） After Apple-Picking. （ C） The
33、Road Not Taken. （ D） The Most of It. 30 New Zealand is situated about 1,500 km （ A） north-west of Australia. （ B） south-east of Australia. （ C） north-east of Australia. （ D） south west of Australia. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING it will be a set of values you can take anywhere that is compatible with full
34、 participation in whichever society you live in. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 34 With the economic prosperity we have enjoyed in the past two decades, there have arisen some social problems, one of which is the widespread prod
35、uction and sale of fake commodities. Write an essay of about 300 words entitled 1. How Can We Do Away With Fake Commodities? In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the las
36、t part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR 专业英语八级模拟试卷 482答案与解析 SECTIO
37、N A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over,
38、you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Chemistry deals with the materials of which the world is composed and the changes they many undergo. All of us, whether we ar
39、e farmers, merchants, doctors, mechanics, chemists, housewives, or students, use this science directly or indirectly in a thousand ways every day. Our lives are made longer, healthier, richer, more convenient, and more pleasant because of chemistry. We need only consider our daily routine activities
40、 to appreciate the part chemistry plays in everyday life. The clock that wakes us in the morning probably has in its mechanism half a dozen different metals or alloys, all of which were prepared by chemical processes. The clothes we put on were bleached and dyed chemically, or perhaps woven from syn
41、thetic materials produced by chemical processes devised by man. The leather in our shoes was tanned and dyed with chemicals. The water with which we wash is chemically treated to purify, and, sometimes, to soften it. The soap, toothpaste, shaving cream or cosmetics we use are all chemical products.
42、Chemistry is involved in the glass and silvering of the mirror, in the manufacture of light bulbs, and the paint and plaster on our wills. The food for breakfast is cooked, digested, and assimilated in our bodies by chemical processes. We drive to work or school in and automobile which may be constr
43、ucted of a hundred different kinds of steel, to say nothing of the other metals and alloys, plastics, rubber, and fuels and lubricants which power or protect it. All of these were prepared by chemical processes. The science of medicine draws heavily upon chemistry, and many of us are alive today bec
44、ause of chemical products. Evidence indicates that, in ancient Rome, life expectancy averaged 22 years. Yet, in 1912 life expectancy in the United States averaged about 49 years. Now it has reached 70 for men and 73 for women. Chemistry and its products have played an important part in this increase
45、 in the life span of man. Modem surgery is dependent upon anesthetics and antiseptics. Ether was first used as an anesthetic by Long in 1842. Chloroform was used a few years later. Before that time the patient might have been given opium derivatives or whiskey, or he might simply have been held down
46、. Surgery was necessarily very crude and limited. Semmelweis in 1847 discovered that the hands, instruments, and clothing of the doctor could carry infection, and demanded that doctors maintain higher standards of cleanliness. In 1877 in Germany, Koch proved that germs caused disease or infection, a
47、nd that they could often be controlled by chemicals. Pasteurs work on the destruction of bacteria in food was done in the early 1860s. The sulfa drugs developed in the 1930s proved to be powerful weapons against disease, and a little later the antibiotics were an even more important breakthrough in
48、the fight against germs. Epidemics of typhus, cholera, diphtheria, and smallpox, which once swept the land, bringing death or disfiguration, are virtually a thing of the past now in most of the world. Chemistry has played a mighty part in their defeat. The great strides being made in modem medicine
49、are largely the result of an increasing knowledge of the chemical reactions that take place in the most complex of all chemical systems, the human body. Fortunately, most of us do not need a profound knowledge of chemistry in order to use the chemical processes and chemical products of modem living. Some understanding of the prin
